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UNIT 5 A Better Place to Live in Now ask the beast and they will teach you, And the birds of air and they will tell you, And the fi sh of the sea shall declare unto you Who among these does not know that the hand of the lord has done this?! In whose hand is the life of every living thing. Before you read 1. What is meant by environmental challenges? 2. Can you guess what deforestation is? 3. Can you guess what is biosphere? 4. What is meant by a thriving economy? 5. What is a sweatshop? Read the text and discuss it. Challenges of the XXI Global challenges are many and diverse. Besides economic there are many environmental challenges. Among them- climate change, air pollution and deforestation, over-fishing of the ocean, the spread of invasive species, food and water problems. They are being met very slowly. Air-pollution. Since many factories are built in developing countries, globalizm and free trade increase pollution. On the other hand, economic development requires a “dirty” industrial stage. It is argued that developing countries should also be given a chance to increase their standard of living. 61
Deforestation. The removal of forest to make way for cattle ranching was the leading cause of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon since the mid 1960s. One of the reasons of deforestation is the logging industry. At present rates, tropical rainforests in Indonesia will be logged out in 10 years. Consumption. The World Watch Institute said the booming economies of China and India are shaping the global biosphere. Thriving economies such as China and India are quickly becoming large oil consumers. State of the World 2006 report said the two countries’ high economic growth cause severe pollution. The world’s ecological capacity cannot satisfy the ambitions of China, India, and Japan, Europe and the United States as well as the rest of the world in a sustainable way. The international trade of endangered species. The use of parts of endangered species (such as seahorses, rhinoceros horns, and tiger bones and claws, etc) has resulted in a black market of poachers who hunt restricted animals. Madagascar is home to at least 150, 000 living species found nowhere else in the world. What will become of it? Sweatshops. There are factories set up in the poor countries where employees agree to work for low wages. Sweat Shops are widely used by sports shoe manufacturers, such as Nike. Poorer countries suffer disadvantages. Several agencies have been set up worldwide to focus on anti-sweatshop issues, specifically, forced labor/exploitation of foreign impoverished work/, child labour, as well as the right to decent working conditions. The problems may be solved only with international cooperation. In 1999, 156 countries signed the Kyoto protocol, part of a United Nations agreement on climate change, which came into force in 2005.They agreed to reduce their emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, although so far, some countries, such as the USA and Australia, haven’t taken any action. <strong>Focus</strong> on Words 1. Collecting words a. Describing economy economic: policy/affairs/cooperation/development/reform/activity economy: booming/thriving/developing consume: consumption, consumer, consumer goods, large oil consumers crisis: (pl. crises) financial/political/economic/domestic recession: enter into a deep recession, a slow-down, depression growth: stable growth, growth by 8% yearly boom: progress/advance/a rapid advance/upsurge/rise/a sharp rise/on the rise/boom and crises, bring about market: housing market boom b. What ecological problems can you name? disasters nouns: drought, famine, earthquake, fires, floods, hurricanes, volcanoes, war, terrorism, hostilities, prisoner of war, development of the events, adjectives: natural/ man-made, predicted/unpredicted 62
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Ս. Բաղդասարյան, Ս. Գ
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world in which information can be e
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Fact File • China has become the
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3. Translate into Armenian. 1. We h
Page 9 and 10: The interviewer: Yes, brain drain.
Page 11 and 12: Focus on Grammar H
Page 13 and 14: 4. Our new coach is popular... the
Page 15 and 16: Unit 2 Work Trends Before you read
Page 17 and 18: 1. Translate into Armenian. 1. We d
Page 19 and 20: Focus on Phonetics
Page 21 and 22: Fact file In Denmark teachers are a
Page 23 and 24: MIXED TENSES 4. Choose the right ve
Page 25 and 26: Willy Smith, the foreman, was quite
Page 27 and 28: c. What can the results of your eff
Page 29 and 30: abolish armies and to hold and prom
Page 31 and 32: and most obscurely, yet most powerf
Page 33 and 34: 3. If you set up home, this means t
Page 35 and 36: Have you ever tried to memorise som
Page 37 and 38: Sentence Connectors Explanation: Jo
Page 39 and 40: Check up 1 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
Page 41 and 42: 5. a person who flies an airplane 6
Page 43 and 44: Unit 4 Communication Before you rea
Page 45 and 46: 1. Insert words from the vocabulary
Page 47 and 48: Read the text and discuss the prove
Page 49 and 50: Formal speech: Due to a period of h
Page 51 and 52: So what differentiates them? Left-h
Page 53 and 54: on the stage? What would happen? It
Page 55 and 56: A CUP OF TEA (the end of the story)
Page 57 and 58: 1. a. had to b. could c. should d.
Page 59: 3. In the US we say ‘hello’ and
Page 63 and 64: . Finish the sentences giving your
Page 65 and 66: of volcanoes. The Hawaiian Islands
Page 67 and 68: some of the oil in the water or tra
Page 69 and 70: 6. There floods recently in the Afr
Page 71 and 72: The most marketed-to generation in
Page 73 and 74: 1. Insert the words. 1. I spent all
Page 75 and 76: ARRANGING WORDS What can you buy in
Page 77 and 78: Focus on Phonetics
Page 79 and 80: custom colour customs (ëáíáñá
Page 81 and 82: Trouble spot Because is followed by
Page 83 and 84: In 1969 ARPANET, the original Inter
Page 85 and 86: 1. Insert the missing words. 1. San
Page 87 and 88: 2. Research scientists will find cu
Page 89 and 90: WORDS IN USE Insert the words: math
Page 91 and 92: Comprehension 1. Find the passage w
Page 93 and 94: 4. a. have graduated b. had graduat
Page 95 and 96: 4. Scientists consider this a uniqu
Page 97 and 98: c. They cannot stop looking at the
Page 99 and 100: 6. Which of the sentences is the be
Page 101 and 102: Unit 8 Multiculturalism Monument to
Page 103 and 104: Focus on Words Col
Page 105 and 106: Hong Kong With skyscrapers that def
Page 107 and 108: planet. Understanding the religious
Page 109 and 110: Work on Words awe n a feeling of gr
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The poem then jumps fifty years int
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2. Insert the words dealing with, d
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1. a. each b. both c. by d. an 2. a
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UNIT 9 A Feeling of Style Literary
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Before you read 1. Do you enjoy an
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Reviewing Dickens Rising to greatne
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Pause. Ask a man a civil question h
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EMPHASIS Explanation: Inversion Inv
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UNIT 10 Inspiration And Creation DI
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Freelance photography involves gett
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every place where noisy skateboarde
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1. Read the following words and wri
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2.Very often in order to be express
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Focus on Grammar P
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5. a. “Isn’t art more satisfyin
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eliable source) tabloid, current af
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Read the text and answer the questi
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Read the text and discuss it. In ab
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Check up 3 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
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completely or disappear. Most of (7
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Gapped Text 8. Fill A-D into the nu
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Ծանոթություն` 1. Past S
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Table 8: Tense Chart Ժամանակ
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Past simple was/were + participle I
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Table 14: Nouns (Գոյական) A
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Անդրադարձ (Reflexive) Շե
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Գերադրական (Superlative)
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3. Եթե խնդիր երկրորդ
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e back վերադառնալ be in
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lie lay lain պառկել light lit
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Some criticize the idea that humans
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VOCABULARY 1 A abolish [@¹bOlIS] v
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civilization [ ¹ sIvIlaI¹zeISn] n
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describe [dIs¹kraIb] v նկարա
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famous [feIm@s] a հայտնի farc
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intelligence [In¹telIdZ@ns] n խե
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occurrence [@¹kör@ns] n պատա
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eference [ ¹ refr@ns] n մեջբե
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talent [ ¹ t{l@nt] n տաղանդ
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Contents Unit 1 Modern world: Globa
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