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4. Do you listen only to pop or classical music as well? 5. Is there any music/song you associate with particular events or people in your life? 6. Are any singers /musicians from your country popular abroad? The Who Known for their explosive, power rock, The Who are considered by many to be the greatest British rock band of all time. They have had a huge influence on many artists such as Oasis, Blur and Paul Weller. The Who enjoyed their biggest success during the late 1960s, when they were part of the London Mod scene, and also when they wrote the rock opera Tommy. However, the two surviving members of the original line up, Roger Daltrey and Pete Townshend to record and tour today. <strong>Focus</strong> on Function The language of conversation Conversation is for people who are involved in it. That’s why we often can’t understand other people’s conversations, if we, suppose, listen to them on the bus. The participants can often understand each other because of shared background information or from non-verbal behaviour. Scientists say that men and women speak differently. Men are always trying to compete with each other, even in conversation: one tells a story, then another tries to tell a more interesting story, then a third bloketries to beat them all and tell the best story of all. According to their data, the way women talk is much more collaborative: they support each other. There might be some differences between the way men and women speak, but conversation is basically a co-operative activity, it doesn’t matter whether you’re a man or a woman. If we don’t co-operate, conversation can’t happen. This is best seen in the way we take turns. Grice claimed that basically there are four maxims or rules, of conversation: we should be true, brief, relevant and clear. Real conversation is characterised by a. repetitiveness b. short utterances, c. false starts, d. pauses, e. hesitations. f. imprecision Conversation may be formal and informal. Formal speech has a greater degree of control on your speech. 49
Formal speech: Due to a period of heavy rainfall and patches of dense fog, the road had become dangerous and visibility restricted. Consequently, there was a collision, in which he was injured. Informal speech: Well, there was a lot of rain and it was foggy, too. That’s why the road was slippery and he couldn’t see well. So he had a crash and got hurt. The speakers may have a particular accent or dialect. But perhaps this isn’t important if... if the speakers can understand each other. So, go ahead. DIALOGUE A: Sorry, does anyone know why these films are called soap operas? B: Sorry, what? A: Yeah, soap operas. Does anyone know why they’re called that? B: Right... mmm .. that question is a bit out of the blue ... I don’t want to get off track here ... but does anyone know the answer? A: I heard it’s because when they first started in America, they were sponsored by soap manufacturers. A: Sorry, can I butt in here? B: Go ahead, please. <strong>Focus</strong> on Words COLLECTING WORDS a. Everyday words take your time, relax, take it easy, I didn’t mean that,... b.These words are often used by children. Do you know them? bunny, bye-byes, doggie, tummy-ache, All gone!, granny, piggy-wig, pussy, honey, din-dins WORDS IN USE Formal or informal? In the reading-room 1. Well, this reading room’s getting a bit crowded these days. I mean, it’s a bit on the small side anyway so on a rainy day you get all these people in sort of sheltering from the rain, Some of them have even nowhwre to sit, believe it or not. At a Police Registration - I understand I’m supposed to register. - Has your employer arranged for an extension? - Yes. I’ve been given three months. - Could I see your registration book, please? (M.Ockenden. Situational Dialogues) 50
Page 1 and 2: Ս. Բաղդասարյան, Ս. Գ
Page 3 and 4: world in which information can be e
Page 5 and 6: Fact File • China has become the
Page 7 and 8: 3. Translate into Armenian. 1. We h
Page 9 and 10: The interviewer: Yes, brain drain.
Page 11 and 12: Focus on Grammar H
Page 13 and 14: 4. Our new coach is popular... the
Page 15 and 16: Unit 2 Work Trends Before you read
Page 17 and 18: 1. Translate into Armenian. 1. We d
Page 19 and 20: Focus on Phonetics
Page 21 and 22: Fact file In Denmark teachers are a
Page 23 and 24: MIXED TENSES 4. Choose the right ve
Page 25 and 26: Willy Smith, the foreman, was quite
Page 27 and 28: c. What can the results of your eff
Page 29 and 30: abolish armies and to hold and prom
Page 31 and 32: and most obscurely, yet most powerf
Page 33 and 34: 3. If you set up home, this means t
Page 35 and 36: Have you ever tried to memorise som
Page 37 and 38: Sentence Connectors Explanation: Jo
Page 39 and 40: Check up 1 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
Page 41 and 42: 5. a person who flies an airplane 6
Page 43 and 44: Unit 4 Communication Before you rea
Page 45 and 46: 1. Insert words from the vocabulary
Page 47: Read the text and discuss the prove
Page 51 and 52: So what differentiates them? Left-h
Page 53 and 54: on the stage? What would happen? It
Page 55 and 56: A CUP OF TEA (the end of the story)
Page 57 and 58: 1. a. had to b. could c. should d.
Page 59 and 60: 3. In the US we say ‘hello’ and
Page 61 and 62: Deforestation. The removal of fores
Page 63 and 64: . Finish the sentences giving your
Page 65 and 66: of volcanoes. The Hawaiian Islands
Page 67 and 68: some of the oil in the water or tra
Page 69 and 70: 6. There floods recently in the Afr
Page 71 and 72: The most marketed-to generation in
Page 73 and 74: 1. Insert the words. 1. I spent all
Page 75 and 76: ARRANGING WORDS What can you buy in
Page 77 and 78: Focus on Phonetics
Page 79 and 80: custom colour customs (ëáíáñá
Page 81 and 82: Trouble spot Because is followed by
Page 83 and 84: In 1969 ARPANET, the original Inter
Page 85 and 86: 1. Insert the missing words. 1. San
Page 87 and 88: 2. Research scientists will find cu
Page 89 and 90: WORDS IN USE Insert the words: math
Page 91 and 92: Comprehension 1. Find the passage w
Page 93 and 94: 4. a. have graduated b. had graduat
Page 95 and 96: 4. Scientists consider this a uniqu
Page 97 and 98: c. They cannot stop looking at the
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6. Which of the sentences is the be
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Unit 8 Multiculturalism Monument to
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Focus on Words Col
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Hong Kong With skyscrapers that def
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planet. Understanding the religious
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Work on Words awe n a feeling of gr
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The poem then jumps fifty years int
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2. Insert the words dealing with, d
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1. a. each b. both c. by d. an 2. a
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UNIT 9 A Feeling of Style Literary
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Before you read 1. Do you enjoy an
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Reviewing Dickens Rising to greatne
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Pause. Ask a man a civil question h
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EMPHASIS Explanation: Inversion Inv
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UNIT 10 Inspiration And Creation DI
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Freelance photography involves gett
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every place where noisy skateboarde
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1. Read the following words and wri
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2.Very often in order to be express
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Focus on Grammar P
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5. a. “Isn’t art more satisfyin
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eliable source) tabloid, current af
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Read the text and answer the questi
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Read the text and discuss it. In ab
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Check up 3 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
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completely or disappear. Most of (7
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Gapped Text 8. Fill A-D into the nu
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Ծանոթություն` 1. Past S
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Table 8: Tense Chart Ժամանակ
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Past simple was/were + participle I
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Table 14: Nouns (Գոյական) A
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Անդրադարձ (Reflexive) Շե
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Գերադրական (Superlative)
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3. Եթե խնդիր երկրորդ
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e back վերադառնալ be in
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lie lay lain պառկել light lit
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Some criticize the idea that humans
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VOCABULARY 1 A abolish [@¹bOlIS] v
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civilization [ ¹ sIvIlaI¹zeISn] n
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describe [dIs¹kraIb] v նկարա
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famous [feIm@s] a հայտնի farc
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intelligence [In¹telIdZ@ns] n խե
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occurrence [@¹kör@ns] n պատա
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eference [ ¹ refr@ns] n մեջբե
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talent [ ¹ t{l@nt] n տաղանդ
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Contents Unit 1 Modern world: Globa
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