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an uncontrollable wish to shop. They are called shopaholics. During holiday seasons, like Christmas, a lot of people get “shop-till-you-drop” fever. Where to shop? In every city there are commercial zones. These are usually downtowns. Shopping centres are collection of stores such as shopping malls, town squares, flea markets and bazaars. Stores sell a selected set of goods or services. They can be from cheap to pricey. Retail shops. specialize in the selling of goods related to a theme include bookstores, boutiques, candy shops, gift shops, hardware stores, hobby stores, pet stores, pharmacies, supermarkets. Other stores such as big-box stores, hypermarkets, convenience stores, department stores, general stores, dollar sell a wider variety of products not related to each others. In antique shops, the public can find goods that are older and harder to find. Second-hand. Some shops sell second-hand goods. In case of nonprofit shops, the public donates goods to these shops, commonly known as thrift stores in the USA or charity shop in the UK. College students are known to resell books back through college textbook bookstore. In give-away shops goods can be taken for free. Many shops are part of a shopping centre that carry the same trademark (company name) and logo using the same branding. They sell the same products but in different places. Shopping time. Some businesses have shopping hours, but some are open roundthe-clock. Did you know? “Ritty’s Timely Cashier”. It was 1878 in Dayton, Ohio saloon owner James Ritty was not a happy man. He suspected that members of his staff were stealing from his business by taking customer cash and pocketing it. Unfortunately, Ritty had no way of proving that shoplifting is becoming a problem. The next year he did. With the help of his brother, Ritty invented and patented the first mechanical cash register. <strong>Focus</strong> on Words COLLECTING WORDS Types of shops: shopping malls/centres/hubs/stores/a chain of stores/retail/ book/ hobby, convenience/general/, department stores/big box stores/pharmacics/boutiques/ ready-made clothes/stationary shop/second-hand/give away/non-profit/antique/pawn/ corner shop/candy gift/ markets: flea market/supermarket/hypermarket/bazaar/ price: go up/down;/cheap/expensive/inexpensive/costly/profitable/reasonable/ high/sky high, trademark/logo/brand/franchising people: customer/shopper/shop assistant shopping: home shopping/go shopping/do the shopping/shopping list goods: a variety of goods; buy/purchase goods/discount/sale/on sale size, quality 75
ARRANGING WORDS What can you buy in food stores? confectionary, dairy, grocery, greengrocery, bakery WORDS IN USE a. Where will you buy clothes? food? household things? socks? toys? presents? b. Insert the words: marketing, pressures of commerce, the latest fashion, electronic communication, whatever, fads. - The tendency of young people today to give in to the ... and industry, and to buy ... companies want them to buy, is saddening. Whether it is mobile phones, MP3 players, the latest fashion or, dare I say it the Internet – aren’t all these things just crazies that cost a lot of money and are bad for young people today? When we were young, things used to be different. We had time for each other, we would go for walks and enjoy nature, and we would spend hours reading good books. How is the world going to develop if the only things young people are interested in are ... and ...? All I can say is that I’m deeply concerned, and 1 hope teachers are aware of the dangers of technology and the modern world, and influence children to turn more towards the things that really matter! LISTENING Listen to the text “A bargain is a bargain” and find the answers to the questions. 1. Do you understand the title of the text? 2. What is a psychological price? 3. Why is it called so? 4. What is meant by hagg ling? PRESENTATION The gradual change in diet among newly prosperous population is the most important factor underpinning the rise in global food prices. From 1950 to 1984, as the Green Revolution transformed agriculture around the world, grain production increased by over 250%. The world population has grown by about 4 billion since the beginning of the Green Revolution and most believe that, Food security 76
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Ս. Բաղդասարյան, Ս. Գ
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world in which information can be e
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Fact File • China has become the
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3. Translate into Armenian. 1. We h
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The interviewer: Yes, brain drain.
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Focus on Grammar H
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4. Our new coach is popular... the
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Unit 2 Work Trends Before you read
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1. Translate into Armenian. 1. We d
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Focus on Phonetics
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Fact file In Denmark teachers are a
Page 23 and 24: MIXED TENSES 4. Choose the right ve
Page 25 and 26: Willy Smith, the foreman, was quite
Page 27 and 28: c. What can the results of your eff
Page 29 and 30: abolish armies and to hold and prom
Page 31 and 32: and most obscurely, yet most powerf
Page 33 and 34: 3. If you set up home, this means t
Page 35 and 36: Have you ever tried to memorise som
Page 37 and 38: Sentence Connectors Explanation: Jo
Page 39 and 40: Check up 1 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
Page 41 and 42: 5. a person who flies an airplane 6
Page 43 and 44: Unit 4 Communication Before you rea
Page 45 and 46: 1. Insert words from the vocabulary
Page 47 and 48: Read the text and discuss the prove
Page 49 and 50: Formal speech: Due to a period of h
Page 51 and 52: So what differentiates them? Left-h
Page 53 and 54: on the stage? What would happen? It
Page 55 and 56: A CUP OF TEA (the end of the story)
Page 57 and 58: 1. a. had to b. could c. should d.
Page 59 and 60: 3. In the US we say ‘hello’ and
Page 61 and 62: Deforestation. The removal of fores
Page 63 and 64: . Finish the sentences giving your
Page 65 and 66: of volcanoes. The Hawaiian Islands
Page 67 and 68: some of the oil in the water or tra
Page 69 and 70: 6. There floods recently in the Afr
Page 71 and 72: The most marketed-to generation in
Page 73: 1. Insert the words. 1. I spent all
Page 77 and 78: Focus on Phonetics
Page 79 and 80: custom colour customs (ëáíáñá
Page 81 and 82: Trouble spot Because is followed by
Page 83 and 84: In 1969 ARPANET, the original Inter
Page 85 and 86: 1. Insert the missing words. 1. San
Page 87 and 88: 2. Research scientists will find cu
Page 89 and 90: WORDS IN USE Insert the words: math
Page 91 and 92: Comprehension 1. Find the passage w
Page 93 and 94: 4. a. have graduated b. had graduat
Page 95 and 96: 4. Scientists consider this a uniqu
Page 97 and 98: c. They cannot stop looking at the
Page 99 and 100: 6. Which of the sentences is the be
Page 101 and 102: Unit 8 Multiculturalism Monument to
Page 103 and 104: Focus on Words Col
Page 105 and 106: Hong Kong With skyscrapers that def
Page 107 and 108: planet. Understanding the religious
Page 109 and 110: Work on Words awe n a feeling of gr
Page 111 and 112: The poem then jumps fifty years int
Page 113 and 114: 2. Insert the words dealing with, d
Page 115 and 116: 1. a. each b. both c. by d. an 2. a
Page 117 and 118: UNIT 9 A Feeling of Style Literary
Page 119 and 120: Before you read 1. Do you enjoy an
Page 121 and 122: Reviewing Dickens Rising to greatne
Page 123 and 124: Pause. Ask a man a civil question h
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EMPHASIS Explanation: Inversion Inv
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UNIT 10 Inspiration And Creation DI
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Freelance photography involves gett
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every place where noisy skateboarde
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1. Read the following words and wri
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2.Very often in order to be express
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Focus on Grammar P
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5. a. “Isn’t art more satisfyin
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eliable source) tabloid, current af
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Read the text and answer the questi
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Read the text and discuss it. In ab
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Check up 3 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
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completely or disappear. Most of (7
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Gapped Text 8. Fill A-D into the nu
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Ծանոթություն` 1. Past S
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Table 8: Tense Chart Ժամանակ
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Past simple was/were + participle I
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Table 14: Nouns (Գոյական) A
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Անդրադարձ (Reflexive) Շե
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Գերադրական (Superlative)
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3. Եթե խնդիր երկրորդ
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e back վերադառնալ be in
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lie lay lain պառկել light lit
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Some criticize the idea that humans
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VOCABULARY 1 A abolish [@¹bOlIS] v
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civilization [ ¹ sIvIlaI¹zeISn] n
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describe [dIs¹kraIb] v նկարա
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famous [feIm@s] a հայտնի farc
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intelligence [In¹telIdZ@ns] n խե
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occurrence [@¹kör@ns] n պատա
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eference [ ¹ refr@ns] n մեջբե
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talent [ ¹ t{l@nt] n տաղանդ
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Contents Unit 1 Modern world: Globa
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