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stir v clamour n timid a disgust n continue to say that something is true, even if other people do not believe you: The company maintains that the medicine is safe. She maintains that she is not guilty. Syn. assert 6. to provide sb with money and other things that they need in order to live: He was earning barely enough to maintain himself. 1. to move food around in a dish or pan using a spoon or other object: stir well /thoroughly. Stir the sauce gently over a low heat. Add the cream and stir thoroughly. 2 to mix a drink by moving it around with a spoon. 3. to mix a substance such as paint by moving it around with an object like a stick. 4. stir or stir up to make sb feel upset or angry: stir anger/ hatred/fears. The murder stirred a lot of ill feeling in the community. The latest economic fi gures stirred fears of growing crisis. 5. stir or stir up to make sb enthusiastic about sth: stir hopes/excitement/interest. Seeing George stirred old memories in me. 6. to move or be moved slightly because of the wind: The white curtains stirred gently in the summer breeze. 7. (Br. informal) to say things on purpose in order to cause trouble: Stop stirring! 1. a request for sth by a lot of people: There is a lot of clamour for a ban of genetically modifi ed food. 2. a very loud noise made by a lot of people or things: I couldn’t hear anything above the clamour of the crowd. shy and easily frightened: as timid as a rabbit. timidly adv. (at) strong dislikefor sth/sb that one feels is not right or sth that looks, smells, etc. unpleasant: The idea of smoking fi lls me with disgust. disgust v: We were shocked and disgusted by their style of living. Phrasal verbs with SET set about set aside set back set in set off set out set up start doing sth: We set about cleaning the fl at and had it done before lunchtime. reserve for later use: The workers set aside some money for their lunchtime. 1. slow down the progress: A change of government would set back the process of health reform. 2. cost: The car repairs set me back eight hundred pounds. change season noticeably: Spring has set in: it’s getting warmer day by day. 1. begin a journey, a trip: They set off early in the morning. begin (a journey, etc,): They set out early in the motning. 1. start business or an organisation: They set up a new computer selling company. 2. prepare equipment, software etc for use: The technician set up the computer network perfectly: 3. erect 1. Decide if the phrasal verbs are understood properly. 1. If you have just set off on a trip, this means you have just finished it. 2. If you have set up a company, this means that you have closed your company down. 33
3. If you set up home, this means that you have become homeless. 4. If your journey is set back, this means that it takes you longer than you expected. 5. If some bad weather has set in, this means the bad weather has started and become permanent. 6. If you set aside some money, this means that you spend it. 7. If you set about doing something, this means you have finished doing it. 2. Choose the correct word. 1. They set in/back/on/out/off/up on their trip around India last week. 2. Soon after they’d got married, they set in/back/on/out/off/up home in Leeds. 3. It’s been snowing for two days now; winter has set in/on/out/off/up. 4. A house like that would set you in/back/on/out/off/up at least a million pounds. 5. She set in/back/on/out/off/up her own company 10 years ago. 6. The journey was set in/back/on/out/off/up because of the nasty weather. 3. Insert the words from the vocabulary. 1. The old house ... unpleasant memories in him. 2. A feeling of excitement ....in her. 3. Feeling that she was guilty she looked at him .... 4. He was laid off and had to think how ... himself. 5. A sense of hope began ... in him on hearing the news. 6. A gentle breeze ...the leaves. 7. The house is large and difficult to .... 8. It ... me to see him beat his wife. 4. Find synonyms in the text to the words given below. noise, peaceful, keep, defend, shy, stillness, hate, assert, create DISCUSSION POINT Military career I am in the Army 1. What is that man’s job? 2. Does this job attract you? Why? Why not? 3. Life in the army is difficult, isn’t it? Do you train to join it? Growing into a man Monday, 25 December I feel really excited! Here I am at last! In the Commandos Training Centre! There are thirty of us. Today was really difficult. It began with exercises. They made us do eighty-five sit-ups in two minutes, forty jumpy jumps in a minute, and run 300 metres in forty-one seconds ... and that was just the start. Then it was the famous Tarsan course - climbing ropes high in the air. If we fell off, they made us do it again, and again and again ... 34
Page 1 and 2: Ս. Բաղդասարյան, Ս. Գ
Page 3 and 4: world in which information can be e
Page 5 and 6: Fact File • China has become the
Page 7 and 8: 3. Translate into Armenian. 1. We h
Page 9 and 10: The interviewer: Yes, brain drain.
Page 11 and 12: Focus on Grammar H
Page 13 and 14: 4. Our new coach is popular... the
Page 15 and 16: Unit 2 Work Trends Before you read
Page 17 and 18: 1. Translate into Armenian. 1. We d
Page 19 and 20: Focus on Phonetics
Page 21 and 22: Fact file In Denmark teachers are a
Page 23 and 24: MIXED TENSES 4. Choose the right ve
Page 25 and 26: Willy Smith, the foreman, was quite
Page 27 and 28: c. What can the results of your eff
Page 29 and 30: abolish armies and to hold and prom
Page 31: and most obscurely, yet most powerf
Page 35 and 36: Have you ever tried to memorise som
Page 37 and 38: Sentence Connectors Explanation: Jo
Page 39 and 40: Check up 1 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
Page 41 and 42: 5. a person who flies an airplane 6
Page 43 and 44: Unit 4 Communication Before you rea
Page 45 and 46: 1. Insert words from the vocabulary
Page 47 and 48: Read the text and discuss the prove
Page 49 and 50: Formal speech: Due to a period of h
Page 51 and 52: So what differentiates them? Left-h
Page 53 and 54: on the stage? What would happen? It
Page 55 and 56: A CUP OF TEA (the end of the story)
Page 57 and 58: 1. a. had to b. could c. should d.
Page 59 and 60: 3. In the US we say ‘hello’ and
Page 61 and 62: Deforestation. The removal of fores
Page 63 and 64: . Finish the sentences giving your
Page 65 and 66: of volcanoes. The Hawaiian Islands
Page 67 and 68: some of the oil in the water or tra
Page 69 and 70: 6. There floods recently in the Afr
Page 71 and 72: The most marketed-to generation in
Page 73 and 74: 1. Insert the words. 1. I spent all
Page 75 and 76: ARRANGING WORDS What can you buy in
Page 77 and 78: Focus on Phonetics
Page 79 and 80: custom colour customs (ëáíáñá
Page 81 and 82: Trouble spot Because is followed by
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In 1969 ARPANET, the original Inter
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1. Insert the missing words. 1. San
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2. Research scientists will find cu
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WORDS IN USE Insert the words: math
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Comprehension 1. Find the passage w
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4. a. have graduated b. had graduat
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4. Scientists consider this a uniqu
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c. They cannot stop looking at the
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6. Which of the sentences is the be
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Unit 8 Multiculturalism Monument to
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Focus on Words Col
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Hong Kong With skyscrapers that def
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planet. Understanding the religious
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Work on Words awe n a feeling of gr
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The poem then jumps fifty years int
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2. Insert the words dealing with, d
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1. a. each b. both c. by d. an 2. a
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UNIT 9 A Feeling of Style Literary
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Before you read 1. Do you enjoy an
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Reviewing Dickens Rising to greatne
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Pause. Ask a man a civil question h
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EMPHASIS Explanation: Inversion Inv
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UNIT 10 Inspiration And Creation DI
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Freelance photography involves gett
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every place where noisy skateboarde
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1. Read the following words and wri
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2.Very often in order to be express
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Focus on Grammar P
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5. a. “Isn’t art more satisfyin
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eliable source) tabloid, current af
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Read the text and answer the questi
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Read the text and discuss it. In ab
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Check up 3 HOW GOOD IS YOUR ENGLISH
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completely or disappear. Most of (7
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Gapped Text 8. Fill A-D into the nu
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Ծանոթություն` 1. Past S
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Table 8: Tense Chart Ժամանակ
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Past simple was/were + participle I
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Table 14: Nouns (Գոյական) A
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Անդրադարձ (Reflexive) Շե
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Գերադրական (Superlative)
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3. Եթե խնդիր երկրորդ
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e back վերադառնալ be in
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lie lay lain պառկել light lit
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Some criticize the idea that humans
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VOCABULARY 1 A abolish [@¹bOlIS] v
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civilization [ ¹ sIvIlaI¹zeISn] n
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describe [dIs¹kraIb] v նկարա
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famous [feIm@s] a հայտնի farc
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intelligence [In¹telIdZ@ns] n խե
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occurrence [@¹kör@ns] n պատա
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eference [ ¹ refr@ns] n մեջբե
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talent [ ¹ t{l@nt] n տաղանդ
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Contents Unit 1 Modern world: Globa
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