Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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“leakage,” difficulty in accurately monitoring improved performance,permanence or the need to ensure that forests that have contributed toemissions reduction remain intact over time.• Scale – National, sub-national or on a per project basis? How abouta regional approach? If REDD is done on a sub-national basis or on aper-project basis, leakage in other areas might cancel out emissionsreductions that have been gained. The same case with forests whichcut across national boundaries, e.g., Congo Basin, Mekong Region, etc.For example, REDD gains achieved in the Democratic Republic of Congowill be canceled out if deforestation continues in Cameroon; gains inVietnam can be canceled out if the forests of Cambodia get deforested.For indigenous peoples, however, sub-national scale and project-scale ismore appropriate because their territories are usually at a sub-nationallevel. If the scale is just national, then there is a big risk that they will beexcluded in decision-making.• Definition of forests and of forest degradation - What are forests?Are plantations considered forests? Is the FAO definition of forestsacceptable? What other definitions can be used, if FAO definition is notgood enough? Are peat or mangrove forests included in REDD? What isforest degradation?• Role of the UNDRIP in the design, implementation and monitoringof REDD – The UNDRIP has to be one of the main policy frameworkswhich will underpin the design, implementation and monitoring ofREDD. This means that REDD projects should respect the UNDRIP. Howwill this be ensured?What is the Phased Approach for REDD+?How does this relate to funding?This proposal was presented by Norway and has gained support from manytropical forest countries and donor countries. It delineates which part ofthe REDD work will be funded by public funds and from market-basedfunds. The key principles are:• effectiveness - Is it achieving emissions reductions?• efficiency - Is the target achieved with the least cost?• equity and multiple benefits - Are benefits distributed equitably and arethe other benefits, i.e., biodiversity conservation, rights of indigenouspeoples' respected, among others, also achieved?Phase 1 – Building a REDD+ Strategy• Also called Readiness Phase where countries who volunteer to doREDD will lay the basic foundations on the ground. This means94 <strong>Guide</strong> on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples
designing REDD architecture with the involvement of stakeholders andrights holders, such as indigenous peoples and local communities. Drivers of deforestation will be identified and strategies to addressthese will be agreed upon. Institutions are established to address REDD+ and interagencymechanisms put in place for coordination and complementation. Capacities of such institutions will be further enhanced. Social and environmental impact assessments will be undertakenand measures to address adverse impacts will be identified andundertaken. Strategy for REDD+ will then be developed followed by animplementation plan.The FCPF and the UN-REDDProgramme are already doing thisreadiness phase and are providing fundsin the form of grants. From the meetingsof the UN-REDD Programme’s PolicyBoard and the FCPF’s ParticipantsCommittee, there is common agreementon the key areas of work for Phase 1. This phase will mainly besupported through grants from donor countries.This sub phase is wherereduced emissions fromdeforestation and forestdegradation will be paid.Phase 2: Implementation of the REDD+ Strategy and Plan of activitiesThis phase will have two components. One will be Capacity Building andthe other is the establishment of an incentive system to reward emissionsreductions resulting from REDD+.a. Capacity Building or Enhancement• Involves institution building and establishing or reforming policies, legalframeworks and programmes.• Will include developing needed legal frameworks which address issuesof land tenure, changes needed in law and policy to address the driversof deforestation, identifying what institutions have to be set up and howto build the capacities and legitimacy of these.• Entry of the Forest Investment Program will be in this stage which itcalls “transformational programs.” Funds for this sub-phase will stillmainly be grants from developed country donors.b. Establishment of incentive system to reward emissions reductionsresulting from REDD+.• This is where payments for emissions reductions will be made and willbe measured through proxies. The establishment of reference emissionslevels and reference levels (which include emissions and removals) iscrucial for this sub-phase.PART V: REDD/REDD+ and Indigenous Peoples 95
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Guide on Climate C
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• Our ancestors and we, the prese
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effect. As humans emit more carbon
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affected by industrial and other em
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What is Joint Implementation (JI)?J
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Endnotes:1 Greenhouse gases which a
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y forced use of heavily contaminate
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• Incessant rains in high altitud
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vulnerable to environmental degrada
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• The IPCC Fourth Assessment Repo
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BuildingsIndustryAgricultureForestr
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• For indigenous peoples: indigen
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Box 2Mt. Elgon National Park in Uga
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harvested, these shouldbe transport
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Box 4Western Arnhem Fire Management
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of climate change. Thus, there isa
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• Focus - Urgent and immediate ne
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activities according to the obligat
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• Some supplement their subsisten
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Page 58 and 59: Part VREDD/REDD+and Indigenous Peop
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Page 62 and 63: sequestration, ensure soilfertility
Page 64 and 65: 4What are the mitigation optionsund
Page 66 and 67: governance of forests (e.g., Tropic
Page 68 and 69: UNPFII 7th Session Recommendations
Page 70 and 71: ecommendation on the needto respect
Page 72 and 73: Mechanisms and Trust Funds of the F
Page 74 and 75: R-PP - ReadinessPreparation Proposa
Page 76 and 77: UNPFII 7th Session Report recommend
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Page 80 and 81: peoples, local communities and wome
Page 82 and 83: Aims of UN-REDDTo assist developing
Page 84 and 85: Key document underpinningUN-REDD Pr
Page 86 and 87: continue their unsustainable and hi
Page 88 and 89: 10On the other hand, what are theop
Page 90 and 91: strengthen the implementation of UN
Page 92 and 93: 11What is an example of an indigeno
Page 94 and 95: Photo credit: AMAN.Regulation on Re
Page 96 and 97: Photo credit: AMAN.including indige
Page 98 and 99: • Conclusion: This case study sho
Page 100 and 101: • This workshop, held in March200
Page 102 and 103: What are the key issues beingnegoti
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Page 108 and 109: 18 This is a document entitled “C
Page 110 and 111: 2Why is Biodiversityimportant?The v
Page 112 and 113: the territories in which indigenous
Page 114 and 115: integrated with other strategies su
Page 116 and 117: 10Why should traditional knowledgeo
Page 118 and 119: Endnotes:1 Secretariat of the Conve
Page 120 and 121: Some of the impacts are as follows:
Page 122 and 123: increase 6 and limit their chances
Page 124 and 125: 4How are mitigating measures on cli
Page 126 and 127: Uganda were also transformed intosu
Page 128 and 129: 1What is the Bali Roadmap 1 and the
Page 130 and 131: 3What were the key developments in
Page 132 and 133: work in Copenhagen in 2009.” 6•
Page 134 and 135: • At SBSTA30 held in the 2nd Bonn
Page 136 and 137: “Post-Kyoto” or “Copenhagen P
Page 138 and 139: Role of the USin mitigationand trea
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Page 142 and 143: TechnologyDefinition oftechnologytr
Page 144 and 145: Legal form ofoutcome andtracks- Mos
Page 146 and 147: Trade andClimate- Stronglyagainstun
Page 148 and 149: 6Why are these negotiations relevan
Page 150 and 151: Part IXWays Forward: The UNDeclarat
Page 152 and 153: esource rights, as well asits use a
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Participation and Inclusion: Every
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4. Enhance and deepen our understan
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funds like the BioCarbon Fund shoul
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AnnexesANNEX AUNITED NATIONS FRAMEW
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economically in their own right and
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consideration.3. The Parties should
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objective. These Parties may implem
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(g) Countries with areas with fragi
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(e) Assess, on the basis of all inf
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(b) Prepare scientific assessments
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eferred to in subparagraph (a) imme
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8. The provisions of this Article s
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Article 20SIGNATUREThis Convention
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Article 26AUTHENTIC TEXTSThe origin
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New ZealandNorwayPortugalSpainSwede
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(c)country Parties, while ensuring
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2. Decides that the process shall b
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ANNEX CThe Anchorage Declaration24
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climate change.5. All initiatives u
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ANNEX DGlobal Consultation on REDD
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REDD Funds24. Tie funding to compli
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2. September 15: Facilitator circul
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Some references on Climate Changean
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Manaus declaration / Declaración d
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Websites:Australia’s Internationa
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IN20- Nitrous OxideILOIPACCIPCCIPRI
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196 Guide on Clima
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Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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