Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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• The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)which concluded that climate change is“accelerating” and is “unequivocal” statedthat action on climate change must beginimmediately to avoid irreversible damage.The Stern Report reinforced this view andadded that based on economic analysis,“Building Blocks” identified by UNFCCC1. Mitigation2. Adaptation3. Provision of financial resources tosupport mitigation and adaptationand the shift towards a low-carbondevelopment pathway4. Development and transfer of climatefriendly technologies.Stern Report- 700-page reportreleased onOctober 30, 2006by economist LordNicholas Stern for theBritish government,which discusses theeffects of climatechange and globalwarming on the worldeconomy.Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stern_Review.Note: Since Bali, another item, “shared vision,”is referred to by some parties as a new buildingblock.the costs of preventingclimate change aresignificantly lower thanthe costs of the damageif no action is taken.• The principles ofequity and commonbut differentiatedresponsibilities as keyguiding principles forclimate change policieshave been reiterated bydeveloping countries inBali and the climate talksheld in Bangkok (April1-4, 2008). Article 3.1 ofUNFCCC states:That the Parties shouldprotect the climatesystem for the benefitof present and futureSpecial Funds establishedby the UNFCCCSpecial Climate Change Fund- will finance projects relating tocapacity-building, adaptation,technology transfer, climatechange mitigation and economicdiversification for countries highlydependent on income from fossilfuels.Least Developed Countries Fund- intended to support a special workprogramme to assist the LDCs.Adaptation Fund - will financepractical adaptation projectsand programmes in developingcountries and support capacitybuildingactivities. It will be fundedfrom the adaptation levy on CDMprojects. Parties may contribute aswell.24 <strong>Guide</strong> on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples
generations of humankind on the basis of equity and in accordancewith their common but differentiated responsibilities and respectivecapacities. Accordingly, the Parties of developed countries should takethe lead in combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof.• The contribution of countries to climate change and their capacity toprevent and cope with its consequences vary significantly. The UNFCCCtherefore calls for financial assistance from countries with moreresources to those less endowed and more vulnerable.• The UNFCCC assigned operation of the financial mechanism to theGlobal Environment Facility. The financial mechanism is accountableto the COP, which decides on its climate change policies, programmepriorities, and eligibility criteria for funding.3What are the Market-based Mechanismsfor Mitigating Climate Change accordingto the Kyoto Protocol?*• These market-based mitigation mechanisms agreed upon in theKyoto Protocal which will be implemented by Annex 1 (A1) Parties(industrialized countries) include the Clean Development Mechanism(CDM), Emissions Trading (ET) and Joint Implementation (JI).• These market mechanisms seek to lower the costs of achievingemissions targets. The CDM allows A1 Parties to invest in projectsin non-Annex I Parties that reduce emissions or that enhance sinksthrough afforestation or reforestation. The A1 Party can then usecredits generated by these projects toward meeting its emission target.Similarly, through JI, A1 Parties can receive credit for investing in projectsin other A1 Parties. Finally, emission trading allows A1 Parties to tradecredits or emission allowances among themselves.Key Mitigation Technologies and Practices Currently Commercially Available 1SectorEnergy SupplyTransportImproved supply and distribution efficiency; fuel switching from coalto gas; nuclear power; renewable heat and power (hydropower,solar, wind, geothermal and bioenergy); combined heat and power;early applications of CCS (e.g., storage of removed CO 2 fromnatural gas).More fuel efficient vehicles; biofuels; modal shifts from roadtransport to rail and public transport systems; non-motorizedtransport (cycling, walking); land-use and transport planning.* See page 6 for more discussions on these mechanisms.PART III: Climate Change Mitigation Measures: Impacts on Indigenous Peoples 25
Page 4: Guide on Climate C
Page 9: • Our ancestors and we, the prese
Page 13 and 14: effect. As humans emit more carbon
Page 15: affected by industrial and other em
Page 18 and 19: What is Joint Implementation (JI)?J
Page 20: Endnotes:1 Greenhouse gases which a
Page 26 and 27: y forced use of heavily contaminate
Page 28: • Incessant rains in high altitud
Page 32 and 33: vulnerable to environmental degrada
Page 36 and 37: BuildingsIndustryAgricultureForestr
Page 38 and 39: • For indigenous peoples: indigen
Page 40 and 41: Box 2Mt. Elgon National Park in Uga
Page 42 and 43: harvested, these shouldbe transport
Page 44 and 45: Box 4Western Arnhem Fire Management
Page 46 and 47: of climate change. Thus, there isa
Page 48 and 49: • Focus - Urgent and immediate ne
Page 50 and 51: activities according to the obligat
Page 52 and 53: • Some supplement their subsisten
Page 54 and 55: Aside from the cases presented abov
Page 56 and 57: ExchangeResourcemanagement• Using
Page 58 and 59: Part VREDD/REDD+and Indigenous Peop
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2. Annual Global Emissions f
Page 62 and 63: sequestration, ensure soilfertility
Page 64 and 65: 4What are the mitigation optionsund
Page 66 and 67: governance of forests (e.g., Tropic
Page 68 and 69: UNPFII 7th Session Recommendations
Page 70 and 71: ecommendation on the needto respect
Page 72 and 73: Mechanisms and Trust Funds of the F
Page 74 and 75: R-PP - ReadinessPreparation Proposa
Page 76 and 77: UNPFII 7th Session Report recommend
Page 78 and 79: conservation and sustainableuse of
Page 80 and 81: peoples, local communities and wome
Page 82 and 83: Aims of UN-REDDTo assist developing
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Key document underpinningUN-REDD Pr
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continue their unsustainable and hi
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10On the other hand, what are theop
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strengthen the implementation of UN
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11What is an example of an indigeno
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Photo credit: AMAN.Regulation on Re
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Photo credit: AMAN.including indige
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• Conclusion: This case study sho
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• This workshop, held in March200
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What are the key issues beingnegoti
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“leakage,” difficulty in accura
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• Proxy means that simplified but
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18 This is a document entitled “C
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2Why is Biodiversityimportant?The v
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the territories in which indigenous
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integrated with other strategies su
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10Why should traditional knowledgeo
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Endnotes:1 Secretariat of the Conve
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Some of the impacts are as follows:
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increase 6 and limit their chances
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4How are mitigating measures on cli
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Uganda were also transformed intosu
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1What is the Bali Roadmap 1 and the
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3What were the key developments in
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work in Copenhagen in 2009.” 6•
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• At SBSTA30 held in the 2nd Bonn
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“Post-Kyoto” or “Copenhagen P
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Role of the USin mitigationand trea
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Finance andtechnology(overall)- Con
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TechnologyDefinition oftechnologytr
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Legal form ofoutcome andtracks- Mos
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Trade andClimate- Stronglyagainstun
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6Why are these negotiations relevan
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Part IXWays Forward: The UNDeclarat
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esource rights, as well asits use a
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Participation and Inclusion: Every
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4. Enhance and deepen our understan
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funds like the BioCarbon Fund shoul
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AnnexesANNEX AUNITED NATIONS FRAMEW
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economically in their own right and
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consideration.3. The Parties should
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objective. These Parties may implem
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(g) Countries with areas with fragi
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(e) Assess, on the basis of all inf
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(b) Prepare scientific assessments
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eferred to in subparagraph (a) imme
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8. The provisions of this Article s
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Article 20SIGNATUREThis Convention
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Article 26AUTHENTIC TEXTSThe origin
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New ZealandNorwayPortugalSpainSwede
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(c)country Parties, while ensuring
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2. Decides that the process shall b
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ANNEX CThe Anchorage Declaration24
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climate change.5. All initiatives u
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ANNEX DGlobal Consultation on REDD
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REDD Funds24. Tie funding to compli
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2. September 15: Facilitator circul
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Some references on Climate Changean
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Manaus declaration / Declaración d
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Websites:Australia’s Internationa
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IN20- Nitrous OxideILOIPACCIPCCIPRI
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196 Guide on Clima
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Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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