Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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sequestration, ensure soilfertility, create rain, moderateweather conditions andprotect biodiversity should beincentivized.• While deforestation andforest degradation contributesubstantial amounts of GHGsto the atmosphere annually,measures to protect, restore,and sustainably manage forestsoffer significant climate changemitigation potential: Conserving existing forestswill keep emissions from3The Bali ActionPlan (BAP) called for:Policy approaches and positiveincentives on issues relating toreducing emissions from deforestationand forest degradation in developingcountries; and the role ofconservation, sustainable managementof forests and enhancement of forestcarbon stocks in developing countries.-[FCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1], 14March 2008; Decision 1/CP.13/(BAP), paragraph 1(b)(iii)deforestation out of the atmosphere.Restoring forests through planting trees or facilitating the naturalregeneration of trees will increase the amount of carbon that forestscan remove from the atmosphere and store in their biomass.Sustainably managing forests through measures such as reducedimpact logging and more strategic planning of road construction canhelp avoid emissions from forest degradation.How did REDD/REDD+ enterinto the UNFCCC?• In December 2005, the Coalition of Rainforest Nations led by CostaRica and Papua New Guinea presented a formal proposal for reducingGHG emission from deforestation to the Montreal 11th Conference ofthe Parties of the UNFCCC and 1st Meeting of the Parties to the KyotoProtocol (COP11/MOP1). 1 They proposed that compensation should beprovided for reduction in deforestation. COP then invited Parties andobservers to submit their views on issues related to REDD and theirrecommendations on further processes to consider the issue.• In this COP, several NGOs and scientists reiterated earlier calls forinclusion of forests under the KP’s market-based instruments. As a result,COP11 requested that SBSTA evaluate the issue of avoided deforestationand climate change mitigation and report back to UNFCCC COP13/MOP3in Bali in December 2007. The UNFCCC organized two internationalmeetings on avoided deforestation in July 2006 and March 2007. 2• In October 2006, economist Sir Nicholas Stern came out with the SternReview on Climate Change. He suggested that “avoided deforestationmeasures should be included in the post-2012 commitment period under52 <strong>Guide</strong> on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples
Kyoto, but urges that action to prevent deforestation on a large-scalemust be taken as soon as possible through pilot avoided deforestationschemes to test methodologies and iron out any remaining technicaland social difficulties.” 3• In 2007, the IPCC A4 wasreleased which included dataon the contributions of foreststo GHG emissions and the rolethat forests can contribute tomitigation.• In December 2007 at COP13/MOP3, the UNFCCC came outwith the Bali Action Plan [FCCC/CP/2007/6/Add.1*] that gavethe go-ahead to continuenegotiations by considering“Policy approaches and positiveincentives on issues relatingto reducing emissions fromdeforestation and forestdegradation in developingAvoided deforestationmeasures should be includedin the post-2012 commitmentperiod under Kyoto;Action to preventdeforestation on a large-scalemust be taken as soon aspossible through pilot avoideddeforestation schemes to testmethodologies and iron outany remaining technical andsocial difficulties.- Stern Review onClimate Changecountries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management offorests and enhancement of carbon stocks.”• The BAP formally listed REDD+ as one of the mitigation activities to meetemission targets and encouraged voluntary action on REDD+.• The final decision on whether and how REDD+ will become part of theclimate mitigation strategies will bemade at COP15 in Copenhagen. It wasin Bali where REDD+ became part of thebroader UNFCCC agenda.• In the meantime, pilot schemeson REDD+ are being undertaken andfunding mechanisms have been set upby multilateral bodies in anticipation ofthe inclusion of REDD in the post-2012commitment period. These initiativesare being undertaken by Parties,international financial institutions,the UN, private companies andconservation NGOs.PART V: REDD/REDD+ and Indigenous Peoples 53
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Guide on Climate C
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• Our ancestors and we, the prese
Page 13 and 14: effect. As humans emit more carbon
Page 15: affected by industrial and other em
Page 18 and 19: What is Joint Implementation (JI)?J
Page 20: Endnotes:1 Greenhouse gases which a
Page 26 and 27: y forced use of heavily contaminate
Page 28: • Incessant rains in high altitud
Page 32 and 33: vulnerable to environmental degrada
Page 34 and 35: • The IPCC Fourth Assessment Repo
Page 36 and 37: BuildingsIndustryAgricultureForestr
Page 38 and 39: • For indigenous peoples: indigen
Page 40 and 41: Box 2Mt. Elgon National Park in Uga
Page 42 and 43: harvested, these shouldbe transport
Page 44 and 45: Box 4Western Arnhem Fire Management
Page 46 and 47: of climate change. Thus, there isa
Page 48 and 49: • Focus - Urgent and immediate ne
Page 50 and 51: activities according to the obligat
Page 52 and 53: • Some supplement their subsisten
Page 54 and 55: Aside from the cases presented abov
Page 56 and 57: ExchangeResourcemanagement• Using
Page 58 and 59: Part VREDD/REDD+and Indigenous Peop
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2. Annual Global Emissions f
Page 64 and 65: 4What are the mitigation optionsund
Page 66 and 67: governance of forests (e.g., Tropic
Page 68 and 69: UNPFII 7th Session Recommendations
Page 70 and 71: ecommendation on the needto respect
Page 72 and 73: Mechanisms and Trust Funds of the F
Page 74 and 75: R-PP - ReadinessPreparation Proposa
Page 76 and 77: UNPFII 7th Session Report recommend
Page 78 and 79: conservation and sustainableuse of
Page 80 and 81: peoples, local communities and wome
Page 82 and 83: Aims of UN-REDDTo assist developing
Page 84 and 85: Key document underpinningUN-REDD Pr
Page 86 and 87: continue their unsustainable and hi
Page 88 and 89: 10On the other hand, what are theop
Page 90 and 91: strengthen the implementation of UN
Page 92 and 93: 11What is an example of an indigeno
Page 94 and 95: Photo credit: AMAN.Regulation on Re
Page 96 and 97: Photo credit: AMAN.including indige
Page 98 and 99: • Conclusion: This case study sho
Page 100 and 101: • This workshop, held in March200
Page 102 and 103: What are the key issues beingnegoti
Page 104 and 105: “leakage,” difficulty in accura
Page 106 and 107: • Proxy means that simplified but
Page 108 and 109: 18 This is a document entitled “C
Page 110 and 111: 2Why is Biodiversityimportant?The v
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the territories in which indigenous
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integrated with other strategies su
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10Why should traditional knowledgeo
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Endnotes:1 Secretariat of the Conve
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Some of the impacts are as follows:
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increase 6 and limit their chances
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4How are mitigating measures on cli
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Uganda were also transformed intosu
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1What is the Bali Roadmap 1 and the
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3What were the key developments in
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work in Copenhagen in 2009.” 6•
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• At SBSTA30 held in the 2nd Bonn
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“Post-Kyoto” or “Copenhagen P
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Role of the USin mitigationand trea
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Finance andtechnology(overall)- Con
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TechnologyDefinition oftechnologytr
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Legal form ofoutcome andtracks- Mos
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Trade andClimate- Stronglyagainstun
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6Why are these negotiations relevan
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Part IXWays Forward: The UNDeclarat
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esource rights, as well asits use a
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Participation and Inclusion: Every
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4. Enhance and deepen our understan
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funds like the BioCarbon Fund shoul
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AnnexesANNEX AUNITED NATIONS FRAMEW
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economically in their own right and
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consideration.3. The Parties should
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objective. These Parties may implem
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(g) Countries with areas with fragi
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(e) Assess, on the basis of all inf
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(b) Prepare scientific assessments
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eferred to in subparagraph (a) imme
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8. The provisions of this Article s
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Article 20SIGNATUREThis Convention
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Article 26AUTHENTIC TEXTSThe origin
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New ZealandNorwayPortugalSpainSwede
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(c)country Parties, while ensuring
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2. Decides that the process shall b
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ANNEX CThe Anchorage Declaration24
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climate change.5. All initiatives u
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ANNEX DGlobal Consultation on REDD
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REDD Funds24. Tie funding to compli
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2. September 15: Facilitator circul
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Some references on Climate Changean
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Manaus declaration / Declaración d
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Websites:Australia’s Internationa
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IN20- Nitrous OxideILOIPACCIPCCIPRI
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196 Guide on Clima
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Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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