Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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• Proxy means that simplified but conservative input assumptions areused to measure how emissions levels changed. For example if oneneeds to calculate how much emissions are saved because of reduceddeforestation, a default value for forest carbon concentration per hectarecan be used. In Brazil they are using 100tC per hectare.• Funding will be through ex-post payments. Total amount of carbonemissions reduced will be what will be paid for. The payments for thismay be: Market-linked - non-offset market funds which can come from:m levy on international aviation and maritimem levy from drivers of deforestation such as the logging andtimber industriesm auctioning of allowances under a self-contained cap and traderegime for international transport, and/orm pledge of a certain percentage of national auctioned emissionstrading allowances and a percentage of AAUs auctioned in theinternational market Market-based - fund is from the compliance carbon offset market.This has to be agreed upon yet at the UNFCCC negotiations.Phase 3: Payments for emissions reductions and removals which areverifiedThis is a more full-fledged implementation of Phase 2’s second component.Here, the national REDD strategy - designed with rights holders andstakeholders - will be fully implemented. This will be financed throughex-post payments for verified emissions reductions or removals measuredfrom an established baseline. This phase will be elaborated further at theUNFCCC negotiations.13 Conclusion• REDD+ is such a complex issue even if the idea seems very simple:Give rewards to those who are keeping their forests standing. In thebeginning, there was no discussion at all about indigenous peoples. Thecurrent state of the negotiations is a direct result of indigenous peoples’efforts to lobby negotiators.• This is not an issue on the divide between Parties - between north andsouth; or developed versus developing. But rather, the debate in theUNFCCC is directly linked to human rights and ecosystems approachwhich makes some governments very uncomfortable.96 <strong>Guide</strong> on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples
• The way indigenous peoples managed to put their rights and concernsinto the center of the REDD+ debate is a huge leap from where theUNFCCC was two years back. This has been done in partnership withgovernments and NGOs who are also concerned about how indigenouspeoples, rights and traditional knowledge have been kept out of theUNFCCC for so long.• What will happen in COP15 in relation to REDD+ will be determined bythe actions taken by indigenous peoples, themselves, and the way theywill relate with Parties who will make the final decisions.Endnotes:1 Tom Griffiths, “Seeing Red: Avoided Deforestation and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples andLocal Communities,” June 2007.2 Ibid., p. 3.3 Ibid.4 This position of rejecting the inclusion of sinks in the CDM is not a view shared by otherindigenous peoples’ organizations or communities. Some communities have entered into dealswith the voluntary carbon market and there are a few indigenous peoples who are engaged inreforestation and these projects have been accepted as part of the CDM. The full Declarationcan be downloaded from .5 See Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria and Aqqaluk Lynge, Impact of Climate Change MitigationMeasures on Indigenous Peoples and on Their Territories and Lands [E/C.19/2008/10]. This can bedownloaded from or from .6 Victoria Tauli-Corpuz, Statement to the COP’s SBSTA on Agenda Item 2: ReducingEmissions From Deforestation And Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (REDD):Approaches To Stimulate Action, 2 December 2008, Poznan, Poland at 5 January 2009.7 The consultation was co-organized with the UN-REDD Programme, UN University (UNU)and the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity with the support of the PackardFoundation.8 Full Report can be downloaded at .9 The First Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group (AHTEG) on climate change and biodiversity ofthe CBD was held from 17-21 November 2008 in London.10 Norwegian initiative that provides resources to the FCPF, FIP and the UN-REDD.11 World Bank, Forest Carbon Partnership Facility: A Framework for Piloting Activities toReduce Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation.12 13 Side event organized by Forest Peoples Programme, Tebtebba, IPACC and FPCI(Foundation for the Promotion of Indigenous Knowledge).14 Charter of the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility. Operating Principles, 3.1(d). Available at:15 Page 3, Paragraph 7 of the “Climate Investment Funds: Design Document for the ForestInvestment Program. A Targeted Program Under the SCF Trust Fund,” July 2, 2009.16 This meeting was convened in the first quarter of 2009.17 For the purpose of the FIP “indigenous peoples and local communities” includes tribalcommunities and implies equal emphasis on the rights of men and women.PART V: REDD/REDD+ and Indigenous Peoples 97
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Guide on Climate C
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• Our ancestors and we, the prese
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effect. As humans emit more carbon
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affected by industrial and other em
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What is Joint Implementation (JI)?J
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Endnotes:1 Greenhouse gases which a
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y forced use of heavily contaminate
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• Incessant rains in high altitud
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vulnerable to environmental degrada
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• The IPCC Fourth Assessment Repo
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BuildingsIndustryAgricultureForestr
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• For indigenous peoples: indigen
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Box 2Mt. Elgon National Park in Uga
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harvested, these shouldbe transport
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Box 4Western Arnhem Fire Management
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of climate change. Thus, there isa
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• Focus - Urgent and immediate ne
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activities according to the obligat
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• Some supplement their subsisten
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Aside from the cases presented abov
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Page 62 and 63: sequestration, ensure soilfertility
Page 64 and 65: 4What are the mitigation optionsund
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Page 68 and 69: UNPFII 7th Session Recommendations
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Page 72 and 73: Mechanisms and Trust Funds of the F
Page 74 and 75: R-PP - ReadinessPreparation Proposa
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Page 80 and 81: peoples, local communities and wome
Page 82 and 83: Aims of UN-REDDTo assist developing
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Page 88 and 89: 10On the other hand, what are theop
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Page 94 and 95: Photo credit: AMAN.Regulation on Re
Page 96 and 97: Photo credit: AMAN.including indige
Page 98 and 99: • Conclusion: This case study sho
Page 100 and 101: • This workshop, held in March200
Page 102 and 103: What are the key issues beingnegoti
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Page 110 and 111: 2Why is Biodiversityimportant?The v
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Page 114 and 115: integrated with other strategies su
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Page 118 and 119: Endnotes:1 Secretariat of the Conve
Page 120 and 121: Some of the impacts are as follows:
Page 122 and 123: increase 6 and limit their chances
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Page 132 and 133: work in Copenhagen in 2009.” 6•
Page 134 and 135: • At SBSTA30 held in the 2nd Bonn
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Page 138 and 139: Role of the USin mitigationand trea
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Page 142 and 143: TechnologyDefinition oftechnologytr
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Page 150 and 151: Part IXWays Forward: The UNDeclarat
Page 152 and 153: esource rights, as well asits use a
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4. Enhance and deepen our understan
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funds like the BioCarbon Fund shoul
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AnnexesANNEX AUNITED NATIONS FRAMEW
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economically in their own right and
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consideration.3. The Parties should
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objective. These Parties may implem
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(g) Countries with areas with fragi
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(e) Assess, on the basis of all inf
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(b) Prepare scientific assessments
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eferred to in subparagraph (a) imme
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8. The provisions of this Article s
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Article 20SIGNATUREThis Convention
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Article 26AUTHENTIC TEXTSThe origin
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New ZealandNorwayPortugalSpainSwede
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(c)country Parties, while ensuring
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2. Decides that the process shall b
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ANNEX CThe Anchorage Declaration24
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climate change.5. All initiatives u
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ANNEX DGlobal Consultation on REDD
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REDD Funds24. Tie funding to compli
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2. September 15: Facilitator circul
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Some references on Climate Changean
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Manaus declaration / Declaración d
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Websites:Australia’s Internationa
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IN20- Nitrous OxideILOIPACCIPCCIPRI
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196 Guide on Clima
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Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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