Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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harvested, these shouldbe transported to the millswithin 24 hours. If theydo not have their owntrucks to do this, whateverprofits they gain will go thepayments of these.• Health problems likeskin diseases, respiratoryproblems because of theuse of toxic fertilizersand pesticides and theshortage of water and toxiceffluence from mills thatprocess the crops haveincreased.• In several cases of carbonoffset projects, childrenand women are paid apittance to plant the seedsin the forests but are hiredon a very seasonal basis(see Box 3).3Environmental degradationincluding the erosion of biodiversityBox 3 (continued)developed as carbon offsets contribute to theerosion of biodiversity. Large-scale plantationeconomies form part of the story of the erosionand appropriation of indigenous peoples’subsistence base and territories and the alterationof their indigenous land tenure systems. 9• Plantations require large amounts of water andmills which process pulp and paper, as well asbiofuels, use up tons of freshwater and releasetoxic effluents to water bodies which are used byindigenous peoples for drinking and washing.from regenerating forests.However, subsequent interviews done by activistsin Madhya Pradesh found out that the Adivasicommunities in the Harda Forest Division werenot even aware of the CFI feasibility project, nordid they know of the concept of carbon forestry.Those who worked in planting trees were justhired on a seasonal basis. The wealth of local andwritten information exposing the problems withJFM in Madya Pradesh was not cited in studiesundertaken for the CFI feasibility project. TheCFI conclusions did not consider the views andperspectives of the range of social groups andrights holders who have expressed large scaleopposition to the existence of VFPCs and rejectedthis as a basis for forestry-related schemes in MP.Activists and Adivasi leaders in India fear that theimpacts of implementing carbon forestry wouldpose a great threat to indigenous communities.• The deforestation thathappens when newmonocrop plantations areThe UNPFIIprepared a reporton the impactof monocropplantations onindigenouspeoples, includingthose which areused as carbonoffsets. 1032 <strong>Guide</strong> on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples
4Reduction of forests as carbonforests under REDD underminesthe sustainable forest managementsystems of indigenous peoplesand threatens further the rights ofindigenous peoples to have accessand control of their forests.*• While Reducing Emissionsfrom Deforestation andForest Degradation(REDD), which is nowbeing proposed to bepart of the post 2012climate agreement, mayhave some opportunitiesfor indigenous peoples who live and depend on forests, the conceptand manner in which it is being shaped and implemented posesome problems which have to be addressed seriously.Indigenous peoples fear that they will be excluded oncemore from their forests as what has happened in theREDD – establishment of Forest Protected Areas in the past. IfReducing their forests are designated as carbon forests and areEmissions from used for emissions trading, there is a great possibilityDeforestationthat they will be prevented from practicing their ownand Foresttraditional forest management practices and to use theirDegradationforests for ceremonial purposes, shifting cultivation, assources of timber and non-timber forest products andmedicines, and other agro-forestry activities. *(See Chapter V: REDD/REDD+ and Indigenous Peoples for a detailed discussion, p. 48).•Cultural and Social ImpactsDisappearance of their5 traditional territorieswhich are the basis oftheir economic, social, cultural and spiritual systems, knowledgeand practices, due to sea-level rise, floods and erosion are the worstconsequences of climate change.• Many of the areas which will be covered by mitigation measurescoincide with cultural and sacred sites of indigenous peoples. Some ofthe spiritual and religious rites are not being practiced anymore becauseof their displacement from their lands and territories.6Are There PositiveExamples ofMitigationMeasures donein indigenouspeoples’ territories?NAILSMA - the Northern AustraliaIndigenous Peoples Land and SeaManagement Alliance - presents theirexperience on the Western ArnhemFire Management Agreement with theDarwin Liquefied Natural Gas:PART III: Climate Change Mitigation Measures: Impacts on Indigenous Peoples 33
Page 4: Guide on Climate C
Page 9: • Our ancestors and we, the prese
Page 13 and 14: effect. As humans emit more carbon
Page 15: affected by industrial and other em
Page 18 and 19: What is Joint Implementation (JI)?J
Page 20: Endnotes:1 Greenhouse gases which a
Page 26 and 27: y forced use of heavily contaminate
Page 28: • Incessant rains in high altitud
Page 32 and 33: vulnerable to environmental degrada
Page 34 and 35: • The IPCC Fourth Assessment Repo
Page 36 and 37: BuildingsIndustryAgricultureForestr
Page 38 and 39: • For indigenous peoples: indigen
Page 40 and 41: Box 2Mt. Elgon National Park in Uga
Page 44 and 45: Box 4Western Arnhem Fire Management
Page 46 and 47: of climate change. Thus, there isa
Page 48 and 49: • Focus - Urgent and immediate ne
Page 50 and 51: activities according to the obligat
Page 52 and 53: • Some supplement their subsisten
Page 54 and 55: Aside from the cases presented abov
Page 56 and 57: ExchangeResourcemanagement• Using
Page 58 and 59: Part VREDD/REDD+and Indigenous Peop
Page 60 and 61: Figure 2. Annual Global Emissions f
Page 62 and 63: sequestration, ensure soilfertility
Page 64 and 65: 4What are the mitigation optionsund
Page 66 and 67: governance of forests (e.g., Tropic
Page 68 and 69: UNPFII 7th Session Recommendations
Page 70 and 71: ecommendation on the needto respect
Page 72 and 73: Mechanisms and Trust Funds of the F
Page 74 and 75: R-PP - ReadinessPreparation Proposa
Page 76 and 77: UNPFII 7th Session Report recommend
Page 78 and 79: conservation and sustainableuse of
Page 80 and 81: peoples, local communities and wome
Page 82 and 83: Aims of UN-REDDTo assist developing
Page 84 and 85: Key document underpinningUN-REDD Pr
Page 86 and 87: continue their unsustainable and hi
Page 88 and 89: 10On the other hand, what are theop
Page 90 and 91: strengthen the implementation of UN
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11What is an example of an indigeno
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Photo credit: AMAN.Regulation on Re
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Photo credit: AMAN.including indige
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• Conclusion: This case study sho
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• This workshop, held in March200
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What are the key issues beingnegoti
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“leakage,” difficulty in accura
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• Proxy means that simplified but
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18 This is a document entitled “C
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2Why is Biodiversityimportant?The v
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the territories in which indigenous
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integrated with other strategies su
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10Why should traditional knowledgeo
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Endnotes:1 Secretariat of the Conve
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Some of the impacts are as follows:
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increase 6 and limit their chances
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4How are mitigating measures on cli
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Uganda were also transformed intosu
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1What is the Bali Roadmap 1 and the
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3What were the key developments in
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work in Copenhagen in 2009.” 6•
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• At SBSTA30 held in the 2nd Bonn
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“Post-Kyoto” or “Copenhagen P
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Role of the USin mitigationand trea
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Finance andtechnology(overall)- Con
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TechnologyDefinition oftechnologytr
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Legal form ofoutcome andtracks- Mos
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Trade andClimate- Stronglyagainstun
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6Why are these negotiations relevan
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Part IXWays Forward: The UNDeclarat
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esource rights, as well asits use a
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Participation and Inclusion: Every
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4. Enhance and deepen our understan
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funds like the BioCarbon Fund shoul
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AnnexesANNEX AUNITED NATIONS FRAMEW
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economically in their own right and
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consideration.3. The Parties should
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objective. These Parties may implem
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(g) Countries with areas with fragi
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(e) Assess, on the basis of all inf
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(b) Prepare scientific assessments
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eferred to in subparagraph (a) imme
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8. The provisions of this Article s
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Article 20SIGNATUREThis Convention
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Article 26AUTHENTIC TEXTSThe origin
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New ZealandNorwayPortugalSpainSwede
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(c)country Parties, while ensuring
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2. Decides that the process shall b
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ANNEX CThe Anchorage Declaration24
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climate change.5. All initiatives u
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ANNEX DGlobal Consultation on REDD
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REDD Funds24. Tie funding to compli
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2. September 15: Facilitator circul
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Some references on Climate Changean
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Manaus declaration / Declaración d
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Websites:Australia’s Internationa
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IN20- Nitrous OxideILOIPACCIPCCIPRI
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196 Guide on Clima
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Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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