Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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vulnerable to environmental degradation. Increased commercial activitymade possible by easier access to natural resources will bring moretraffic and pollution to one of the most fragile ecosystems in the world.• The health of Arctic plants and wildlife - and therefore the health of theindigenous peoples who rely on them for subsistence - is at stake.• In a herding community where people only remember snow, frequentrains are now experienced. The livelihoods of Saami herders areundermined due to the effects on breeding cycles, flooding of migrationpaths and devastation of grazing areas.• The herders are important to Saami culture since they are strong usersof the Saami language and Saami traditions such as the “yoik,” a singingstyle that predates the coming ofChristianity to Saami lands. If Saamireindeer herders can no longer make17% - percent of the earth’s land a living, then the whole basis ofsurface covered by boreal forests Saami culture is at risk.and which are found also in the• Older people in the ArcticArctic that are fast disappearingalso are losing community respectdue to the loss in the moistureneeded for forest growth. Lack and confidence on their traditionalof moisture interferes with the knowledge to interpret theirproduction of white spruce, a environment and make decisionssource of livelihood for indigenous because of the unpredictability ofpeoples.weather conditions. In Nunavut,elders can no longer predict theweather using their traditional knowledge.• There is an emergence of new types of insects and the life spans ofendemic insects (e.g., spruce beetles) extend beyond four monthsbecause the temperature is not cold enough to kill them. Thus, trees andother vegetation in the boreal forests are destroyed by these beetles.Endnotes:1 See report of Joint Liaison Group of Rio Conventions, Forests: Climate Change, Biodiversityand Land Degradation, 2007.2 High altitude = 1500–3500 meters above sea level; very high altitude = 3500-5500 meters;extreme altitude = 5500 meters and above.3 Quoted from UNEP/CBD/WG8J/AG/2/3: John Henriksen, Draft Report on Indigenous andLocal Communities Highly Vulnerable to Climate Change, 16 April 2007, CBD, p.22.4 Speech by Sheila Watt-Cloutier, upon receiving the Canadian Environment Awards Citationof Lifetime Achievement, Vancouver, BC, June 5, 2006.5 The Arctic Council is an intergovernmental body which addresses the common issues facedby the Artic peoples and States. It is composed of the eight Arctic States - Canada, Denmark(Greenland and Faroe Islands), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the USA and sixindigenous peoples’ organizations - Aleut International Association, Arctic Athabascan Council,Gwich’in Council, Inuit Circumpolar Council, Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of theNorth and the Saami Council. There are official observers which are France, Germany, Netherlands,Poland, UK, NGOs and scientific and international bodies.22 <strong>Guide</strong> on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples
Part IIIClimate Change MitigationMeasures: Impacts onIndigenous Peoples1What is the ultimate objectiveof the UNFCCC?“The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legalinstruments that the Conference of the Parties may adopt is toachieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention,stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphereat a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interferencewith the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within atime-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climatechange, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enableeconomic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.”- Article 2 of the UNFCCC2How can this objectivebe achieved?• This objective can be reached throughclimate change mitigation. Mitigation andadaptation are the main concerns of theUNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol.Climate ChangeAdaptation - theprocess wherebyecological, social oreconomic systemsadjust to actual orexpected climatic stimuliand their effects orimpacts.ClimateChangeMitigation -process of reducinggreenhouse gas(GHG) emissions.PART III: Climate Change Mitigation Measures: Impacts on Indigenous Peoples 23
Page 4: Guide on Climate C
Page 9: • Our ancestors and we, the prese
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Page 18 and 19: What is Joint Implementation (JI)?J
Page 20: Endnotes:1 Greenhouse gases which a
Page 26 and 27: y forced use of heavily contaminate
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Page 40 and 41: Box 2Mt. Elgon National Park in Uga
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Page 44 and 45: Box 4Western Arnhem Fire Management
Page 46 and 47: of climate change. Thus, there isa
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Page 62 and 63: sequestration, ensure soilfertility
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Aims of UN-REDDTo assist developing
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Key document underpinningUN-REDD Pr
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continue their unsustainable and hi
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10On the other hand, what are theop
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strengthen the implementation of UN
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11What is an example of an indigeno
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Photo credit: AMAN.Regulation on Re
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Photo credit: AMAN.including indige
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• Conclusion: This case study sho
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• This workshop, held in March200
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What are the key issues beingnegoti
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“leakage,” difficulty in accura
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• Proxy means that simplified but
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18 This is a document entitled “C
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2Why is Biodiversityimportant?The v
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the territories in which indigenous
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integrated with other strategies su
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10Why should traditional knowledgeo
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Endnotes:1 Secretariat of the Conve
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Some of the impacts are as follows:
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increase 6 and limit their chances
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4How are mitigating measures on cli
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Uganda were also transformed intosu
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1What is the Bali Roadmap 1 and the
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3What were the key developments in
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work in Copenhagen in 2009.” 6•
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• At SBSTA30 held in the 2nd Bonn
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“Post-Kyoto” or “Copenhagen P
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Role of the USin mitigationand trea
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Finance andtechnology(overall)- Con
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TechnologyDefinition oftechnologytr
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Legal form ofoutcome andtracks- Mos
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Trade andClimate- Stronglyagainstun
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6Why are these negotiations relevan
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Part IXWays Forward: The UNDeclarat
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esource rights, as well asits use a
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Participation and Inclusion: Every
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4. Enhance and deepen our understan
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funds like the BioCarbon Fund shoul
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AnnexesANNEX AUNITED NATIONS FRAMEW
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economically in their own right and
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consideration.3. The Parties should
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objective. These Parties may implem
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(g) Countries with areas with fragi
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(e) Assess, on the basis of all inf
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(b) Prepare scientific assessments
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eferred to in subparagraph (a) imme
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8. The provisions of this Article s
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Article 20SIGNATUREThis Convention
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Article 26AUTHENTIC TEXTSThe origin
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New ZealandNorwayPortugalSpainSwede
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(c)country Parties, while ensuring
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2. Decides that the process shall b
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ANNEX CThe Anchorage Declaration24
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climate change.5. All initiatives u
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ANNEX DGlobal Consultation on REDD
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REDD Funds24. Tie funding to compli
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2. September 15: Facilitator circul
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Some references on Climate Changean
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Manaus declaration / Declaración d
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Websites:Australia’s Internationa
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IN20- Nitrous OxideILOIPACCIPCCIPRI
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196 Guide on Clima
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Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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