Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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• Conclusion: This case study shows what can be achieved if indigenous peoples,through their representative organizations, engage activelyin the various national and global processes related to climatechange and REDD+. The indigenous peoples, through AMAN,utilized a combination of approaches such as the mobilization ofcommunities, participation in global spaces like the UNPFII; theUNFCCC, the CERD, the FCPF Participants' Committee, andUN-REDD Policy Board; and the use of international instrumentslike the ICERD and the UNDRIP. They also used the grievanceprocedures of CERD and the IFC. In doing all these, they managedto make their issues more visible, so much so, that the governmentcould not ignore them anymore. Since AMAN does not have much resources, they had to mobilizesupport from others so they can take part in REDD-relatedactivities, both at the local and global levels. They are also opento engage in dialogues with the key players in the FCPF, e.g.,donors, FCPF team, representatives of the Indonesian government.AMAN's legitimacy to speak on behalf of indigenous peoples andto engage in all these processes cannot be questioned. The membersof the AMAN Secretariat were constantly in touch with the leadersto get their feedback on the developments. The Secretary Generalof AMAN is on top of the REDD issue. The ost recent nationalactivity in Sinar Resi was a political activity to consolidate themembership and to agree on a strategy to address climate changeand REDD. This issue of forests and indigenous peoples' rights in Indonesiais politically sensitive because the interests being challenged arethose of the most powerful economic, political and military elite.Undertaking work which challenges the status quo is, therefore,very high risk. This is the reason why AMAN has to be verysystematic and sophisticated in how they address the forest issue.In spite of all the dangers they face, they have persisted in theircall for effective participation and respect oftheir rights. It isnot realistic to expect that things will change overnight. Whatis clear is that by using the issue of forests - which has becomevery prominent again because of REDD and climate change - theindigenous peoples managed to open up more spaces to push forchanges in the forest and agrarian legislation and the way thegovernment is dealing with indigenous peoples' rights and identityissues.88 <strong>Guide</strong> on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples
What is the Current State of12 Negotiations on REDD?• Negotiations on REDD have proceeded according to the Bali Action Plan.These include the Climate Change Talks in Bangkok (April 2008), Bonn(June 2008), Accra (August 2008), Poznan (December 2008). In 2009,three Climate Change Talks were held in Bonn (March, June and theinformal intersessional consultations in August).• Before the Accra Climate Talks, some countries already madesubmissions on REDD to the Secretariat. These included referencesto indigenous peoples. Japan and the European Union called for theinclusion of indigenous peoples in the REDD negotiations, includingidentifying and addressing the social implications of REDD.• On August 22, 2008, during the Climate Change Talks in Accra, theAWG-LCA held a “Workshopon Policy Approaches andPositive Incentives onissues relating to REDD andthe role of conservation,sustainable management offorests and enhancement ofcarbon stocks in developingcountries.” Many countriesspoke on substantive andmethodological issues.• During COP14 in 2008, REDDwas negotiated under SBSTA.Indigenous peoples' effortsto get the governments tolink indigenous peoples’Target of REDD proponentsTo include REDD in the scope of the2012 Commitments and to set up amultilateral mechanism which will:a. Establish national level baselinesand accounting with option ofproject level implementationb. Create financial incentives whichinclude a development fund or amarket mechanism on tradeablecarbon credits or a combination ofboth.rights with the development of methodologies for REDD was frustratedbecause of the opposition from the same countries who voted againstthe UNDRIP during its adoption at the UN General Assembly.• In the Bonn Climate Change Talks (AWG-LCA6/AWG-KP7) in March 2009,SBSTA recommended that an expert meeting be organized 33 which willlook into the methodological issues relating to: reference emission levels for deforestation reference emission levels for forest degradation role and contribution of conservation, sustainable management offorests, changes in forest cover and associated carbon stocks andGHG emissions and the enhancement of forest carbon stocks relationship among the reference emission levels and relevantreference levels.PART V: REDD/REDD+ and Indigenous Peoples 89
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Guide on Climate C
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• Our ancestors and we, the prese
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effect. As humans emit more carbon
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affected by industrial and other em
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What is Joint Implementation (JI)?J
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Endnotes:1 Greenhouse gases which a
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y forced use of heavily contaminate
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• Incessant rains in high altitud
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vulnerable to environmental degrada
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• The IPCC Fourth Assessment Repo
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BuildingsIndustryAgricultureForestr
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• For indigenous peoples: indigen
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Box 2Mt. Elgon National Park in Uga
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harvested, these shouldbe transport
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Box 4Western Arnhem Fire Management
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of climate change. Thus, there isa
Page 48 and 49: • Focus - Urgent and immediate ne
Page 50 and 51: activities according to the obligat
Page 52 and 53: • Some supplement their subsisten
Page 54 and 55: Aside from the cases presented abov
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Page 60 and 61: Figure 2. Annual Global Emissions f
Page 62 and 63: sequestration, ensure soilfertility
Page 64 and 65: 4What are the mitigation optionsund
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Page 68 and 69: UNPFII 7th Session Recommendations
Page 70 and 71: ecommendation on the needto respect
Page 72 and 73: Mechanisms and Trust Funds of the F
Page 74 and 75: R-PP - ReadinessPreparation Proposa
Page 76 and 77: UNPFII 7th Session Report recommend
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Page 80 and 81: peoples, local communities and wome
Page 82 and 83: Aims of UN-REDDTo assist developing
Page 84 and 85: Key document underpinningUN-REDD Pr
Page 86 and 87: continue their unsustainable and hi
Page 88 and 89: 10On the other hand, what are theop
Page 90 and 91: strengthen the implementation of UN
Page 92 and 93: 11What is an example of an indigeno
Page 94 and 95: Photo credit: AMAN.Regulation on Re
Page 96 and 97: Photo credit: AMAN.including indige
Page 100 and 101: • This workshop, held in March200
Page 102 and 103: What are the key issues beingnegoti
Page 104 and 105: “leakage,” difficulty in accura
Page 106 and 107: • Proxy means that simplified but
Page 108 and 109: 18 This is a document entitled “C
Page 110 and 111: 2Why is Biodiversityimportant?The v
Page 112 and 113: the territories in which indigenous
Page 114 and 115: integrated with other strategies su
Page 116 and 117: 10Why should traditional knowledgeo
Page 118 and 119: Endnotes:1 Secretariat of the Conve
Page 120 and 121: Some of the impacts are as follows:
Page 122 and 123: increase 6 and limit their chances
Page 124 and 125: 4How are mitigating measures on cli
Page 126 and 127: Uganda were also transformed intosu
Page 128 and 129: 1What is the Bali Roadmap 1 and the
Page 130 and 131: 3What were the key developments in
Page 132 and 133: work in Copenhagen in 2009.” 6•
Page 134 and 135: • At SBSTA30 held in the 2nd Bonn
Page 136 and 137: “Post-Kyoto” or “Copenhagen P
Page 138 and 139: Role of the USin mitigationand trea
Page 140 and 141: Finance andtechnology(overall)- Con
Page 142 and 143: TechnologyDefinition oftechnologytr
Page 144 and 145: Legal form ofoutcome andtracks- Mos
Page 146 and 147: Trade andClimate- Stronglyagainstun
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6Why are these negotiations relevan
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Part IXWays Forward: The UNDeclarat
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esource rights, as well asits use a
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Participation and Inclusion: Every
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4. Enhance and deepen our understan
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funds like the BioCarbon Fund shoul
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AnnexesANNEX AUNITED NATIONS FRAMEW
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economically in their own right and
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consideration.3. The Parties should
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objective. These Parties may implem
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(g) Countries with areas with fragi
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(e) Assess, on the basis of all inf
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(b) Prepare scientific assessments
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eferred to in subparagraph (a) imme
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8. The provisions of this Article s
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Article 20SIGNATUREThis Convention
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Article 26AUTHENTIC TEXTSThe origin
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New ZealandNorwayPortugalSpainSwede
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(c)country Parties, while ensuring
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2. Decides that the process shall b
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ANNEX CThe Anchorage Declaration24
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climate change.5. All initiatives u
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ANNEX DGlobal Consultation on REDD
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REDD Funds24. Tie funding to compli
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2. September 15: Facilitator circul
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Some references on Climate Changean
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Manaus declaration / Declaración d
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Websites:Australia’s Internationa
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IN20- Nitrous OxideILOIPACCIPCCIPRI
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196 Guide on Clima
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Guide on Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples

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