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8.5 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION The emf induced in an overhead line or a cable running parallel to an electrified railway is given by the formula :- e = 2π fm L 1 Kr Kc Km where f = Supply frequency M = Mutual inductance per unit length L = Length of parallelism I = Catenary current Kr = a reduction factor which takes into account the presence of a current flown in the rails the effects of which partly compensate for those due to current flowing in the contact system. Kc = a reduction factor when the line in which currents are induced is in a metal sheathed cable. Km = a reduction factor to take into account the existence near the railway or in the vicinity of the line receiving induced currents, earthed metallic pipework carrying an appreciable induced current. It is seen that an appreciable reduction in interference is obtained from the screening effect of earthed conductors such as cable sheaths, metal pipes, earth wires and finally the rails themselves. These reduction factors are also known as screening factors. The mutual inductance M per unit length is a complex factor which depends on the separation of the inducing and induced line (a) and the soil conductively (s) and the frequencies of inducing current. The function M is in the form M = f (a s f) 147
Fig. 8.3 Fig. 8.3 contains a family of curves, for the mutual impedance M per kilometer Vs distance of separation of the lines, for various values of parameter. At a little distance from the track Kt can be approximated to I – It /Ic’ where It is the total induced current flowing in the rails and Ic the catenary current. 148
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PREFACE The book on "Power Supply I
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However transformers of capacity 13
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3. To keep the unbalance on the 3 p
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1.2 POWER SUPPLY FOR SIGNALLING 1.2
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locomotives and Electric Multiple U
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2.0 Supply System 2. POWER SUPPLY F
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figures. This charge should be real
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2.4 Scrutiny of Bills have a bearin
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c) Procedure to be followed in case
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In the territorial setup one Subord
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3.2.3 Over load Capacity of Tractio
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B. Insulation resistance will conti
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3.3. GUIDING NOTES ON MAINTENANCE 3
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f) Fully push home the wedges betwe
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eakers/interrupters should also be
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A detail history of every battery s
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light or bluish grey according to a
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(e) Overhaul, bench tests and calib
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3.5. FORTNIGHTLY MAINTENANCE 3.5.1.
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obstruction and also if the shock a
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2. Test a sample of oil for BDV. 3.
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3. Check if the terminations of the
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Fortnightly Schedule: a) Drain wate
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d) Measure the IR between auxiliary
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TRACTION DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE OF M
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3.0 Inspection of Traction Sub-stat
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4.0 Switching Stations a) Switch Ya
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SI. No . APPLICATION AND INTERPRETA
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2.2 Oxidation Carbondioxide is the
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3.4 Pattern of generation of gases
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TABLE - I SOLUBILITY OF DIFFERENT G
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TABLE V ROGER'S METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS
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1.1 Schedules MAINTENANCE OF SF6 CI
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Point / Location Tripping Mechanism
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1.0 General Annexure 3.05 MAINTENAC
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1.5 Detailed Check Checking shall b
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DESIGN ASPECTS OF TRACTION SUBSTATI
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• Characteristics of the locomoti
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considerations enlisted in para 4.0
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xii) Load losses 135.0 kW xiii) Cur
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item Nominal System Voltage 66kV 11
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20 1250 1600 2000 245 31.5 1250 160
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i) Three post, centre post rotating
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etween live parts and different pot
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4.11.5 Design of grounding system 4
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4.12.2 BIL of various equipments us
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(d) High speed inter tripping relay
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The relay continuously monitors the
Page 99 and 100: SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE(SF6) GAS 96 ANN
Page 101 and 102: 5.0 POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM PROTECTION
Page 103 and 104: any one of the two sub-staion throu
Page 105 and 106: fault relay (132KV&25KV side) 4. ID
Page 107 and 108: will be supplied to the successful
Page 109 and 110: detected by normal distance protect
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Page 125 and 126: Just as the requirements of supervi
Page 127 and 128: The use of hermetically sealed comp
Page 129 and 130: The configuration used in Railway S
Page 131 and 132: This may be accomplished by several
Page 133 and 134: A typical example of commonly used
Page 135 and 136: 7.2.6.2The above sequence of messag
Page 137 and 138: 7.3 SCADA EQUIPMENT 7.3.1 General T
Page 139 and 140: 7.3.10 SCADA Software The operating
Page 141 and 142: systems are different, the basic fe
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Page 145 and 146: To combat interference, co-ordinate
Page 147 and 148: e = Er / R were introduced in the v
Page 149: It is seen that even if the lines a
Page 153 and 154: Typical Rail Current Distribution F
Page 155 and 156: 8.8 SUPPRESSION OF INTERFERENCE AT
Page 157 and 158: Magnetizing current is required to
Page 159 and 160: REGULATION FOR ELECTRICAL CROSSING
Page 161 and 162: Kc is cable screening factor and it
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