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SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION Considering a double track section and specific energy consumption 11 kWH / 1000 GTKM for Goods Train in the Loaded Directions and 19 kwh/1000 GTKM for passenger trains in the empty direction W = (4570 + 2 X 120) t For 4500t Loaded Train W = (1100 + 113)t For 22 Coaches Passenger Train H = 18 Minute Headway 2Lo = 45 KM Hourly maximum output – Q x (2Lo) x W 60 1 P = X X = kVA 1000 H cos∅ 11 x 45 x 4810 + 19 x 45 x 1213 60 1 = X X kVA 1000 18 0.8 = 14242 KVA MAKING AN ALLOWANCE OF 25% FOR EXTENDED FEED CONDITIONS POWER REQUIREMENT = 14242 x 1.25 kVA 73 = 17803 kVA. 4.0.3 In Planning the requirement of traction sub-station and its location on any section for track electrification, the factor to be kept in mind may be summerised as given below :- • Availability of adequate and reliable power supply lines. The transmission lines should be as close as possible to the Rly lines. • Willingness of electric supply authorities to extend their HV transmission lines to feed the railway traction loads. • Settlement of tariff rates. • Traffic to be handled in the section. • Gradients of the section. • Anticipated traffic in the future. • Single or double line section.
• Characteristics of the locomotive and speed etc. • Allowable permissible voltage drop at the farthest end. • Strength of the system to permit the voltage and current unbalance caused by the traction single phase loads. • Suitability of standard equipments. • The load is within the standard ratings of the transformer and other equipment under normal and extended feed conditions. • Availability of reasonably good levelled land as near to Rly track as possible. • Location should be away from the dumping yards. • Location of sub-station should not be less than 3 km from the airport. • Provision of siding track for loading and unloading of heavy equipments. • Location should be close to main Rly. station where inspection staff can reach the spot in the shortest time 4.0.4 On an average the spacing between the successive sub-station as adopted in earlier electrification schemes was about 50 to 80 km, but with the interlocution of heavy haul trains and increased passenger and goods traffic the spacing has been reduced to 40 to 60 km. only. On high density routes it may reduce further by converting existing SP into TSS and SSP into SP. 4.1 TRACTION POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM 4.1.1 Before going into details of design aspects of various substation equipments, we may briefly discuss the power supply system adopted for feeding the traction substations. 4.1.2 Indian Rlys. purchase electric power from various state electricity boards and as well as from other electric utilities through their regional grids at different voltage, normally 220/132/110/66 kV. The incoming supply is stepped down to 25 kv. a.c. with the help of step down transformer. The primary winding of the transformer is connected across two phases of the three phase effectively earthed system and one terminal of the 25 kV. secondary winding is connected to the overhead equipment (OHE) and other terminal of the 25 kV. secondary winding is solidly earthed and connected to the running rails. The load current flows through the OHE to the locomotive and return through the rails and earth to the traction sub-station. The substations are provided as close to the railway traction as possible at intervals varying from 40 to 60 km depending upon the traffic density and track conditions. In the initial stages of the AC electrification schemes, traction 74
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PREFACE The book on "Power Supply I
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However transformers of capacity 13
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3. To keep the unbalance on the 3 p
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1.2 POWER SUPPLY FOR SIGNALLING 1.2
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locomotives and Electric Multiple U
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2.0 Supply System 2. POWER SUPPLY F
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figures. This charge should be real
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2.4 Scrutiny of Bills have a bearin
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c) Procedure to be followed in case
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In the territorial setup one Subord
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3.2.3 Over load Capacity of Tractio
Page 25 and 26: B. Insulation resistance will conti
Page 27 and 28: 3.3. GUIDING NOTES ON MAINTENANCE 3
Page 29 and 30: f) Fully push home the wedges betwe
Page 31 and 32: eakers/interrupters should also be
Page 33 and 34: A detail history of every battery s
Page 35 and 36: light or bluish grey according to a
Page 37 and 38: (e) Overhaul, bench tests and calib
Page 39 and 40: 3.5. FORTNIGHTLY MAINTENANCE 3.5.1.
Page 41 and 42: obstruction and also if the shock a
Page 43 and 44: 2. Test a sample of oil for BDV. 3.
Page 45 and 46: 3. Check if the terminations of the
Page 47 and 48: Fortnightly Schedule: a) Drain wate
Page 49 and 50: d) Measure the IR between auxiliary
Page 51 and 52: TRACTION DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE OF M
Page 53 and 54: 3.0 Inspection of Traction Sub-stat
Page 55 and 56: 4.0 Switching Stations a) Switch Ya
Page 57 and 58: SI. No . APPLICATION AND INTERPRETA
Page 59 and 60: 2.2 Oxidation Carbondioxide is the
Page 61 and 62: 3.4 Pattern of generation of gases
Page 63 and 64: TABLE - I SOLUBILITY OF DIFFERENT G
Page 65 and 66: TABLE V ROGER'S METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS
Page 67 and 68: 1.1 Schedules MAINTENANCE OF SF6 CI
Page 69 and 70: Point / Location Tripping Mechanism
Page 71 and 72: 1.0 General Annexure 3.05 MAINTENAC
Page 73 and 74: 1.5 Detailed Check Checking shall b
Page 75: DESIGN ASPECTS OF TRACTION SUBSTATI
Page 79 and 80: considerations enlisted in para 4.0
Page 81 and 82: xii) Load losses 135.0 kW xiii) Cur
Page 83 and 84: item Nominal System Voltage 66kV 11
Page 85 and 86: 20 1250 1600 2000 245 31.5 1250 160
Page 87 and 88: i) Three post, centre post rotating
Page 89 and 90: etween live parts and different pot
Page 91 and 92: 4.11.5 Design of grounding system 4
Page 93 and 94: 4.12.2 BIL of various equipments us
Page 95 and 96: (d) High speed inter tripping relay
Page 97 and 98: The relay continuously monitors the
Page 99 and 100: SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE(SF6) GAS 96 ANN
Page 101 and 102: 5.0 POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM PROTECTION
Page 103 and 104: any one of the two sub-staion throu
Page 105 and 106: fault relay (132KV&25KV side) 4. ID
Page 107 and 108: will be supplied to the successful
Page 109 and 110: detected by normal distance protect
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Page 125 and 126: Just as the requirements of supervi
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The use of hermetically sealed comp
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The configuration used in Railway S
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This may be accomplished by several
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A typical example of commonly used
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7.2.6.2The above sequence of messag
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7.3 SCADA EQUIPMENT 7.3.1 General T
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7.3.10 SCADA Software The operating
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systems are different, the basic fe
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140
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To combat interference, co-ordinate
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e = Er / R were introduced in the v
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It is seen that even if the lines a
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Fig. 8.3 Fig. 8.3 contains a family
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Typical Rail Current Distribution F
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8.8 SUPPRESSION OF INTERFERENCE AT
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Magnetizing current is required to
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REGULATION FOR ELECTRICAL CROSSING
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Kc is cable screening factor and it
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