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Ethylene. The value of ratios can be greater or smaller than unity. The ratio and type of fault represented by that ratio are given in Table V. 6.0 Data Collection and Analysis 6.1 It is recommended that DGA be performed regularly once a year on every transformer upto 4 years of service and thereafter twice a year upto 10 years and the frequency thereafter may be increased to thrice a year. . Note: Wherever the Buchholz relay operates, the dissolved gas analysis be carried out immediately after operation of the relay to ascertain the cause of fault. 6.2 The results of the DGA for each transformer should be built into a data bank and based on the trend of the gas levels over a period of time as well as the faults, if any, that the transformer had suffered, an analysis may be done to establish the exact nature of the incipient fault that may be developing in the transformer. 59
TABLE - I SOLUBILITY OF DIFFERENT GASES IN TRANSFORMER OIL AT 25 P C. 1 atm. Gas Volume % with reference to volume of oil Hydrogen 7 Oxygen 16 Nitrogen 8.6 Argon 15 Carbon Monoxide 9 Carbon Dioxide 120 Methane 30 Ethane 280 Ethylene 280 Acetylene 400 Propylene 400 Propane 1900 Butane 4000 TABLE II RANGE OF GAS LEVELS (All concentrations are in PPM) Gas 0-4 years 4-10 years 1 0 years Methane 10-30 30-80 30-130 Ethane 10-30 30-50 30-110 Ethylene 10-30 30-50 50-150 Acetylene 10-16 10-30 10-40 Hydrogen 20-150 150-300 200-500 Carbon Monoxide 200-300 300-500 500-700 Carbon Dioxide 3000-4000 4000-5000 4000-10,000 60
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PREFACE The book on "Power Supply I
Page 5 and 6:
However transformers of capacity 13
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3. To keep the unbalance on the 3 p
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1.2 POWER SUPPLY FOR SIGNALLING 1.2
Page 11 and 12: locomotives and Electric Multiple U
Page 13 and 14: 2.0 Supply System 2. POWER SUPPLY F
Page 15 and 16: figures. This charge should be real
Page 17 and 18: 2.4 Scrutiny of Bills have a bearin
Page 19 and 20: c) Procedure to be followed in case
Page 21 and 22: In the territorial setup one Subord
Page 23 and 24: 3.2.3 Over load Capacity of Tractio
Page 25 and 26: B. Insulation resistance will conti
Page 27 and 28: 3.3. GUIDING NOTES ON MAINTENANCE 3
Page 29 and 30: f) Fully push home the wedges betwe
Page 31 and 32: eakers/interrupters should also be
Page 33 and 34: A detail history of every battery s
Page 35 and 36: light or bluish grey according to a
Page 37 and 38: (e) Overhaul, bench tests and calib
Page 39 and 40: 3.5. FORTNIGHTLY MAINTENANCE 3.5.1.
Page 41 and 42: obstruction and also if the shock a
Page 43 and 44: 2. Test a sample of oil for BDV. 3.
Page 45 and 46: 3. Check if the terminations of the
Page 47 and 48: Fortnightly Schedule: a) Drain wate
Page 49 and 50: d) Measure the IR between auxiliary
Page 51 and 52: TRACTION DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE OF M
Page 53 and 54: 3.0 Inspection of Traction Sub-stat
Page 55 and 56: 4.0 Switching Stations a) Switch Ya
Page 57 and 58: SI. No . APPLICATION AND INTERPRETA
Page 59 and 60: 2.2 Oxidation Carbondioxide is the
Page 61: 3.4 Pattern of generation of gases
Page 65 and 66: TABLE V ROGER'S METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS
Page 67 and 68: 1.1 Schedules MAINTENANCE OF SF6 CI
Page 69 and 70: Point / Location Tripping Mechanism
Page 71 and 72: 1.0 General Annexure 3.05 MAINTENAC
Page 73 and 74: 1.5 Detailed Check Checking shall b
Page 75 and 76: DESIGN ASPECTS OF TRACTION SUBSTATI
Page 77 and 78: • Characteristics of the locomoti
Page 79 and 80: considerations enlisted in para 4.0
Page 81 and 82: xii) Load losses 135.0 kW xiii) Cur
Page 83 and 84: item Nominal System Voltage 66kV 11
Page 85 and 86: 20 1250 1600 2000 245 31.5 1250 160
Page 87 and 88: i) Three post, centre post rotating
Page 89 and 90: etween live parts and different pot
Page 91 and 92: 4.11.5 Design of grounding system 4
Page 93 and 94: 4.12.2 BIL of various equipments us
Page 95 and 96: (d) High speed inter tripping relay
Page 97 and 98: The relay continuously monitors the
Page 99 and 100: SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE(SF6) GAS 96 ANN
Page 101 and 102: 5.0 POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM PROTECTION
Page 103 and 104: any one of the two sub-staion throu
Page 105 and 106: fault relay (132KV&25KV side) 4. ID
Page 107 and 108: will be supplied to the successful
Page 109 and 110: detected by normal distance protect
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Just as the requirements of supervi
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The use of hermetically sealed comp
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The configuration used in Railway S
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This may be accomplished by several
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A typical example of commonly used
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7.2.6.2The above sequence of messag
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7.3 SCADA EQUIPMENT 7.3.1 General T
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7.3.10 SCADA Software The operating
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systems are different, the basic fe
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140
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To combat interference, co-ordinate
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e = Er / R were introduced in the v
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It is seen that even if the lines a
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Fig. 8.3 Fig. 8.3 contains a family
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Typical Rail Current Distribution F
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8.8 SUPPRESSION OF INTERFERENCE AT
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Magnetizing current is required to
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REGULATION FOR ELECTRICAL CROSSING
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Kc is cable screening factor and it
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