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3.2.3 Over load Capacity of Traction Transformers.
Traction transformers usually have the following overload capacity
1. Overload rating: (a) 50% overload for 15 min and (b) 100% overload for
a period of 5 min, after the transformer has attained steady
temperature on continuous operation at full load.
2. Over an ambient temperature of 45 o C the maximum permissible
temperature rise shall be as under:
(a) Winding = 50 o C (by resistance method)
(b) Oil = 40 o C (by thermometer)
(c) Current carrying parts = 35 o C (by thermometer)
3. The hot-spot temperature after 50% overload for 15 min or 100%
overload for 5 min shall not exceed 100 o C for an ambient temperature
of 45 o C.
4. Interval of time permissible between two successive overloads (after
continuous working at maximum ambient temperature of 45 o C) is 3
hours for both 50% overload for 15 min and 100% overload for 5 min.
3.2.4 Tap Setting on Traction Transformers
Traction transformers are usually provided with off-load changers (operated
locally or by remote control with taps from + 10% to (-) 15% in steps of 5%. To
decide the correct tap setting a recording voltmeter should be connected at the
traction sub-station to the secondary side of a potential transformer to ascertain the
pattern of voltage variation throughout the 24 hours for at least 3 typical days. Based
on the readings from the recording the tap position should be fixed so that the daily
OHE voltage peaks at the traction sub-station lie just below 27.5 kV but does not
touch 27.5 kV. This will ensure that the OHE voltage is well above the minimum of
19 kV at the farthest point on the system even when heavily loaded. Once a year
24-hour record of voltages available on the two sides of every neutral section should
be taken to make sure that the voltage does not fall below 19 kV at any time.
Since any change in the inter-connections of the grid system would have
repercussions on the voltage at the traction sub-station, the S.S.E.(PSI) should keep
in touch with the supply authorities in regard to system changes so that he may
arrange to take another set of 24-hour voltage readings if any change has taken
place and to change the tap setting if required.
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