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9.1 For other provision the Regulation should be refered to.Modification to Electrical overhead Distribution system at station and yards where 25kv ,ac 50Hz single phase traction is to be introduced. 9.1.1 It is essential for an electrical overhead distribution system that. a) There is adequate physical clearance to the 25 kv, system so that maintenance personel do not come within 2m of nearest point at a potential of 25kv. b) Elrctro-magnetically induced (EMI) voltage in the distribution system from adjacent 25kv traction current remains within safe limit, and c) Electro-statically induced discharge current due to Capacitive Coupling between 25 kv system and the power distribution is within safe limit. 9.1.2 If the above safety condition are not met with ,the overhead distribution system shall be modified to bring the value within safe limit. 9.1.3 The safe limit for : a) Electro-magnetically induced voltage are: 1) For installations to which only trained and authorised personnel have access 60V 2) For installation to which public or untrained staff have access 25v b) Electro-statically induced discharge current shall not exceed 8mA 9.1.4 Neutral of a 3 phase, 4 wire earthed system should be earthed at only one point,that is at the substation 9.1.5. In long metallic structures such as fencing or an overbridge,the electro-magnetically induced voltage shall not exceed 25 volts. 9.1.6. Formula adopted for Electro-magnetically induced voltage. Electro-magnetically induced voltage ‘E’ is given by the expression: E = 2π.Kr.Kc.M.I.L. where, E is in volts f is frequency of power supply=50Hz kr is coefficient dependent upon type of return circuit and has been empirically established by SNCF the values are given below Value of Kr Rails per track Section having available for Double Single traction current track track 2 0.39 0.56 1 0.53 0.69 157
Kc is cable screening factor and it is 1 for bare conductor and 0.8 for lead sheathed underground cable (figures adopted from SNCF) M is mutual inductance in Henry and is a function of average distance between the conductors and the earth resistivity. I is current in ampere in OHE L is length of parallelism in metre 9.1.7. The length of parallelism of an overhead conductor is measured as projected on the alignment of the OHE. The separation distance, which determines the value of M for a given value of earth resistivity is the average of the length of offsets from the alignment of OHE to the overhead conductor. 9.1.8. Table 9.1 gives the voltage rise on an overhead distribution line due to induction from traction current. The table, obtained empirically by SNCF is adopted for use on Indian Railways. This table is applicable for following conditions : a) The Section is double track and all the four rails are available for traction current. b) The Current in OHE is 600 A c) The earth conductivity is 8 x 10 -2 S/m. The value of earth conductivity generally encountered is expected to bse higher than this value, as such the values in the table should be safe for majority of the conditions. 9.1.9. To obtain the voltage rise on an overhead conductor having different environment, the values given in the Table 9.1 requires to be modified. For example, to obtain the voltage rise on an overhead distribution line from an OHE on single track, with only one rail available for traction return current, the value obtained for the corresponding length of parallelism has to be modified to allow for : a) Single track section. This will have a maximum current of 300 A. The figure obtained should be divided by 2, i.e. 300/600. b) Only one rail is available for traction return current, hence the value of Kr adopted for double track, double rail section, being 0.39 is no longer applicable. The value Kr applicable for single track, single rail section is 0.6 9. The result obtained after modification as given in (a) above should be further modified by multiplying it with a factor of 0.69/0.39. c) When booster transformer and return conductors are used the value of voltage rise are reduced further. As a rough approximation the value obtained rom the table in paragraph 8 above should be divided by 2.3 for a booster transformer spacing of 2.66 km and 1.7 for a transformer spacing of 4 km. 9.1.10. A Worked Example : See Fig.9.01 below giving the plan of an overhead line running along a double track section proposed to be electrified at 25 kV. 158
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PREFACE The book on "Power Supply I
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However transformers of capacity 13
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3. To keep the unbalance on the 3 p
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1.2 POWER SUPPLY FOR SIGNALLING 1.2
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locomotives and Electric Multiple U
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2.0 Supply System 2. POWER SUPPLY F
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figures. This charge should be real
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2.4 Scrutiny of Bills have a bearin
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c) Procedure to be followed in case
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In the territorial setup one Subord
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3.2.3 Over load Capacity of Tractio
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B. Insulation resistance will conti
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3.3. GUIDING NOTES ON MAINTENANCE 3
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f) Fully push home the wedges betwe
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eakers/interrupters should also be
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A detail history of every battery s
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light or bluish grey according to a
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(e) Overhaul, bench tests and calib
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3.5. FORTNIGHTLY MAINTENANCE 3.5.1.
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obstruction and also if the shock a
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2. Test a sample of oil for BDV. 3.
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3. Check if the terminations of the
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Fortnightly Schedule: a) Drain wate
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d) Measure the IR between auxiliary
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TRACTION DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE OF M
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3.0 Inspection of Traction Sub-stat
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4.0 Switching Stations a) Switch Ya
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SI. No . APPLICATION AND INTERPRETA
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2.2 Oxidation Carbondioxide is the
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3.4 Pattern of generation of gases
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TABLE - I SOLUBILITY OF DIFFERENT G
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TABLE V ROGER'S METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS
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1.1 Schedules MAINTENANCE OF SF6 CI
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Point / Location Tripping Mechanism
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1.0 General Annexure 3.05 MAINTENAC
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1.5 Detailed Check Checking shall b
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DESIGN ASPECTS OF TRACTION SUBSTATI
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• Characteristics of the locomoti
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considerations enlisted in para 4.0
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xii) Load losses 135.0 kW xiii) Cur
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item Nominal System Voltage 66kV 11
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20 1250 1600 2000 245 31.5 1250 160
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i) Three post, centre post rotating
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etween live parts and different pot
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4.11.5 Design of grounding system 4
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4.12.2 BIL of various equipments us
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(d) High speed inter tripping relay
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The relay continuously monitors the
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SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE(SF6) GAS 96 ANN
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5.0 POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM PROTECTION
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any one of the two sub-staion throu
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fault relay (132KV&25KV side) 4. ID
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will be supplied to the successful
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Page 125 and 126: Just as the requirements of supervi
Page 127 and 128: The use of hermetically sealed comp
Page 129 and 130: The configuration used in Railway S
Page 131 and 132: This may be accomplished by several
Page 133 and 134: A typical example of commonly used
Page 135 and 136: 7.2.6.2The above sequence of messag
Page 137 and 138: 7.3 SCADA EQUIPMENT 7.3.1 General T
Page 139 and 140: 7.3.10 SCADA Software The operating
Page 141 and 142: systems are different, the basic fe
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Page 145 and 146: To combat interference, co-ordinate
Page 147 and 148: e = Er / R were introduced in the v
Page 149 and 150: It is seen that even if the lines a
Page 151 and 152: Fig. 8.3 Fig. 8.3 contains a family
Page 153 and 154: Typical Rail Current Distribution F
Page 155 and 156: 8.8 SUPPRESSION OF INTERFERENCE AT
Page 157 and 158: Magnetizing current is required to
Page 159: REGULATION FOR ELECTRICAL CROSSING
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