- Page 1: Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
- Page 5 and 6: Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
- Page 7 and 8: PrefaceThis book consists of a coll
- Page 9 and 10: these effects provide important ins
- Page 11 and 12: ContentsPrefaceContributorsPart I.
- Page 13 and 14: 6. Optical Dynamics in Single Semic
- Page 15 and 16: 12. Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of M
- Page 17 and 18: Brian A. KorgelStephan LinkOlga I.
- Page 19 and 20: Figure 1 (a) A bulk semiconductor h
- Page 21 and 22: II.COLLOIDAL NANOSYNTHESISThe most
- Page 23 and 24: ual nanocrystals by shielding the v
- Page 25 and 26: where tech-TOPO performance was bat
- Page 27 and 28: Too much TOPO, which binds strongly
- Page 29 and 30: Thus, II-VI compounds, which are mo
- Page 31 and 32: Interestingly, the addition of the
- Page 33 and 34: Figure 7 Wide-field high-resolution
- Page 35 and 36: Figure 9 Absorption spectra for bar
- Page 37 and 38: oundary provide nonradiative recomb
- Page 39 and 40: Figure 11 Transmission electron mic
- Page 41 and 42: the tetrahedral shapes are terminat
- Page 43 and 44: Figure 13 (a-c) Transmission electr
- Page 45 and 46: growth regime [12,38]. In the regim
- Page 47 and 48: Figure 16 ‘‘Seeding’’ CdSe
- Page 49 and 50: Figure 18 Absorption (solid line) a
- Page 51 and 52: ligand and the solvent temperature
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semiconductors. Additionally, the n
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Figure 21 Two complete hysteresis c
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Figure 22 Schematic illustrating th
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amorphous content to the metal flux
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dopant emission signal occurs to th
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apparently facilitated Mn 2+ incorp
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Figure 26 Electron paramagnetic res
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equires only minutes to complete. I
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Figure 29 Transmission electron mic
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Figure 31 Dark-field optical microg
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macrostructures. Oriented attachmen
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Figure 35 High-resolution TEM (alon
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n-doped GaAs substrates. The GaAs s
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18. Qu L.; Peng X.G. J. Am. Chem. S
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81. Sundar V.C.; Eisler H.J.; Bawen
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the electron-hole pair, the carrier
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in semiconductor nanocrystals [10,1
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So far, this treatment has complete
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Figure 3 (a) Valence-band structure
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explicit diagonalization of Eq. (18
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To avoid this problem, many groups
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Figure 5 (a) Absorption (solid line
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Figure 7 Size dependence of the ele
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Figure 9 Summary of quantum numbers
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Figure 11 Theoretically predicted p
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Figure 13 Energy level diagram desc
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ehavior. Emission from the lowest b
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Figure 17Ref. 11.)The size dependen
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Figure 19 Magnetic field dependence
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semiconductors due to the square ro
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nanocrystals, where the diameter ma
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41. Efros, Al.L.; Rosen, M. Phys. R
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3Fine Structure and PolarizationPro
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e easily found in the parabolic app
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energy splitting and the transition
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Taken together, the hexagonal latti
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In Eqs. (22) and (23), superscripts
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Figure 3 The size dependence of the
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Using a similar procedure, one can
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shape strongly influences this depe
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Figure 5 The size dependence of the
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where H z is the magnetic field pro
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In large NCs, the magnetic field sp
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mix the hole states with the angula
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Figure 6 Normalized FLN spectra for
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D. Dark-Exciton Lifetime in a Magne
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with the theoretical value of the r
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The normalization of a MCD by a SUM
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a rapid growth at low fields, after
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decreased for the majority of NCs a
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where c 1 , c, and j are the Luttin
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27. Rodina, A.V.; Efros, Al.L.; Yu.
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systems. Of potential practical int
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As noted by Khurgin [16], the intra
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Figure 3 Induced IR absorbance of p
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Figure 5 Transient IR absorbance at
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this fast because of the high densi
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Figure 8 Spectral hole-burning resu
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1989, 55, 1597. Fejer, M.M.; Yoo, S
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5Charge Carrier Dynamics andOptical
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surface trapping and the ‘‘phon
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Figure 1 (a) Schematic of ‘‘abs
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Figure 2 (a) Transient absorption d
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Figure 3 Schematic of a three-pulse
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C. Hole Intraband RelaxationAs anal
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These transients show a progressive
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Figure 7 Schematic illustration of
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confined NQDs is not significantly
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independent measurements of electro
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the local-field factor that account
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Figure 12 (a) Pump-intensity-depend
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Figure 13 (a) Pump-intensity depend
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IV.MULTIPARTICLE EFFECTS AND OPTICA
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Figure 15 Pump dependence of normal
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Figure 16 A room-temperature emissi
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hole state. Although state filling
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Within the state-filling model corr
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Figure 20 (a) Pump-dependent dynami
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Transient absorption data obtained
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Figure 22 Size dependence of the Au
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Figure 23 (a) A typical TEM image o
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high-threshold e-h plasma mechanism
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than 1%. Acceleration of radiative
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Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
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develops at f1.25 mJ/cm 2 (the lasi
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nents and poor photostability of po
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24. Norris, D.J.; Efros, Al.L.; Ros
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6Optical Dynamics in SingleSemicond
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Figure 1 (a) Optical microscope sch
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Figure 2 Representative intensity t
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Figure 4 (a-c) Low-temperature spec
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Figure 5 Distribution of net spectr
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Figure 6 Four possible mechanisms f
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Figure 7 (a) Schematic representati
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Figure 8 (a) Average off-time proba
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ferent samples while keeping the sa
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strates that two separate mechanism
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Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
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linking data were not interpreted u
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7Electrical Properties ofSemiconduc
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type of simple device does not work
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energy change between initial and f
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able with thermal energies at room
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[13]. The presence of these higher-
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integrating sphere allows accurate
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Figure 5 Current-voltage characteri
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ster energy transfer, and nonradiat
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where r is the quantum dot effectiv
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Figure 8 Energy level diagram for t
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Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
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Figure 10 Transmission electron mic
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induced electron transfer by monito
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dependent fluorescence quenching an
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Figure 13 Illustration of a two-ter
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B. Close-Packed CdSe FilmsLike mono
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Figure 15 (a) Current-voltage (I-V)
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For samples measured in darkness, t
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elieve that by observing identical
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crystals from which it was prepared
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Figure 20Energy level diagram for n
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Figure 21 Morphological extremes of
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moderate aspect ratios. This sugges
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22. Brus, L.E. J. Chem. Phys. 1983,
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81. Millo, O.; Katz, D.; Levi, Y.;
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8Tunneling and Optical Spectroscopy
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probed in the optical measurements.
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II.GENERAL COMPARISON BETWEEN TUNNE
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Figure 2 Schematic description of t
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Similar expressions are used for tu
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narrow size distribution (less then
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tection window, E det , was set to
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electron and hole states: nQ F , wh
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nearly equidistant peaks. We attrib
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Figure 10 Size evolution of the tun
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Coulomb interaction that is absent
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Figure 12 Tunneling spectra measure
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Figure 14 (a) Tunneling spectra mea
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through the discrete QD levels is o
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Figure 17 Absorption (solid lines)
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Figure 19 Photoluminescence excitat
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Figure 20 Wave-function imaging and
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VII.CONCLUDING REMARKSThe combinati
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36. Cao, Y.W.; Banin, U. J. Am. Che
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9III-V Quantum Dots andQuantum Dot
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particles [1,3,4]. Consequently, a
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decomposition temperature (>200jC);
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Figure 3 Absorption and emission sp
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Bulk GaP is an indirect semiconduct
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The synthesis was conducted in rigo
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Figure 4 Photoluminescence spectra
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Figure 6 Diagram explaining formati
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from states deep within the band ga
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Figure 9 Representative pairs of PL
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Figure 11 Global PL and anti-Stokes
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To explain these results, the follo
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UCPL process would not show such a
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accepted as the underlying mechanis
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Figure 15 Two-color PL blinking in
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Figure 17 Comparison of absorption
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film. This quantization regime lead
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cooling time because a quantized tr
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process is inhibited by rapidly rem
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Figure 19 Transmission electron mic
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Figure 20 Evidence for inter-QD ele
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Figure 21 Absorption (dashed lines)
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Figure 22 Photoluminescence spectra
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The solar spectrum contains photons
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Figure 24 Possible configurations o
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2. Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Nanocryst
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7. Guzelian, A.A.; Katari, J.E.B.;
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62. Kuno, M.; Fromm, D.P.; Hamann,
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115. Kral, K.; Khas, Z. Phys. Statu
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Technologies: First NREL Conference
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Figure 1 Left: High-resolution tran
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imaged the internal colloidal opal
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B. Metal Nanocrystal SynthesisOrgan
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The organic monolayer-coated, steri
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given by q = |q| = (4k/E) sin(u). T
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IðqÞ ¼ Ið0Þexpð q 2 R 2 g =3
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S( q) can then be extracted directl
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nanocrystal size distribution. As a
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provides a conceptual framework for
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approach each other, the ligand tai
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Many features observed for superlat
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deposit as the droplet snaps away s
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currents are very low with conducti
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Figure 14 (A) Optical micrograph of
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Figure 17 Transmission electron mic
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8. Shevchenko, E.; Talapin, D.; Kor
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11Optical Spectroscopy of SurfacePl
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Figure 1 (a) Ultraviolet-visible ab
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For nanoparticles that are much sma
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Figure 3 (a) Ultraviolet-visible ab
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dation effects also become importan
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interband term e B (x) and a Drude
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shows the dephasing times T 2 deriv
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Figure 5 (a) Femtosecond transient
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Figure 6 Electron-phonon dynamics i
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in Fig. 7c. Because the average vol
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equired to reduce the number of nan
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Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
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Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
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Melting into spheres having a compa
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average aspect ratio of 2.9. The ex
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5. Storhoff, J.J.; Mirkin, C.A. Che
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12Time-Resolved Spectroscopyof Meta
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species will attack any dissolved s
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Figure 1 Transient absorption data
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the transient absorption data depen
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Figure 4 Harmonic oscillator model
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oth the electronic and lattic contr
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Figure 6 Ultraviolet-visible absorp
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s Au = 0.65 ps was determined from
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the specific system studied—Pt-Au
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36. Hartland, G.V. J. Chem. Phys. 2