Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

More documents

Recommendations

Info

5. Storhoff, J.J.; Mirkin, C.A. Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1849.6. Heath, J.R.; Shiang, J.J. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1998, 27, 65.7. Faraday, M. Phil. Trans. 1857, 147, 145.8. Kreibig, U.; Vollmer, M. Optical Properties of Metal Clusters; Berlin: Springen-Verlag, 1995.9. Kerker, M. The Scattering of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation; NewYork: Academic Press, 1969.10. Bohren, C.F.; Huffman, D.R. Absorption and Scattering of Light by SmallParticles; New York: Wiley, 1983.11. Mie, G. Ann. Phys. 1908, 25, 329.12. Kreibig, U.; Genzel, U. Surface Sci. 1985, 156, 678.13. Kreibig, U.; von Fragstein, C. Z. Phys. 1969, 224, 307.14. Soennichsen, C.; Franzl, T.; Wilk, G.; von Plessen, G.; Feldmann, J.; Wilson, O.;Mulvaney, P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002, 88, 77,402.15. Link, S.; El-Sayed, M.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 4212.16. Liau, Y.H.; Unterreiner, A.N.; Chang, Q.; Scherer, N.F. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001,105, 2135.17. Voisin, C.; Del Fatti, N.; Christofilos, D.; Vallee, F. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105,2264.18. Bigot, J.-Y.; Halte, V.; Merle, J.C.; Danois, A. Chem. Phys. 2000, 251, 181.19. Stagira, S.; Nisoli, M.; De Silvesti, S.; Stella, A.; Tognini, P.; Cheyssac, P.;Kofman, R. Chem. Phys. 2000, 251, 259.20. Perner, M.; Bost, P.; von Plessen, G.; Feldmann, J.; Becker, U.; Mennig, M.;Schmidt, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 78, 2192.21. Hodak, J.H.; Henglein, A.; Hartland, G.V. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 9954.22. Link, S.; El-Sayed, M.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 8410.23. El-Sayed, M.A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2001, 34, 257.24. Hodak, J.H.; Henglein, A.; Hartland, G.V. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 111, 8613.25. Del Fatti, N.; Voisin, C.; Chevy, F.; Vallee, F.; Flytzanis, C. J. Chem. Phys. 1999,110, 11,484.26. Link, S.; Burda, C.; Mohamed, M.B.; Nikoobakht, B.; El-Sayed, M.A. J. Phys.Chem. A 1999, 103, 1165.27. Link, S.; Burda, C.; Nikoobakht, B.; El-Sayed, M.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104,6152.28. Link, S.; El-Sayed, M.A. J. Chem. Phys. 2001, 114, 2362.29. Link, S.; Wang, Z.L.; El-Sayed, M.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 7867.30. Link, S.; Burda, C.; Nikoobakht, B.; El-Sayed, M.A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1999,315, 12.31. Creighton, J.A.; Eadon, D.G. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1991, 87, 3881.32. Link, S.; Wang, Z.L.; El-Sayed, M.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 3529.33. van der Zande, B.M.I.; Bohmer, M.R.; Fokkink, L.G.J.; Schonenberger, C. J.Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 852.34. Yu, Y.; Chang, S.; Lee, C.; Wang, C.R.C. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 6661.35. Mohamed, M.B.; Ismael, K.Z.; Link, S.; El-Sayed, M.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998,102, 9370.Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
36. Papavassiliou, G.C. Prog. Solid State Chem. 1979, 12, 185.37. Alvarez, M.M.; Khoury, J.T.; Schaaff, T.G.; Shafigullin, M.N.; Vezmer, I.;Whetten, R.L. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 3706.38. Schaaff, T.G.; Shafigullin, M.N.; Khoury, J.T.; Vezmer, I.; Whetten, R.L.;Cullen, W.G.; First, P.N.; Wing, C.; Ascensio, J.; Yacaman, M.J. J. Phys. Chem.B 1997, 101, 7885.39. Hostetler, M.J.; Wingate, J.E.; Zhong, C.J.; Harris, J.E.; Vachet, R.W.; Clark,M.R.; Londono, J.D.; Green, S.J.; Stokes, J.J.; Wignall, G.D.; Glish, G.L.;Porter, M.D.; Evans, N.D.; Murray, R.W. Langmuir 1998, 14, 17.40. Ashcroft, N.W.; Mermin, N.D. Solid State Physics; Philadelphia: SaundersCollege, 1976.41. Heilweil, E.J.; Hochstrasser, R.M. J. Chem. Phys. 1985, 82, 4762.42. Wood, D.M.; Ashcroft, N.W. Phys. Rev. B 1982, 25, 6255.43. Kraus, W.A.; Schatz, G.C. J. Chem. Phys. 1983, 79, 6130.44. Yannouleas, C.; Broglia, R.A. Ann. Phys. 1992, 217, 105.45. Brack, M. Rev. Mod. Phys. 1993, 65, 677.46. Bonacic-Koutecky, V.; Fantucci, P.; Koutecky, J. Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 1035.47. Palpant, B.; Prevel, B.; Lerme, J.; Cottancin, E.; Pellarin, M.; Treilleux, M.;Perez, A.; Vialle, J.L.; Broyer, M. Phys. Rev. B 1998, 57, 1963.48. Persson, N.J. Surface Sci. 1993, 281, 153.49. Itoh, T.; Asahi, T.; Masuhara, H. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 41, L76.50. Klar, T.; Perner, M.; Grosse, S.; von Plessen, G.; Spirkl, W.; Feldmann, J. Phys.Rev. Lett. 1998, 80, 4249.51. Lamprecht, B.; Leitner, A.; Aussenegg, F.R. Appl. Phys. B 1999, 68, 419.52. Sun, C.K.; Vallee, F.; Acioli, L.H.; Ippen, E.; Fujimoto, J.G. Phys. Rev. B 1994,50, 15,337.53. Anisimov, L.; Kapeliovich, B.L.; Perel’man, T.L. Sov. Phys. JETP 1975, 39, 375.54. Belotskii, E.D.; Tomchuk, P.M. Int. J. Electron 1992, 73, 915.55. Hodak, J.H.; Henglein, A.; Hartland, G.V. J. Chem. Phys. 2000, 112, 5942.56. Wang, Z.L.; Mohamed, M.B.; Link, S.; El-Sayed, M.A. Surface Sci. 1999, 440,L809.57. Chang, S.; Shih, C.; Chen, C.; Lai, W.; Wang, C.R.C. Langmuir 1999, 15, 701.58. Kamat, P.V.; Flumiani, M.; Hartland, G.V. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 3123.59. Kurita, H.; Takami, A.; Koda, S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 72, 789.60. Takami, A.; Kurita, H.; Koda, S. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 1226.61. Mafune, F.; Kohno, J.; Takeda, Y.; Kondow, T. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106,7575.62. Mafune, F.; Kohno, J.; Takeda, Y.; Kondow, T. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105,9050.63. Mafune, F.; Kohno, J.; Takeda, Y.; Kondow, T.; Schwabe, H. J. Phys. Chem. B2001, 105, 5114.64. Stuart, B.C.; Feit, M.D.; Herman, S.; Rubenchik, A.M.; Shore, B.W.; Perry,M.D. Phys. Rev. B 1996, 53, 1749.65. Sokolowski-Tinten, K.; Bialkowski, J.; Cavalleri, A.; von der Linde, D.; Oparin,A.; Meyer-ter-Vehn, J.; Anisimov, S.I. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 81, 224.Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 1:
Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
Page 4 and 5:
Page 6 and 7:
Page 8 and 9:
This book covers several topics of
Page 10 and 11:
esult, some exciting topics were no
Page 12 and 13:
3. Fine Structure and Polarization
Page 14 and 15:
9. III-V Quantum Dots and Quantum D
Page 16 and 17:
ContributorsUri BaninThe Hebrew Uni
Page 18 and 19:
1‘‘Soft’’ Chemical Synthesi
Page 20 and 21:
structure of energy states leads to
Page 22 and 23:
growth can proceed by Ostwald ripen
Page 24 and 25:
Figure 3 Transmission electron micr
Page 26 and 27:
Figure 4 Temporal evolution of the
Page 28 and 29:
No. 26, are f85% (Fig. 6) [21]. Alt
Page 30 and 31:
tion spectra and broad PL spectra.
Page 32 and 33:
ing surface-to-volume ratio with di
Page 34 and 35:
Figure 8 Photoluminescence spectra
Page 36 and 37:
lattice mismatch. Such a large latt
Page 38 and 39:
match between InAs and ZnS of f11%.
Page 40 and 41:
successfully repeated for up to thr
Page 42 and 43:
Under a different growth regime, on
Page 44 and 45:
Figure 14 Atomic model of the CdSe
Page 46 and 47:
‘‘Teardrop-shaped’’ particl
Page 48 and 49:
Figure 17 High-resolution TEMs of C
Page 50 and 51:
allows isolation of tetrapods in f8
Page 52 and 53:
ligand concentrations yield a reduc
Page 54 and 55:
een determined and quantitatively c
Page 56 and 57:
tion volumes were also shown to be
Page 58 and 59:
synthesis temperatures of z400jC ar
Page 60 and 61:
Figure 23 (a) Photoluminescence spe
Page 62 and 63:
levels (fV1 Mn per NQD). Despite in
Page 64 and 65:
Figure 25 X-ray diffraction pattern
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 27 Transmission electron mic
Page 68 and 69:
An additional factor that strongly
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 30 (a,b) Schematics illustra
Page 72 and 73:
Slow, controlled precipitation of h
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 34 Schematic illustrating th
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
achieving biological compatibility
Page 80 and 81:
47. Yu H.; Gibbons P.C.; Kelton K.F
Page 82 and 83:
2Electronic Structure inSemiconduct
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 2 (a) Simple model of a nano
Page 88 and 89:
electron and hole to be treated as
Page 90 and 91:
independently, Eq. (13) is commonly
Page 92:
a better description of the bulk ba
Page 95 and 96:
investigated. For optical experimen
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 4 (a) Absorption (solid line
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 6 Normalized PLE scans for s
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 8 A simplistic model for des
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 10 Theoretically predicted p
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 12 Schematics depicting the
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 14 Calculated band-edge exci
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 15 Absorption (solid line) a
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 18 (a) Calculated band-edge
Page 113 and 114:
IV.BEYOND CdSeA. Indium Arsenide Na
Page 115 and 116:
the six-band Luttinger Hamiltonian.
Page 117 and 118:
11. Norris, D.J.; Efros, Al.L.; Ros
Page 119 and 120:
69. Gaponenko, S.V.; Woggon, U.; Sa
Page 121 and 122:
formation of a long-lived dark exci
Page 123 and 124:
where the constant A is determined
Page 125 and 126:
In crystals for which the function
Page 127 and 128:
The respective wave functions areC
Page 129 and 130:
passive, as was shown in Ref. 12. T
Page 131 and 132:
square of the matrix element of the
Page 133 and 134:
where e F = e F ieV and e F F = e x
Page 135 and 136:
see that for all nanocrystal shapes
Page 137 and 138:
optical recombination of the excito
Page 139 and 140:
B. Recombination of the Dark Excito
Page 141 and 142:
where x = cos h and f = l B g e H/3
Page 143 and 144:
The theory of the polarization memo
Page 145 and 146:
Figure 7 The size dependence of the
Page 147 and 148:
state would have an infinite lifeti
Page 149 and 150:
crystal axis [see Eq. (40)]. As a r
Page 151 and 152:
time of the exciton momentum relaxa
Page 153 and 154:
One must also account for the influ
Page 155 and 156:
observed in one of the first studie
Page 157 and 158:
REFERENCES1. Bawendi, M.G.; Wilson,
Page 159 and 160:
4Intraband Spectroscopyand Dynamics
Page 161 and 162:
The solid line in Fig. 1 shows the
Page 163 and 164:
Figure 2 FTIR spectra of n-type CdS
Page 165 and 166:
of the center frequency. The experi
Page 167 and 168:
limit given by radiative relaxation
Page 169 and 170:
from a long lifetime due to the pho
Page 171 and 172:
are two natural approaches to study
Page 173 and 174:
32. Inoshita, T.; Sakaki, H. Physic
Page 175 and 176:
continuous spectral tunability over
Page 177 and 178:
function and envelope function mome
Page 179 and 180:
ottleneck’’ [14,28]. Further re
Page 181 and 182:
in NQDs is dominated by nonphonon e
Page 183 and 184:
Figure 4 Dynamics of the IR postpum
Page 185 and 186:
Figure 5 (a) Time-resolved PL spect
Page 187 and 188:
Figure 6 (a) The time delay of the
Page 189 and 190:
and due to Auger-type e-h interacti
Page 191 and 192:
Figure 9 Dynamics of the 1S bleachi
Page 193 and 194:
significantly greater than the fast
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 11 (a) Pump-intensity-depend
Page 197 and 198:
NQD size. For small NQD sizes (R =
Page 199 and 200:
Figure 14 Nonlinear absorption/gain
Page 201 and 202:
sorption change associated with a s
Page 203 and 204:
where n h em is the hole ‘‘emit
Page 205 and 206:
ultrafast (subpicosecond to picosec
Page 207 and 208:
Figure 18 Schematic of transitions
Page 209 and 210:
Figure 19 Dynamics of pump-induced
Page 211 and 212:
where n i (i=1, 2 . . . , N ) is th
Page 213 and 214:
Figure 21 (a) Two-e-h-pair (biexcit
Page 215 and 216:
the volume fraction (filling factor
Page 217 and 218:
intensity dependence of this peak (
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
can contribute to the saturation of
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
coupling between ‘‘volume’’
Page 227 and 228:
numerous discussions on the photoph
Page 229 and 230:
53. Kang, K.; Kepner, A.; Gaponenko
Page 231 and 232:
the ‘‘on-off ’’ emission in
Page 233 and 234:
parallel form of data acquisition i
Page 235 and 236:
Figure 3 (a) Spectral time trace of
Page 237 and 238:
transition energies. In fact, these
Page 239 and 240:
distribution (dark line) does not d
Page 241 and 242:
exposure to only room light. In our
Page 243 and 244:
statistics for the off times are in
Page 245 and 246:
230Shimizu and BawendiCopyright 200
Page 247 and 248:
Figure 10 (a) Time trace of a CdSe(
Page 249 and 250:
and excited QD core states to fluct
Page 251 and 252:
arrows indicate the on-time truncat
Page 253 and 254:
W. K. Woo and V. C. Sundar for assi
Page 255 and 256:
size allows the electron affinity a
Page 257 and 258:
II.THEORY OF ELECTRON TRANSFER BETW
Page 259 and 260:
For the specific case of charge tra
Page 261 and 262:
dominates, the mobility is often fi
Page 263 and 264:
where the constant A and the temper
Page 265 and 266:
components of modulation which are
Page 267 and 268:
nanocrystals [41], understanding ph
Page 269 and 270:
and ionization potential through tw
Page 271 and 272:
quantum dots. Furthermore, because
Page 273 and 274:
For many applications, a host mater
Page 275 and 276:
form blends with morphologies that
Page 277 and 278:
Figure 11 Photoluminescence efficie
Page 279 and 280:
Figure 12 (a) Room-temperature PIA
Page 281 and 282:
discussed briefly in Section IV. Ch
Page 283 and 284:
dithiolates to thiol-terminated DNA
Page 285 and 286:
Films of passivated CdSe nanocrysta
Page 287 and 288:
Figure 16 Photocurrent action spect
Page 289 and 290:
decay with stretched exponential ki
Page 291 and 292:
siderably larger than might be esti
Page 293 and 294:
dispersing CdSe nanocrystal chromop
Page 295 and 296:
memory and charge storage effects [
Page 297 and 298:
all) of the optically excited elect
Page 299 and 300:
composites of nanocrystals and conj
Page 301 and 302:
55. Asbury, J.B.; Hao, E.C.; Wang,
Page 303 and 304:
108. Morgan, N.Y.; Leatherdale, C.A
Page 305 and 306:
The approaches to fabrication of se
Page 307 and 308:
Figure 1 Experimental realization o
Page 309 and 310:
Due to this voltage division, the m
Page 311 and 312:
Figure 3 Simulated tunneling spectr
Page 313 and 314:
electron charging. In both positive
Page 315 and 316:
Figure 5 shows the typical features
Page 317 and 318:
Figure 7 Map of levels for InAs nan
Page 319 and 320:
Figure 8 Scanning electron microsco
Page 321 and 322:
D CB = 0.31 eV is thus obtained. On
Page 323 and 324:
Figure 11 Correlation of optical an
Page 325 and 326:
atomistic approach based on pseudop
Page 327 and 328:
charging indicated that the tunneli
Page 329 and 330:
capacitance values were also kept t
Page 331 and 332:
could not be detected in the QD/DT/
Page 333 and 334:
Figure 18 Tunneling conductanceF sp
Page 335 and 336:
data in the inset of Fig. 19 repres
Page 337 and 338:
corresponding to the s-like wave fu
Page 339 and 340:
7. Grabert, H.; Devoret, M.H., Eds.
Page 341 and 342:
66. Su, B.; Goldman, V.J.; Cunningh
Page 343 and 344:
dimensional confinement are created
Page 345 and 346:
Figure 1 Transmission electron micr
Page 347 and 348:
The room-temperature absorption and
Page 349 and 350:
narrower in samples with larger mea
Page 351 and 352:
GaInP 2 QDs from a plot of the squa
Page 353 and 354:
crystal, indicating lattice-matched
Page 355 and 356:
Figure 5 Evolution of Stranski-Kras
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
C. Efficient Anti-Stokes Photolumin
Page 363 and 364:
Because HF treatment has been shown
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
intensity of the PL when it is on a
Page 369 and 370:
eV stems from recombining carriers
Page 371 and 372:
Figure 16 Model to explain two-colo
Page 373 and 374:
although this term is not rigorousl
Page 375 and 376:
10 ps (about an order of magnitude
Page 377 and 378:
electron relaxation is inhibited an
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
QDs, the nature of the QD capping s
Page 383 and 384:
QD solution. For an interdot distan
Page 385 and 386:
emission spectra of the two individ
Page 387 and 388:
Figure 23 Change of the PL intensit
Page 389 and 390:
(viz. the absorbed light intensity)
Page 391 and 392:
Figure 25Impact ionization in QDs.m
Page 393 and 394:
prevent electron-hole recombination
Page 395 and 396:
36. Miller, R.D.J.; McLendon, G.; N
Page 397 and 398:
91. Vurgaftman, I.; Singh, J. Appl.
Page 399 and 400:
139. Mićić, O.I.; Ahrenkiel, S.P.
Page 401 and 402:
10Synthesis and Fabrication of Meta
Page 403 and 404:
Figure 2 (A-C) Progression of HR-TE
Page 405 and 406:
Figure 3 Schematic for gold nanocry
Page 407 and 408:
Nanocrystal growth can occur by two
Page 409 and 410:
on the other hand, provide an ensem
Page 411 and 412:
Figure 6 (a) SAXS patterns for disp
Page 413 and 414: Figure 8 The gold nanocrystal film
Page 415 and 416: of the stabilizing ligand, and the
Page 417 and 418: successfully modeled the 2D island
Page 419 and 420: 2. Steric Stabilization and a Soft
Page 421 and 422: are fully extended. Moving away fro
Page 423 and 424: Figure 11 High-resolution SEM image
Page 425 and 426: Figure 13 (A) Transmission electron
Page 427 and 428: function of the density of localize
Page 429 and 430: Figure 15 High-resolution SEM image
Page 431 and 432: thiol-capped nanocrystals [2]. The
Page 433 and 434: 41. Ackerson, B.J. Nature 1993, 365
Page 435 and 436: with the effect of the particle com
Page 437 and 438: Figure 1a shows the surface plasmon
Page 439 and 440: Figure 2 (a) Ultraviolet-visible ab
Page 441 and 442: agents [34]. The short-wavelength b
Page 443 and 444: Figure 4 (a) Plot of the plasmon ab
Page 445 and 446: the framework of traditional Mie’
Page 447 and 448: show that effects due to the surrou
Page 449 and 450: is located at the position of the g
Page 451 and 452: Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
Page 453 and 454: Figure 8 Ultraviolet-visible absorp
Page 455 and 456: laser pulses while being mixed in t
Page 457 and 458: Figure 10 shows HR-TEM images of go
Page 459 and 460: Figure 11 Transmission electron mic
Page 461 and 462: final irradiation product. At the s
Page 463: following the laser excitation appe
Page 467 and 468: particles to expand. Because the he
Page 469 and 470: was frequency doubled in a 1-mm B-
Page 471 and 472: Figure 2 Frequency of the acoustic
Page 473 and 474: Figure 3 Change in radius (DR/R) ve
Page 475 and 476: In this model, the electrons couple
Page 477 and 478: Figure 5 Transient bleach data for
Page 479 and 480: Figure 7 (a) Transient bleach data
Page 481 and 482: that the particles with >80% Au hav
Page 483 and 484: 3. Del Fatti, N.; Valle´e, F.; Fly
show all

Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?