Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

More documents

Recommendations

Info

36. Cao, Y.W.; Banin, U. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 9692.37. Kershaw, S.V.; Burt, M.; Harrison, M.; Rogach, A.; Weller, H.; Eychmuller, A.Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 1694.38. Harrison, M.T.; Kershaw, S.V.; Rogach, A.L.; Kornowski, A.; Eychmuller, A.;Weller, H. Adv. Mater 2000, 12, 123.39. Peng, X.G.; Manna, L.; Yang, W.D.; Wickham, J.; Scher, E.; Kadavanich, A.;Alivisatos, A.P. Nature 2000, 404, 59.40. Manna, L.; Scher, E.C.; Alivisatos, A.P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12,700.41. Peng, Z.A.; Peng, X. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 1389.42. Hu, J.; Li, L.S.; Yang, W.; Manna, L.; Wang, L.W.; Alivisatos, A.P. Science2001, 292, 2060.43. Vahala, K.J.; Sercel, P.C. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1990, 65, 239.44. Norris, D.J.; Sacra, A.; Murray, C.B.; Bawendi, M.G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994,72, 2612.45. Norris, D.J.; Bawendi, M.G. Phys. Rev. B 1996, 53, 16,338.46. Bertram, D.; Micic, O.I.; Nozik, A.J. Phys. Rev. B 1998, 57, R4265.47. Banin, U.; Lee, J.C.; Guzelian, A.A.; Kadavanich, A.V.; Alivisatos, A.P.; Jaskolski,W.; Bryant, G.W.; Efros, Al.L.; Rosen, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1998, 109,2306.48. Banin, U.; Lee, J.C.; Guzelian, A.A.; Kadavanich, A.V.; Alivisatos, A.P. SuperlatticesMicrostruct. 1997, 22, 559.49. Ekimov, A.I.; Hache, F.; Schanne-Klein, M.C.; Ricard, D.; Flytzanis, C.;Kudryavtsev, I.A.; Yazeva, T.V.; Rodina, A.V.; Efros, A.L. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B1993, 10, 100.50. Fu, H.; Wang, L.W.; Zunger, A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 71, 3433.51. Williamson, A.J.; Zunger, A. Phys. Rev. B 2000, 61, 1978.52. Porath, D.; Levi, Y.; Tarabiah, M.; Millo, O. Phys. Rev. B 1997, 56, 9829.53. Porath, D.; Millo, O. J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 85, 2241.54. Kastner, M.A. Phys. Today, 1993, 46, 24.55. Kouwenhoven, L. Science 1997, 257, 1896; Service, R.F. Science 1997, 275, 303.56. Amman, M.; Mullen, K.; Ben-Jacob, E. J. Appl. Phys. 1989, 65, 339.57. Hanna, A.E.; Tinkham, M. Phys. Rev. B 1991, 44, 5919.58. Klein, D.L.; Roth, R.; Lim, A.K.L.; Alivisatos, A.P.; McEuen, P.L. Nature1997, 389, 699; Klein, D.L., et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 68, 2574.59. Alperson, B.; Cohen, S.; Rubinstein, I.; Hodes, G. Phys. Rev. B 1995, 52,17,017.60. Bar-Sadeh, E.; Goldstein, Y.; Zhang, C.; Deng, H.; Abeles, B.; Millo, O. Phys.Rev. B 1994, 50, 8961.61. Bar-Sadeh, et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 1995, 13, 1084.62. Dubois, J.G.A.; Gerritsen, J.W.; Shafranjuk, S.E.; Boon, E.J.G.; Schmid, G.;van Kempen, H. Europhys. Lett. 1995, 33, 279.63. Schoenenberg, C.; van Houten, H.; Donkerlost, H.C. Europhys. Lett. 1992, 20,249.64. Bakkers, E.P.A.M.; Vanmaekelbergh, D. Phys. Rev. B 2000, 62, 7743.65. Katz, D.; Millo, O.; Kan, S.H.; Banin, U. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 117.Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
66. Su, B.; Goldman, V.J.; Cunningham, J.E. Phys. Rev. B 1992, 46, 7664.67. Vdovin, E.E., et al. Science 2000, 290, 122.68. Crommie, M.F.; Lutz, C.P.; Eigler, D.M. Science 1993, 262, 218.69. Venema, L.C., et al. Science 1999, 283, 52.70. Pan, S.H.; Hudson, E.W.; Lang, K.M.; Eisaki, H.; Uchida, S.; Davis, J.C.Nature 2000, 403, 746.71. Grandidier, B., et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2000, 85, 1068.72. Millo, O.; Katz, D.; Cao, Y-W.; Banin, U. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 86, 5751.73. Wolf, E.L. Principles of Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy; Oxford UniversityPress: Oxford, 1989.74. Wiesendanger, R. Scanning Probe Microscopy and Spectroscopy; CambridgeUniversity Press: London, 1994.75. Colvin, V.L.; Goldstein, A.N.; Alivisatos, A.P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114,5221.76. Efros, A.L.; Rosen, M. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2000, 30, 475.77. Rabani, E.; Hetenyi, B.; Berne, B.J.; Brus, L.E. J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 110, 5355.78. Franceschetti, A.; Fu, H.; Wang, L.W.; Zunger, A. Phys. Rev. B 1999, 60, 1819.79. Zunger, A. MRS Bull. 1998, 23, 35.80. Franceschetti, A.; Zunger, A. Phys. Rev. B 2000, 62, 2614.81. Franceschetti, A.; Zunger, A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 76, 1731.82. Niquet, Y.M.; Delerue, C.; Lannoo, M.; Allan, G. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64, 3305.83. Lifshitz, E.; Glozman, A.; Litvin, I.D.; Porteanu, H. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000,104, 10,449.84. Millo, O.; Katz, D.; Cao, Y.W.; Banin, U. J. Low Temp. Phys. 2000, 118, 365.85. Alperson, B.; Hodes, G.; Rubinstein, I.; Porath, D.; Millo, O. Appl. Phys. Lett.1999, 75, 1751.86. Terrill, R.H.; Postlethwaite, T.A.; Chen, C-H.; Poon, C-D.; Terzis, A.; Chen,A.; Hutchison, J.E.; Clark, M.R.; Wignall, G.; Londono, J.D.; Superfine, R.;Falvo, M.; Johnson, C.S.; Samulski, E.T.; Murray, R.W. J. Am. Chem. Soc.1995, 117, 12,537.87. Schlamp, M.C.; Peng, X.G.; Alivisatos, A.P. J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 82, 5837.88. Mattoussi, H.; Radzilowski, L.H.; Dabbousi, B.O.; Thomas, E.L.; Bawendi,M.G.; Rubner, M.F. J. Appl. Phys. 1998, 83, 7965.89. Kuno, M.; Lee, J.K.; Dabbousi, B.O.; Mikulec, F.V.; Bawendi, M.G. J. Chem.Phys. 1997, 106, 9869.90. Schooss, D., et al. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 49, 17,072.Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 1:
Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
Page 4 and 5:
Page 6 and 7:
Page 8 and 9:
This book covers several topics of
Page 10 and 11:
esult, some exciting topics were no
Page 12 and 13:
3. Fine Structure and Polarization
Page 14 and 15:
9. III-V Quantum Dots and Quantum D
Page 16 and 17:
ContributorsUri BaninThe Hebrew Uni
Page 18 and 19:
1‘‘Soft’’ Chemical Synthesi
Page 20 and 21:
structure of energy states leads to
Page 22 and 23:
growth can proceed by Ostwald ripen
Page 24 and 25:
Figure 3 Transmission electron micr
Page 26 and 27:
Figure 4 Temporal evolution of the
Page 28 and 29:
No. 26, are f85% (Fig. 6) [21]. Alt
Page 30 and 31:
tion spectra and broad PL spectra.
Page 32 and 33:
ing surface-to-volume ratio with di
Page 34 and 35:
Figure 8 Photoluminescence spectra
Page 36 and 37:
lattice mismatch. Such a large latt
Page 38 and 39:
match between InAs and ZnS of f11%.
Page 40 and 41:
successfully repeated for up to thr
Page 42 and 43:
Under a different growth regime, on
Page 44 and 45:
Figure 14 Atomic model of the CdSe
Page 46 and 47:
‘‘Teardrop-shaped’’ particl
Page 48 and 49:
Figure 17 High-resolution TEMs of C
Page 50 and 51:
allows isolation of tetrapods in f8
Page 52 and 53:
ligand concentrations yield a reduc
Page 54 and 55:
een determined and quantitatively c
Page 56 and 57:
tion volumes were also shown to be
Page 58 and 59:
synthesis temperatures of z400jC ar
Page 60 and 61:
Figure 23 (a) Photoluminescence spe
Page 62 and 63:
levels (fV1 Mn per NQD). Despite in
Page 64 and 65:
Figure 25 X-ray diffraction pattern
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 27 Transmission electron mic
Page 68 and 69:
An additional factor that strongly
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 30 (a,b) Schematics illustra
Page 72 and 73:
Slow, controlled precipitation of h
Page 74 and 75:
Figure 34 Schematic illustrating th
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
achieving biological compatibility
Page 80 and 81:
47. Yu H.; Gibbons P.C.; Kelton K.F
Page 82 and 83:
2Electronic Structure inSemiconduct
Page 84 and 85:
Figure 2 (a) Simple model of a nano
Page 88 and 89:
electron and hole to be treated as
Page 90 and 91:
independently, Eq. (13) is commonly
Page 92:
a better description of the bulk ba
Page 95 and 96:
investigated. For optical experimen
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 4 (a) Absorption (solid line
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 6 Normalized PLE scans for s
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 8 A simplistic model for des
Page 103 and 104:
Figure 10 Theoretically predicted p
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 12 Schematics depicting the
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 14 Calculated band-edge exci
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 15 Absorption (solid line) a
Page 111 and 112:
Figure 18 (a) Calculated band-edge
Page 113 and 114:
IV.BEYOND CdSeA. Indium Arsenide Na
Page 115 and 116:
the six-band Luttinger Hamiltonian.
Page 117 and 118:
11. Norris, D.J.; Efros, Al.L.; Ros
Page 119 and 120:
69. Gaponenko, S.V.; Woggon, U.; Sa
Page 121 and 122:
formation of a long-lived dark exci
Page 123 and 124:
where the constant A is determined
Page 125 and 126:
In crystals for which the function
Page 127 and 128:
The respective wave functions areC
Page 129 and 130:
passive, as was shown in Ref. 12. T
Page 131 and 132:
square of the matrix element of the
Page 133 and 134:
where e F = e F ieV and e F F = e x
Page 135 and 136:
see that for all nanocrystal shapes
Page 137 and 138:
optical recombination of the excito
Page 139 and 140:
B. Recombination of the Dark Excito
Page 141 and 142:
where x = cos h and f = l B g e H/3
Page 143 and 144:
The theory of the polarization memo
Page 145 and 146:
Figure 7 The size dependence of the
Page 147 and 148:
state would have an infinite lifeti
Page 149 and 150:
crystal axis [see Eq. (40)]. As a r
Page 151 and 152:
time of the exciton momentum relaxa
Page 153 and 154:
One must also account for the influ
Page 155 and 156:
observed in one of the first studie
Page 157 and 158:
REFERENCES1. Bawendi, M.G.; Wilson,
Page 159 and 160:
4Intraband Spectroscopyand Dynamics
Page 161 and 162:
The solid line in Fig. 1 shows the
Page 163 and 164:
Figure 2 FTIR spectra of n-type CdS
Page 165 and 166:
of the center frequency. The experi
Page 167 and 168:
limit given by radiative relaxation
Page 169 and 170:
from a long lifetime due to the pho
Page 171 and 172:
are two natural approaches to study
Page 173 and 174:
32. Inoshita, T.; Sakaki, H. Physic
Page 175 and 176:
continuous spectral tunability over
Page 177 and 178:
function and envelope function mome
Page 179 and 180:
ottleneck’’ [14,28]. Further re
Page 181 and 182:
in NQDs is dominated by nonphonon e
Page 183 and 184:
Figure 4 Dynamics of the IR postpum
Page 185 and 186:
Figure 5 (a) Time-resolved PL spect
Page 187 and 188:
Figure 6 (a) The time delay of the
Page 189 and 190:
and due to Auger-type e-h interacti
Page 191 and 192:
Figure 9 Dynamics of the 1S bleachi
Page 193 and 194:
significantly greater than the fast
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 11 (a) Pump-intensity-depend
Page 197 and 198:
NQD size. For small NQD sizes (R =
Page 199 and 200:
Figure 14 Nonlinear absorption/gain
Page 201 and 202:
sorption change associated with a s
Page 203 and 204:
where n h em is the hole ‘‘emit
Page 205 and 206:
ultrafast (subpicosecond to picosec
Page 207 and 208:
Figure 18 Schematic of transitions
Page 209 and 210:
Figure 19 Dynamics of pump-induced
Page 211 and 212:
where n i (i=1, 2 . . . , N ) is th
Page 213 and 214:
Figure 21 (a) Two-e-h-pair (biexcit
Page 215 and 216:
the volume fraction (filling factor
Page 217 and 218:
intensity dependence of this peak (
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
can contribute to the saturation of
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
coupling between ‘‘volume’’
Page 227 and 228:
numerous discussions on the photoph
Page 229 and 230:
53. Kang, K.; Kepner, A.; Gaponenko
Page 231 and 232:
the ‘‘on-off ’’ emission in
Page 233 and 234:
parallel form of data acquisition i
Page 235 and 236:
Figure 3 (a) Spectral time trace of
Page 237 and 238:
transition energies. In fact, these
Page 239 and 240:
distribution (dark line) does not d
Page 241 and 242:
exposure to only room light. In our
Page 243 and 244:
statistics for the off times are in
Page 245 and 246:
230Shimizu and BawendiCopyright 200
Page 247 and 248:
Figure 10 (a) Time trace of a CdSe(
Page 249 and 250:
and excited QD core states to fluct
Page 251 and 252:
arrows indicate the on-time truncat
Page 253 and 254:
W. K. Woo and V. C. Sundar for assi
Page 255 and 256:
size allows the electron affinity a
Page 257 and 258:
II.THEORY OF ELECTRON TRANSFER BETW
Page 259 and 260:
For the specific case of charge tra
Page 261 and 262:
dominates, the mobility is often fi
Page 263 and 264:
where the constant A and the temper
Page 265 and 266:
components of modulation which are
Page 267 and 268:
nanocrystals [41], understanding ph
Page 269 and 270:
and ionization potential through tw
Page 271 and 272:
quantum dots. Furthermore, because
Page 273 and 274:
For many applications, a host mater
Page 275 and 276:
form blends with morphologies that
Page 277 and 278:
Figure 11 Photoluminescence efficie
Page 279 and 280:
Figure 12 (a) Room-temperature PIA
Page 281 and 282:
discussed briefly in Section IV. Ch
Page 283 and 284:
dithiolates to thiol-terminated DNA
Page 285 and 286:
Films of passivated CdSe nanocrysta
Page 287 and 288:
Figure 16 Photocurrent action spect
Page 289 and 290: decay with stretched exponential ki
Page 291 and 292: siderably larger than might be esti
Page 293 and 294: dispersing CdSe nanocrystal chromop
Page 295 and 296: memory and charge storage effects [
Page 297 and 298: all) of the optically excited elect
Page 299 and 300: composites of nanocrystals and conj
Page 301 and 302: 55. Asbury, J.B.; Hao, E.C.; Wang,
Page 303 and 304: 108. Morgan, N.Y.; Leatherdale, C.A
Page 305 and 306: The approaches to fabrication of se
Page 307 and 308: Figure 1 Experimental realization o
Page 309 and 310: Due to this voltage division, the m
Page 311 and 312: Figure 3 Simulated tunneling spectr
Page 313 and 314: electron charging. In both positive
Page 315 and 316: Figure 5 shows the typical features
Page 317 and 318: Figure 7 Map of levels for InAs nan
Page 319 and 320: Figure 8 Scanning electron microsco
Page 321 and 322: D CB = 0.31 eV is thus obtained. On
Page 323 and 324: Figure 11 Correlation of optical an
Page 325 and 326: atomistic approach based on pseudop
Page 327 and 328: charging indicated that the tunneli
Page 329 and 330: capacitance values were also kept t
Page 331 and 332: could not be detected in the QD/DT/
Page 333 and 334: Figure 18 Tunneling conductanceF sp
Page 335 and 336: data in the inset of Fig. 19 repres
Page 337 and 338: corresponding to the s-like wave fu
Page 339: 7. Grabert, H.; Devoret, M.H., Eds.
Page 343 and 344: dimensional confinement are created
Page 345 and 346: Figure 1 Transmission electron micr
Page 347 and 348: The room-temperature absorption and
Page 349 and 350: narrower in samples with larger mea
Page 351 and 352: GaInP 2 QDs from a plot of the squa
Page 353 and 354: crystal, indicating lattice-matched
Page 355 and 356: Figure 5 Evolution of Stranski-Kras
Page 357 and 358: Figure 7 Photoluminescence spectra
Page 359 and 360: Figure 8 Photoluminescence spectra
Page 361 and 362: C. Efficient Anti-Stokes Photolumin
Page 363 and 364: Because HF treatment has been shown
Page 365 and 366: Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, In
Page 367 and 368: intensity of the PL when it is on a
Page 369 and 370: eV stems from recombining carriers
Page 371 and 372: Figure 16 Model to explain two-colo
Page 373 and 374: although this term is not rigorousl
Page 375 and 376: 10 ps (about an order of magnitude
Page 377 and 378: electron relaxation is inhibited an
Page 379 and 380: Figure 18 Transmission electron mic
Page 381 and 382: QDs, the nature of the QD capping s
Page 383 and 384: QD solution. For an interdot distan
Page 385 and 386: emission spectra of the two individ
Page 387 and 388: Figure 23 Change of the PL intensit
Page 389 and 390: (viz. the absorbed light intensity)
Page 391 and 392:
Figure 25Impact ionization in QDs.m
Page 393 and 394:
prevent electron-hole recombination
Page 395 and 396:
36. Miller, R.D.J.; McLendon, G.; N
Page 397 and 398:
91. Vurgaftman, I.; Singh, J. Appl.
Page 399 and 400:
139. Mićić, O.I.; Ahrenkiel, S.P.
Page 401 and 402:
10Synthesis and Fabrication of Meta
Page 403 and 404:
Figure 2 (A-C) Progression of HR-TE
Page 405 and 406:
Figure 3 Schematic for gold nanocry
Page 407 and 408:
Nanocrystal growth can occur by two
Page 409 and 410:
on the other hand, provide an ensem
Page 411 and 412:
Figure 6 (a) SAXS patterns for disp
Page 413 and 414:
Figure 8 The gold nanocrystal film
Page 415 and 416:
of the stabilizing ligand, and the
Page 417 and 418:
successfully modeled the 2D island
Page 419 and 420:
2. Steric Stabilization and a Soft
Page 421 and 422:
are fully extended. Moving away fro
Page 423 and 424:
Figure 11 High-resolution SEM image
Page 425 and 426:
Figure 13 (A) Transmission electron
Page 427 and 428:
function of the density of localize
Page 429 and 430:
Figure 15 High-resolution SEM image
Page 431 and 432:
thiol-capped nanocrystals [2]. The
Page 433 and 434:
41. Ackerson, B.J. Nature 1993, 365
Page 435 and 436:
with the effect of the particle com
Page 437 and 438:
Figure 1a shows the surface plasmon
Page 439 and 440:
Figure 2 (a) Ultraviolet-visible ab
Page 441 and 442:
agents [34]. The short-wavelength b
Page 443 and 444:
Figure 4 (a) Plot of the plasmon ab
Page 445 and 446:
the framework of traditional Mie’
Page 447 and 448:
show that effects due to the surrou
Page 449 and 450:
is located at the position of the g
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Figure 8 Ultraviolet-visible absorp
Page 455 and 456:
laser pulses while being mixed in t
Page 457 and 458:
Figure 10 shows HR-TEM images of go
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
final irradiation product. At the s
Page 463 and 464:
following the laser excitation appe
Page 465 and 466:
36. Papavassiliou, G.C. Prog. Solid
Page 467 and 468:
particles to expand. Because the he
Page 469 and 470:
was frequency doubled in a 1-mm B-
Page 471 and 472:
Figure 2 Frequency of the acoustic
Page 473 and 474:
Figure 3 Change in radius (DR/R) ve
Page 475 and 476:
In this model, the electrons couple
Page 477 and 478:
Figure 5 Transient bleach data for
Page 479 and 480:
Figure 7 (a) Transient bleach data
Page 481 and 482:
that the particles with >80% Au hav
Page 483 and 484:
3. Del Fatti, N.; Valle´e, F.; Fly
show all

Copyright 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?