Proceedings of 8th European Assembly on telework (Telework2001)

53Table 3:Indicators for measuring adaptability <strong>of</strong> work arrangementsDimension Indicator Definition Year SourceTimeTimeVoluntary parttimeworkingTemporalautonomy in jobVoluntary part-time workers in %<strong>of</strong> total labour force% <strong>of</strong> total labour force withdiscretion over start/fi nish <strong>of</strong>working timePlace Teleworking All teleworkers in % <strong>of</strong> labourforcePlace Tele-cooperation Workers who tele-cooperate as% <strong>of</strong> all workersContractContractAppliedskillsAppliedskillsIncrease in selfemploymentEmploymentprotectionlegislationManagerialresponsibilityLifelong learning<strong>of</strong> employeesIncrease in the share <strong>of</strong>self-employed in % <strong>of</strong> totalemployment 1989-1999Employment ProtectionLegislation Indicator by OECDWorkers with managerialresponsibility in work in % <strong>of</strong>total labour forcePercentage <strong>of</strong> employees, aged30-39, who have participated intraining over the 4 weeks prior tothe survey.1999 Eurostat (LFS)1999 Empirica ECaTT1999 Empirica ECaTT1999 Empirica ECaTT1988/19981998 OECDEurostat (LFS); IAB1999 Empirica ECaTT1999 Eurostat (LFS)We are aware <strong>of</strong> the limitations <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> these indicators for our purpose (to be discussed inthe following); nonetheless, we have undertaken this effort to demonstrate an approach which mayconstitute a starting point when trying to use as many easily available data from <strong>of</strong>ficial statisticalsources for this purpose. Research projects for developing more appropriate indicators andmethodologies for gathering the associated data are needed. The SIBIS project (IST-2000-26276SIBIS Statistical Indicators Benchmarking the Information Society: www.sibis-eu.org), in whichthe authors are involved, is an attempt by the <strong>European</strong> Commission to cover deficits in this areaand will deliver results in 2002.Part-time working describes the fact that workers can choose between either one or a limitednumber <strong>of</strong> part-time working models (e.g. 19 hours per week). In certain cases employers <strong>of</strong>fergreater flexibility to chose any model preferred as long as business requirements are met. The hoursworked may originate in preferences <strong>of</strong> the worker, the company, or both depending on the overalllabour market situation (e.g. unemployment rates) and business imperatives. The rise in part-timework in many countries appears to be the outcome <strong>of</strong> increases in labour market participation andgrowing lifestyle options, and sometimes a lack <strong>of</strong> full-time employment [8]. Government suchas in the Netherlands have developed a strategy <strong>of</strong> promoting part-time working with the attemptto reduce unemployment rates and <strong>of</strong>fer work opportunities to those not able to work full-time(especially women). High levels <strong>of</strong> part-time work, however, are not necessarily a sign <strong>of</strong> labour