Proceedings of 8th European Assembly on telework (Telework2001)

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63Table 12: AWAI: analysis resultsIn the following table the key results from the analysis are summarised. For each country adistinction is made between those dimensions and indicators with high ratings (those where highlevels <strong>of</strong> adaptability can be observed) and those with low ratings (areas with low adaptability).SwedenUnited KingdomFinlandDenmarkNetherlandsGermanyIrelandItalyhigh low Comments‘Contract’ and‘applied skills’indicators‘Place’, ‘appliedskills’ indicators,temporalautonomy‘Contract’ and‘skills’ indicators‘Time’ and‘place’ indicatorsTelecooperationSelfemployment,temporalautonomy,managerialresponsibilityTemporalautonomy, telecooperation,EPL, managerialresponsibilityTemporalautonomy, selfemploymentEPLHighest AWAI ranking with more stringentemployment protection legislation than the UKand the other Nordic countries. Benchmark inincrease in share <strong>of</strong> freelancers 9 and job-relatedlife-long learning.-- Highest AWAI ranking in Europe at the expense<strong>of</strong> social security protection and work contractstability. Benchmark in share <strong>of</strong> workforce withmanagerial responsibility.Highly adaptable labour market.Part-time work‘Place’ and‘applied skills’indicators, selfemployment‘Contract’indicators‘Place’indicators,EPLTelework,lifelonglearning‘Place’ and‘applied skills’indicators,part-timeworking, EPLFrance -- ‘Place’,‘contract’ and‘applied skills’indicatorsMedium level <strong>of</strong> employment protectionlegislation. Benchmark in temporal autonomy injob, teleworking and tele-cooperation.Good combination <strong>of</strong> ‘old’ values and ‘new’flexibility, but very low ranking on voluntarypart-time working (despite above EU averagefemale employment rate) and below-averagemanagerial responsibility in work. This mayindicate untapped resources for even higherAWAI value.Medium to low level <strong>of</strong> employment protectionlegislation. Good combination <strong>of</strong> ‘old’ values and‘new’ fl exibility.<strong>European</strong> champion in part-time working. Highon teleworking and tele-cooperation. Onlymidfield on applied skills.Good combination <strong>of</strong> ‘old’ values and ‘new’flexibility.Rather stringent employment protectionlegislation. Some catching up on teleworkingand lifelong learning needed. High growth ratesin freelancing.Promising combination <strong>of</strong> ‘old’ values and ‘new’flexibility.Non-stringent employment protection legislation(EPL); catching up on teleworking and lifelonglearning necessary.Medium adaptability <strong>of</strong> work arrangements.Very bad performance in voluntary parttimework. Little overall adaptability <strong>of</strong> workarrangements.Very bad performance in lifelong learning andteleworking. Little overall adaptability <strong>of</strong> workarrangements.Spain -- all Very bad performance in freelancing growth.Very little overall adaptability <strong>of</strong> workarrangements.9 But note footnote 6.
646. Summary and ConclusionsThe present paper has described dimensions along which work is changing and has presented a firstapproach for defining indicators for different dimensions <strong>of</strong> and an overall index on adaptability<strong>of</strong> work arrangements called AWAI. We outlined a simple methodology for measuring these on thebasis <strong>of</strong> available statistical data from <strong>of</strong>ficial statistical sources and representative surveys. Theaim was to make use <strong>of</strong> rather easily available existing data for constructing the index.The analysis <strong>of</strong> the results show that the <strong>European</strong> countries can be divided into three distinctgroups with respect to Adaptability <strong>of</strong> Work Arrangements:Fast Movers Highly adaptable, dynamic labour markets S, UK, FINCircumspectFollowersSedentariesSolid middle group which attempt to combine(positive) aspects from the past and futureSlow movers, running the danger to loose contact todevelopments in the rest <strong>of</strong> the <strong>European</strong> UnionDK, NLD, IRLI, F, ECare should be taken before interpreting in a way that those countries in the ‘fast movers’ groupare performing ‘better’ than the other EU Member States. Although boasting a very dynamicand highly flexible labour market, these countries need to watch out to prevent high levels <strong>of</strong>adaptability in work arrangements being achieved at the expense <strong>of</strong> social sustainability. There isa danger that an increase in flexibility on the labour market will result in greater inequality andsocial disparities between different segments <strong>of</strong> the population which may cause high follow-upcosts. There are first signs already for such developments in the UK which shows the weakest level<strong>of</strong> employment protection legislation. Such undesirable situations become less visible at times <strong>of</strong>high economic growth where almost everybody benefits (e.g. in present-day Ireland). In times <strong>of</strong>stagnation (which are bound to return sooner or later), however, the social costs are bound to befelt by large parts <strong>of</strong> the population. The AWAI Index does not yet allow statements about thesustainability <strong>of</strong> flexibility in work arrangements.Those countries in the middle group can be characterised as those trying to achieve a societalconsensus on the issues at stake, combining positive aspects concerning labour (market) stabilityand flexibility from the past and the future, a development which takes time but hopefully ends inhighly sustainable (new) work models and relationships. Denmark and the Netherlands are moreadvanced in this respect because they have been successful in their attempts at reaching a socialconsensus about how to overhaul the traditional regulatory regime. Germany and Ireland, on theother hand, still have to come to terms with the question <strong>of</strong> how to bring in line the need for socialsustainability with labour market modernisation.The so called ‘sedentaries’ run the danger <strong>of</strong> missing the connection to developments taking placein the rest <strong>of</strong> Europe. Should the trends continue as today, in particular with regard to thesecountries’ inability to achieve necessary levels <strong>of</strong> labour market adaptability, they will experiencea situation where flexibility will be imposed on them from outside by means <strong>of</strong> global competition,resulting in negative consequences for their economies and labour markets.These results are preliminary. The analysis is hampered by problems <strong>of</strong> availability <strong>of</strong> data forindicators that adequately measure the dimensions <strong>of</strong> labour market adaptability as outlined in the<strong>European</strong> Commission’s Employment Strategy [4]. There is a need for more expressive indicators,
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4PREFACENew ways of</strong
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8PARALLEL SESSION PRESENTATIONSI Gl
Page 10 and 11:
11PLENARY SESSION PRESENTATIONSI St
Page 12 and 13: 13Learning and organizational devel
Page 14 and 15: 15The New Policy Agenda for eWork i
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Page 19 and 20: 20Telework and local entrepreneursh
Page 21 and 22: 22involves interaction and planning
Page 24 and 25: 25The Green Paper is also addressin
Page 26 and 27: 27Information society, Globalisatio
Page 28 and 29: 29The European Uni
Page 30 and 31: 31The Commission paperThe Commissio
Page 32 and 33: 33Summary from EPRI meeting 1Jouni
Page 34 and 35: 35It was agreed that online access
Page 36 and 37: 37Professor Turkka
Page 38 and 39: 39Delegations from 24 Europ
Page 40 and 41: 41ConclusionsMatti Salmenperä, Dir
Page 42: 43The role of tech
Page 45 and 46: 46e-Work in Europe - Indicators for
Page 47 and 48: 48The results from the ECaTT projec
Page 49 and 50: 50According to our forecasts using
Page 51 and 52: 52In general, the transition from t
Page 53 and 54: 54market adaptablity (in the EC und
Page 55 and 56: 56Tele-cooperation is already widel
Page 57 and 58: 58As Table 7 shows, overall self-em
Page 59 and 60: 60the traditional view of</
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Page 65 and 66: 66Virtual work in a real worldUrsul
Page 67 and 68: 68Still more misleading is the assu
Page 69 and 70: 70what, then, has changed?Any analy
Page 71 and 72: 72Preliminary results of</s
Page 73 and 74: 74Figure 3:eWork demand in Europe,
Page 75 and 76: 76As can be seen, by far the most c
Page 77 and 78: 78Information Security in E-workArt
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Page 81 and 82: 82Accommodating the new economy:The
Page 83 and 84: 84With distributed workforces only
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Page 87 and 88: 885. SANE future research tasksThe
Page 89 and 90: 90Awareness: For fluent distributed
Page 91 and 92: 92On a 17” screen the user is abl
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Page 98 and 99: 99What is global e-Work?E-work is w
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Page 102 and 103: 103Most relevant: The unprecedented
Page 104 and 105: 105PARALLEL SESSION PRESENTATIONSII
Page 106 and 107: 107The Siemens CaseSiemens Finland
Page 108 and 109: 109Challenges of v
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113PARALLEL SESSION PRESENTATIONSII
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115Towns should regain their anothe
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117In order to be successful, devel
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119The Models of I
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121Table 1.Telework implementation
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123of threats in o
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125Fig.3.Level of
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127Telework is applied in Poland in
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129The first area is strictly conne
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131Awareness of Te
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133work more effective, producing h
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135Conferences on Telework in Budap
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137Telecommunication services penet
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139Look at World (in Estonian: Vaat
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141Aim of project
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143PARALLEL SESSION PRESENTATIONSIV
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145There seems to be a vicious circ
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147netOrganisationStefano Lotti, CE
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149We can now temporarily observe t
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151On the other hand, the presence
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153The possibility to access an org
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1556. Some wishes, to replace concl
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157PARALLEL SESSION PRESENTATIONSV
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159This paper looks first at how eL
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161Figure 1:Lead operators and free
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163Table 1:Online work exchange mar
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165Table 2:Tele-cooperation in Euro
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1675 ConclusionsMalone and Laubache
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169Home Telework As A Key Action To
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171a structured questionnaire, and
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1735. Telework Eight Months LaterDu
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175In both the surveys, the workers
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177represented an important variabl
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179The work deprived were the secon
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181divide and blur lines between wo
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183PARALLEL SESSION PRESENTATIONSVI
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185Since technological reason in ge
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187The main exception at the moment
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189Claussen 2001) , the few bigger
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191ReferencesAlasoini. T. and Kyll
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193IntroductionThe ongoing economic
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195Building on former programmesThe
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197Therefore, it seems essential th
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NotesBaethge, Martin (1999): Transf
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201organizations, R&D institutes, a
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203Challenges for Programmatic Work
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205different kinds of</stro
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209Development Cooperation
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211How to fi nd work tasks?There is
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213IntroductionEco-Managed eWork as
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215In a recent survey by the Helsin
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217The experiment is connected with
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219their interest in returning to t
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221businesses, have access to the v
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223Short summaries of</stro
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225As a result of
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229The knowledge economy is not <st
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231PARALLEL SESSION PRESENTATIONSIX
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233The paper of Sh
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In total, the conference once again
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237Appendix AE -WORK 2001 Conferenc
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239Year 2002 conferenceParallel ses
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2417. Community developments15.00 -
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243Appendix CList of</stron
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245Harle Bob European</stro
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247Koivusalo Salla Helsinki Univers
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249Mustikkamäki Nina University Of
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251Sajavaara AnuEmployers’ Associ
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253Wasinger Walter Informations-Tec
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Proceedings of 8th European Assembly on telework (Telework2001)

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