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182<strong>the</strong>ir descendents after tests in <strong>the</strong>greenhouse. with relative humidity keptover 90% by automatic mist. Theplants were given two inoculations perweek. from flowering to maturation. ofa spore suspension comprising over 70isolates (29).Table 5 presents <strong>the</strong> number ofresistant plants selected under severegreenhouse tests. These were derivedfrom F3 and F4 populations. fromcrosses involving more than oneresistance source (53).Table 6. Number of reliltant plants from segregating populationlsubjected to greenhousescab inoculationl, Pelotal, BrazilCrollNumber of plantsPopulation SelectedToropi-Nobeoka Bozu x Abura-Siete CerrosIAS52-Toropi x Avanzado Ecuador L 17-Nobeoka Bozu(lAS 49-Minami Kyushu 69 x IAS49·IAS20) xlAS 54-Nobeoka BozuAbura·Mazoe (Gabo) x IAS54·Nobeoka BozuNobeoka Bozu·IAS54 Sel21 x PF7225Lagoa Vermelha·Nobeoka BOlU x PF6968IAS20·Toropi x Nyu Bay-Nadadores 63Pekin 8 x IAS50-5heridan/1 AS2o-PE L8685-62 xIAS20-Tokai 66Several o<strong>the</strong>r crosses1142682862961762241161288234087109355
163References1. Andersen. A.L. 1948. Thedevelopment of Gibberella zeaehead blight of wheat.Phytopathology 38(8):595.611.2. Atanasoff. D. 1920. Fusarium blight(scab) of wheat and o<strong>the</strong>r cereals.Journal of Agricultural Research20(1):1-2.3. Bruehl. G.W. 1967. Fungal spike orkernel blights: Fusarium headblight or scab. In Wheat and WheatImprovement. K.S. Quisenberry. edtAmerican Society of Agronomy.Madison. Wisconsin. USA. Pp. 388390.4. Caetano. Vanderlei R.. VesleiCaetano. G.C. Luzzardi. C.R.Pierobom and F.I. Ferreira. 1976.Factores fitosanitartos a considerarno melhoramento do trigo. no suIdo Brasil. In VIII Reuniao AnualConjunta de Pesquisa de Trigo.CNPTrigo. vol. 4. Pp. 209-260.5. Carranza. J.M. 1961. Podredumbrey tiz6n de los cereales en laArgentina. producida porGibberella zeae (Fusariumgraminearum). Revista de laFacultad de Agronomia (La Plata.Argentina) 37:33-73.6. CIMMYT. 1983. Common Diseasesof Small Grain Cereals: A Guide toIdentification. F.J. Zillinsky.CIMMYT. Mexico.7. Chauvie. S.B.. and E.P. Morales.1981. Comportamiento de distintoscultivares de trigo frente aFusarium graminearum Schw..agente causal del ..golpe blanco."Thesis. Facultad de Agronomia.Universidad de la Republica.Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.Montevideo. Uruguay.8. Christensen. J.J.. E.C. Stakmanand F.R. Immer. 1929.Susceptibility of wheat varietiesand hybrids to fusarial head blightin Minnesota. MinnesotaAgricultural Experiment StationTechnical Bulletin 59. St. Paul.Minnesota. USA.9. Dias. J.C.A.. G.C. Luzzardi,E.A. Osorio. P.G. Souza. C.R.Pierobom and J.C.S. Moreira. 1975.Graduacao de cultivares de trigo asdoencas septoria das glumas egiberela. In VII Reuniao AnualConjunta de Pesquisa de Trigo.Passo Fundo. Brazil. (Mimeograph.)10. Dickson. J.G. 1956. Diseases ofField Crops. 2nd edt McGraw Hill.New York. Toronto. London.11. Eide. C.J. 1953. The pathogenicityand genetics of Gibberellasaubinettl (Mont.) Sacco Universityof Minnesota AgriculturalExperiment Station Bulletin 106.St. Paul. Minnesota. USA.12. Eugenio. C.P.• C.M. Christensenand C.J. Mirocha. 1970. Factorsaffecting production of <strong>the</strong>mycotoxin F-2 by Fusariumroseum. Phytopathology 60:10551057.13. Fernandez Valiela. M. 1978.Introducion a la Fitopatologia. 3rdedt Coleccion Cientifica INTA.vol. 3. Buenos Aires. Argentina.14. Fulco. W. da S. 1971. Pesquisa defontes de resistencia a Gibberellazeae (Schw.) Petch. AgronomiaSulriograndense (Brazil) 7(1):31-34.
Page 2 and 3:
The International Maize and Wheat I
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3AcknowledgementsThe Tropical Wheat
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5Wheat Production in Bangladesh: It
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7Chemical Control ofHelmtn.thosport
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1 9PrefaceThe international worksho
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uToluca, a high-elevation station a
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13In Bangladesh. many farmers' fiel
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global cooperation that permits apo
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17Recognizing the
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19With UNDP assistance. CIMMYTexpan
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4 21Introduction to the</st
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23grain-filling stages are required
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Table 1. Countries growing whut in
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27Month of sowing and month afterfl
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29. Table 3. Correlation coefficien
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31Earliness-Earliness is needed if
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33requires more than technical solu
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3~from other crops
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37Table 2. Advanced lines selected
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39If Bol1via does not radically cha
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41Table 5. Water efficiency utiliza
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4320-year period. Also indicated ar
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Table 2. (Con't)Cross and pedigreeN
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47respectively. for central AlaJuel
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49Table 1. Climatological data, Fra
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51Wheat Research in the</st
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53Table 3. Average yield of best wh
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Selection of Wheats forSubtropical
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Nigeria is high temperature. South
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59Wheat Production in Bangladesh:It
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61Research PrioritiesVarietal devel
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63Wheat Improvement Programsfor <st
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65In India, a series of wheat varie
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67in temperature are capable of cau
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69primarily due to a lack of financ
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71Triticale ImprovementRegular bree
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73The climate in this region is war
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75Recently, the pe
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77Variety improvement must also bec
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79those areas that are suitable for
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Wheat Growing in the</stron
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83Thailand Winter Cereals ProgramP.
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Many farmers are now exploring <str
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87crop is present, and known. at pl
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6 ~89Contributed PapersI. BreedingB
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91area at flowering. Vegetative vig
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93of the plants se
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Screening for tropical adaptationTh
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97Table 3. Best advanced lines of b
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99Table 4. Highest yielding advance
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101very late, high temperatures at
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103hence, select for drought tolera
Page 107 and 108:
106References1. Anonymous. 1972. Wh
Page 109 and 110:
107Breeding Wheats for Heatand Drou
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109unit area. However, looking at s
Page 113 and 114: 111Identifying Wheats Adapted to Mo
Page 115 and 116: 113standard date for sowing. In spi
Page 117 and 118: 115transferred into high-yielding a
Page 119 and 120: 117Table 1. Chemical properties of
Page 121 and 122: 119• Resistance to shattering•
Page 123 and 124: 121References1. Araujo. J.E.G. 1949
Page 125 and 126: 123hours of sunlight monthly. Altho
Page 127 and 128: 125Screening Wheats for QualityA. A
Page 129 and 130: 127Wide Crosses and New Genesfor Wh
Page 131 and 132: 129The introduction of alien geneti
Page 133 and 134: 131averaged about 2.5 tonslha. Howe
Page 135 and 136: 133must also demonstrate a yieldadv
Page 137 and 138: 135II. Diseases and Disease Control
Page 139 and 140: 137beaker with 200 ml sterilized di
Page 141 and 142: 139Table 1. (Cont'd)Resistance reac
Page 143 and 144: 141Identification ofSources of Resi
Page 145 and 146: 143References1. Adlakha, K, RD. Wil
Page 147 and 148: Breeding Wheats with Resistanceto H
Page 149 and 150: 147conditions. whereby infectionper
Page 151 and 152: 149CIMMYT Methods for Screening Whe
Page 153 and 154: 151Selection under Field Conditions
Page 155 and 156: 153February. Environmental conditio
Page 157 and 158: 156Each trla1 had two replications
Page 159 and 160: 157References1. De Milliano. W.A.J.
Page 161 and 162: 159Shinchunaga and descendants). se
Page 163: 161Wheat Breedingfor Scab Resistanc
Page 167 and 168: 16526. Luzzardi. G.C.. C.R. Pierobo
Page 169 and 170: 18748. Nisikado. Y. 1958. Studies o
Page 171 and 172: Head Scab Screening Methods Used at
Page 173 and 174: 171Wheat spikes are spray-inoculate
Page 175 and 176: 173Reference.1. Bekele. G.T. 1984.
Page 177 and 178: 1'71SThe species and varieties with
Page 179 and 180: 177suspension. This method has prov
Page 181 and 182: 179How the pathoge
Page 183 and 184: 18112. Takegami, S. 1961. Proceedin
Page 185 and 186: 183Documented Foot RotDlseaBes in W
Page 187 and 188: 185References1. Anderson. N.A. 1982
Page 189 and 190: 187against leaf rust by the
Page 191 and 192: -188Distribution and Importance ofR
Page 193 and 194: 191Surprisingly. little or no stem
Page 195 and 196: 193temperatures. but this differenc
Page 197 and 198: 19~14. Lapis. D.B. and M.C. Kamatoy
Page 199 and 200: 197According to a new criterionesta
Page 201 and 202: 199Loss in yield is directly propor
Page 203 and 204: Chemical Control ofHelminthosportum
Page 205 and 206: 203H. sattvum on foliage and heads
Page 207 and 208: 205Table 1. Mean number of lesions
Page 209 and 210: 20'7Table 4. Effect on lelf spot in
Page 211 and 212: 209III. AgronomyPhysiological Limit
Page 213 and 214: Table 1. Actual and pouible wheat1l
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213Table 2. Wheat yield determinati
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216unpublished). A role of thumb de
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217seasonally and cloudiness persis
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219developmental periods. to around
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221Growth at high temperaturesEarly
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CertainlY crop growth rates in exce
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225rice, another C
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227105% that of C306 for th
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22913. Fischer. RA.. I. Aguilar. R
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Soil Management as an Alternativefo
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233water content in the</st
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23~Tolerance to soil aciditySoil ac
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237applied without increasing <stro
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The Cerrados: Future WheatProductio
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241there is utiliz
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243• Ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2S04]
Page 247 and 248:
245Physical Soil ProblemsThe soils
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247program. these
Page 251 and 252:
249References1. Commisao Norte Bras
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251was rather poor
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253Tolerant vartettes-The yield ofv
Page 257 and 258:
255Alternative locations-An evaluat
Page 259 and 260:
257Wheat Production Constraintsand
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259numerical grading which showed <
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261directed towards minimum loss of
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'.2636. Cheng, C.P. 1977. Wheatprod
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Wheat in Rice...BasedCropping Syste
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267Rice varietiesAs mentioned above
Page 271 and 272:
269A problem of declining yields ha
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271_.z.:::-~:J.."•._,:.\--_.r+++v
Page 275 and 276:
273Agronomic Practices and Problems
Page 277 and 278:
275water percolation in rice. For w
Page 279 and 280:
277Rice-Wheat Cropping Systemsin So
Page 281 and 282:
279Table 1. Yield and economic retu
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281was higher with the</str
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283to compete with othe</st
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for tropical environments. Highesta
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287can be used. The computer is a u
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289The computer has become a valuab
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291IV. SeedWheat Seed Production,St
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293On average, no more that 100 mm
Page 297 and 298:
295Storage in 20-liter biscuit or k
Page 299 and 300:
Production, Storageand Marketing of
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299true to type. are selected and t
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301discussed and ascertained; <stro
Page 305 and 306:
303V. EconomicsWheat in the
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305than in Asia and Africa (about 1
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307wheat consumption). However, <st
Page 311 and 312:
309These changing consumption patte
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311Finally. it should be clarified
Page 315 and 316:
313in areas where wheat yields arer
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31510. FAO. 1982. The bread economy
Page 319 and 320:
317Lowlands withinadequate dry-seas
Page 321 and 322:
319Table 1. Private and social prof
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The Local-Use Approach to t
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323fired oven has been used at oneu
Page 327 and 328:
325ControlliDg fungal diseasesThe i
Page 329 and 330:
The Relative Priority andEconomics
Page 331 and 332:
329Comparative MarketPrices of Stap
Page 333 and 334:
331References1. Agricultural Extens
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Table 1. Area, average yield and to
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Table 3. Annual domestic wheat prod
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337Table 5. Financial costs of whea
Page 341 and 342:
Comments'D.L. WiDkelmaDll, DIrector
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7341------_1Closing Remarks, <stron
Page 345 and 346:
343Table 1. Probleml for th
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345While efforts to develop wheatge
Page 349 and 350:
347Appendix IIWheat Pests and Disea
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349Appendix IIIParticipants. <stron
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351NigeriaMr. Ahmed M. FalakiResear
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353CIMMYT Staff. MexicoMr. Robert D
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