the Symposium on Wheats for More Tropical Environments - cimmyt

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3MMr. Mohamed A. GallabiNew Halfa Agricultural CorporationP.O. Box 538Khartoum, SudanMr. Mohamed S. MohamedNew Halfa Agricultural StationP.O. Box 17New Halfa, SudanThailandDr. Phattakun ChandhanamuttaWheat CoordinatorRice Research InstituteDepartment of AgricultureKasetsart UniversityBangkhen, Bangkok 10900, ThailandMr. John G. ConnellLocal Utilization ProgramSou<strong>the</strong>ast Asian Wheat ProgranlCIMMYTP.O. Box 9-188Bangkok,ThailandDr. Supote DechatesOffice of Agricultural EconomicsMinistry of Agriculture andCooperativesRatcha Damnern RoadBangkok, ThailandDr. Benjavan RerkasemMultiple Cropping ProjectFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai, ThailandUSADr. Warren E. KronstadDepartment of Crop ScienceAgriculture Hall 138Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, Oregon 97331. USAMr. WUliam T. Mashlersenior DirectorDivision for Global and InterregionalProjectsUnited Nations DevelopmentProgrammeOne UN PlazaNew York, N.Y. 10017. USADr. Milton McDanielAssociate ProfessorSoil and Crop Sciences DepartmentTexas A and M UniversityCollege Station, Texas 77843, USAZambiaMr. Ted V. AngenSoils SurveyorZambia-Canada Wheat Research ProjectP.O. Box 31896Lusaka, ZambiaMr. Balvindar S. AulakZambia-Canada Wheat Research ProjectP.O. Box 31896Lusaka. ZambiaMr. James E. BrandlePlant BreederZambia-Canada Wheat Research ProjectMount Makulu Research StationPrivate Bag 7Chilanga, ZambiaDr. Richard LittleTeam LeaderZambia-eanada Wheat Research ProjectMount Makulu Research StationPrivate Bag 7Chilanga. ZambiaMr. Gabriel C. MusaPlant BreederZambia-eanada Wheat Research ProjectMount Makulu Research StationPrivate Bag 7Chilanga, ZambiaMr. Romain RaemaekersPlant PathologistBelgian Development CooperationMount Makulu Research StationPrivate Bag 7Chilanga, Zambia
353CIMMYT Staff. MexicoMr. Robert D. HavenerDirector GeneralDr. W. Clive JamesDeputy Director GeneralDr. Byrd C. CurtisDirector. Wheat ProgramDr. Arthur R. KlattAssociate DirectorWheat ProgramDr. Donald L. Winkelmann-Director. Economics ProgramDr. Arnoldo AmayaIndustrial Quality LaboratoryDr. Osman AbdallaPost-Doctoral. Wheat ProgramDr. Girma BekeleWheat PathologistDr. Pedro BrajcichDurum Wheat BreederDr. Hans BraunPost-Doctoral. Wheat ProgramMr. Neil BredinData Processing ServicesWheat ProgramDr. Peter BurnettWheat PathologistDr. Norma CashionPost-Doctoral. Wheat ProgramDr. Walter A.J. de MillianoPost-Doctoral. Wheat ProgramDr. Paul Fox.Post-Doctoral. Wheat ProgramIng. Lucy I. GilchristWheat PathologistDr. Homer M. HepworthAgronomist. Head-Training ProgramDr. A. MUjeeb-KaziWheat CytologistDr. Gerbrand KingmaTraining Officer-BreedingDr. E. Bronson KnappTraining Officer-Production AgronomyDr. Pierre MalvoisinAssociate Scientist. Wheat ProgramDr. Mahmood OsmanzaiPost-Doctoral. Wheat ProgramDr. Rob,rto J. PefiaPost-DOctoral. Wheat ProgramDr. J. Michael PrescottWheat'PathologistDr. Sanjaya RajaramBread Wheat BreederIng. Ricardo RodriguezWheat Germplasm SpecialistDr. Eugene SaariWheat PathologistJBreederDr. Ayla SencerCurator. Wheat Germplasm BankDr. Ravi P. SinghPost-Doctoral. Wheat ProgramMr. Douglas TannerAgronomist. Wheat ProgramMr. Leon van BeuningenDutch Associate ScientistWheat ProgramMr. M.C. van den BergAssociate Scientist. Wheat ProgramDr. George VarugheseTriticale BreederMr. Tiff HarrisWriter/Editor. Wheat Program
Page 2 and 3:
The International Maize and Wheat I
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3AcknowledgementsThe Tropical Wheat
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5Wheat Production in Bangladesh: It
Page 9 and 10:
7Chemical Control ofHelmtn.thosport
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1 9PrefaceThe international worksho
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uToluca, a high-elevation station a
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13In Bangladesh. many farmers' fiel
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global cooperation that permits apo
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17Recognizing the
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19With UNDP assistance. CIMMYTexpan
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4 21Introduction to the</st
Page 25 and 26:
23grain-filling stages are required
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Table 1. Countries growing whut in
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27Month of sowing and month afterfl
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29. Table 3. Correlation coefficien
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31Earliness-Earliness is needed if
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33requires more than technical solu
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3~from other crops
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37Table 2. Advanced lines selected
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39If Bol1via does not radically cha
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41Table 5. Water efficiency utiliza
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4320-year period. Also indicated ar
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Table 2. (Con't)Cross and pedigreeN
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47respectively. for central AlaJuel
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49Table 1. Climatological data, Fra
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51Wheat Research in the</st
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53Table 3. Average yield of best wh
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Selection of Wheats forSubtropical
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Nigeria is high temperature. South
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59Wheat Production in Bangladesh:It
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61Research PrioritiesVarietal devel
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63Wheat Improvement Programsfor <st
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65In India, a series of wheat varie
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67in temperature are capable of cau
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69primarily due to a lack of financ
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71Triticale ImprovementRegular bree
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73The climate in this region is war
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75Recently, the pe
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77Variety improvement must also bec
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79those areas that are suitable for
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Wheat Growing in the</stron
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83Thailand Winter Cereals ProgramP.
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Many farmers are now exploring <str
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87crop is present, and known. at pl
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6 ~89Contributed PapersI. BreedingB
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91area at flowering. Vegetative vig
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93of the plants se
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Screening for tropical adaptationTh
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97Table 3. Best advanced lines of b
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99Table 4. Highest yielding advance
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101very late, high temperatures at
Page 105 and 106:
103hence, select for drought tolera
Page 107 and 108:
106References1. Anonymous. 1972. Wh
Page 109 and 110:
107Breeding Wheats for Heatand Drou
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109unit area. However, looking at s
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111Identifying Wheats Adapted to Mo
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113standard date for sowing. In spi
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115transferred into high-yielding a
Page 119 and 120:
117Table 1. Chemical properties of
Page 121 and 122:
119• Resistance to shattering•
Page 123 and 124:
121References1. Araujo. J.E.G. 1949
Page 125 and 126:
123hours of sunlight monthly. Altho
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125Screening Wheats for QualityA. A
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127Wide Crosses and New Genesfor Wh
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129The introduction of alien geneti
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131averaged about 2.5 tonslha. Howe
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133must also demonstrate a yieldadv
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135II. Diseases and Disease Control
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137beaker with 200 ml sterilized di
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139Table 1. (Cont'd)Resistance reac
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141Identification ofSources of Resi
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143References1. Adlakha, K, RD. Wil
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Breeding Wheats with Resistanceto H
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147conditions. whereby infectionper
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149CIMMYT Methods for Screening Whe
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151Selection under Field Conditions
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153February. Environmental conditio
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156Each trla1 had two replications
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157References1. De Milliano. W.A.J.
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159Shinchunaga and descendants). se
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161Wheat Breedingfor Scab Resistanc
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163References1. Andersen. A.L. 1948
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16526. Luzzardi. G.C.. C.R. Pierobo
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18748. Nisikado. Y. 1958. Studies o
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Head Scab Screening Methods Used at
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171Wheat spikes are spray-inoculate
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173Reference.1. Bekele. G.T. 1984.
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1'71SThe species and varieties with
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177suspension. This method has prov
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179How the pathoge
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18112. Takegami, S. 1961. Proceedin
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183Documented Foot RotDlseaBes in W
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185References1. Anderson. N.A. 1982
Page 189 and 190:
187against leaf rust by the
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-188Distribution and Importance ofR
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191Surprisingly. little or no stem
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193temperatures. but this differenc
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19~14. Lapis. D.B. and M.C. Kamatoy
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197According to a new criterionesta
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199Loss in yield is directly propor
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Chemical Control ofHelminthosportum
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203H. sattvum on foliage and heads
Page 207 and 208:
205Table 1. Mean number of lesions
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20'7Table 4. Effect on lelf spot in
Page 211 and 212:
209III. AgronomyPhysiological Limit
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Table 1. Actual and pouible wheat1l
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213Table 2. Wheat yield determinati
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216unpublished). A role of thumb de
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217seasonally and cloudiness persis
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219developmental periods. to around
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221Growth at high temperaturesEarly
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CertainlY crop growth rates in exce
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225rice, another C
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227105% that of C306 for th
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22913. Fischer. RA.. I. Aguilar. R
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Soil Management as an Alternativefo
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233water content in the</st
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23~Tolerance to soil aciditySoil ac
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237applied without increasing <stro
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The Cerrados: Future WheatProductio
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241there is utiliz
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243• Ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2S04]
Page 247 and 248:
245Physical Soil ProblemsThe soils
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247program. these
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249References1. Commisao Norte Bras
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251was rather poor
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253Tolerant vartettes-The yield ofv
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255Alternative locations-An evaluat
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257Wheat Production Constraintsand
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259numerical grading which showed <
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261directed towards minimum loss of
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'.2636. Cheng, C.P. 1977. Wheatprod
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Wheat in Rice...BasedCropping Syste
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267Rice varietiesAs mentioned above
Page 271 and 272:
269A problem of declining yields ha
Page 273 and 274:
271_.z.:::-~:J.."•._,:.\--_.r+++v
Page 275 and 276:
273Agronomic Practices and Problems
Page 277 and 278:
275water percolation in rice. For w
Page 279 and 280:
277Rice-Wheat Cropping Systemsin So
Page 281 and 282:
279Table 1. Yield and economic retu
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281was higher with the</str
Page 285 and 286:
283to compete with othe</st
Page 287 and 288:
for tropical environments. Highesta
Page 289 and 290:
287can be used. The computer is a u
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289The computer has become a valuab
Page 293 and 294:
291IV. SeedWheat Seed Production,St
Page 295 and 296:
293On average, no more that 100 mm
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295Storage in 20-liter biscuit or k
Page 299 and 300:
Production, Storageand Marketing of
Page 301 and 302:
299true to type. are selected and t
Page 303 and 304: 301discussed and ascertained; <stro
Page 305 and 306: 303V. EconomicsWheat in the
Page 307 and 308: 305than in Asia and Africa (about 1
Page 309 and 310: 307wheat consumption). However, <st
Page 311 and 312: 309These changing consumption patte
Page 313 and 314: 311Finally. it should be clarified
Page 315 and 316: 313in areas where wheat yields arer
Page 317 and 318: 31510. FAO. 1982. The bread economy
Page 319 and 320: 317Lowlands withinadequate dry-seas
Page 321 and 322: 319Table 1. Private and social prof
Page 323 and 324: The Local-Use Approach to t
Page 325 and 326: 323fired oven has been used at oneu
Page 327 and 328: 325ControlliDg fungal diseasesThe i
Page 329 and 330: The Relative Priority andEconomics
Page 331 and 332: 329Comparative MarketPrices of Stap
Page 333 and 334: 331References1. Agricultural Extens
Page 335 and 336: Table 1. Area, average yield and to
Page 337 and 338: Table 3. Annual domestic wheat prod
Page 339 and 340: 337Table 5. Financial costs of whea
Page 341 and 342: Comments'D.L. WiDkelmaDll, DIrector
Page 343 and 344: 7341------_1Closing Remarks, <stron
Page 345 and 346: 343Table 1. Probleml for th
Page 347 and 348: 345While efforts to develop wheatge
Page 349 and 350: 347Appendix IIWheat Pests and Disea
Page 351 and 352: 349Appendix IIIParticipants. <stron
Page 353: 351NigeriaMr. Ahmed M. FalakiResear
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