About the contributorsCo‐EditorsAnuradha Gurung is Senior Project Manager in the InvestorsIndustry at the <strong>World</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> Forum USA, where she isalso a <strong>Global</strong> Leadership Fellow. As Senior Project Manager,Anu is responsible for initiating, developing and managing the<strong>Global</strong>ization <strong>of</strong> Alternative Investments project as well ascollaborating on other Investors Industry projects that relateto <strong>Private</strong> <strong>Equity</strong>, Hedge Funds, Institutional Investors andSovereign Wealth Funds. Prior to joining the Forum, Anu wasan Investment Banker in the Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A)team at UBS Warburg LLC (now UBS Investment Bank) andin the M&A and Financial Sponsor teams at Banc <strong>of</strong> AmericaSecurities, LLC. She worked on transactions across manysectors including general industrials, healthcare, media andtelecommunications, technology, real estate, and retail andconsumer products. She was also a Research Analyst atSchneeweis Partners (now Alternative Investments Analytics,LLC), a research and consulting firm for hedge funds andother alternative investments. Anu was Phi Beta Kappa andgraduated cum laude from Smith College, Massachusetts,USA with a BA in <strong>Economic</strong>s (High Honours). She completedher Master’s in Public Policy from Duke University, NorthCarolina, USA, where she was a James B. Duke Scholarand a Terry Sanford Scholar. Anu co‐wrote the proposal fora mobile library system in rural Nepal, which was one <strong>of</strong> thetop five recipients <strong>of</strong> a <strong>World</strong> Bank Development Marketplacegrant in 2003.Josh Lerner is the Jacob H. Schiff Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> InvestmentBanking at Harvard Business School, Masschusetts, USAwith a joint appointment in the Finance and EntrepreneurialManagement units. He graduated from Yale College,Connecticut, USA with a Special Divisional Major thatcombined physics with the history <strong>of</strong> technology. He workedfor several years on issues concerning technologicalinnovation and public policy, at the Brookings Institution; fora public‐private task force in Chicago; and on Capitol Hill. Hethen obtained a PhD from Harvard’s <strong>Economic</strong>s Department.Much <strong>of</strong> his research focuses on the structure and role <strong>of</strong>venture capital and private equity organizations. (Thisresearch is collected in two books, <strong>The</strong> Venture Capital Cycleand <strong>The</strong> Money <strong>of</strong> Invention.) He also examines technologicalinnovation and how firms are responding to changing publicpolicies. (<strong>The</strong> research is discussed in the book Innovationand Its Discontents.) He founded, raised funding for, andorganizes two groups at the National Bureau <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong>Research (NBER): Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policyand the Economy. He is a member <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> otherNBER groups and serves as co‐editor <strong>of</strong> their publicationInnovation Policy and the Economy. His work has beenpublished in a variety <strong>of</strong> top academic journals.In the 1993‐94 academic year, he introduced an elective coursefor second‐year MBAs on private equity finance. In recent years“Venture Capital and <strong>Private</strong> <strong>Equity</strong>” has consistently been one<strong>of</strong> the largest elective courses at Harvard Business School. (<strong>The</strong>course materials are collected in Venture Capital and <strong>Private</strong><strong>Equity</strong>: A Casebook, whose fourth edition is forthcoming.) Healso teaches a doctoral course on entrepreneurship, in theOwners‐Presidents‐Managers Program, and organizes anannual executive course on private equity. He serves as theSchool’s representative on Harvard University’s Patent,Trademark and Copyright Committee and on the Provost’sCommittee on Technology Transfer.Core Research TeamLead AcademicJosh Lerner is the Jacob H. Schiff Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> InvestmentBanking at Harvard Business School, Masschusetts, USAwith a joint appointment in the Finance and EntrepreneurialManagement units. He graduated from Yale College,Connecticut, USA with a Special Divisional Major thatcombined physics with the history <strong>of</strong> technology. He workedfor several years on issues concerning technologicalinnovation and public policy, at the Brookings Institution; for apublic‐private task force in Chicago; and on Capitol Hill. Hethen obtained a PhD from Harvard’s <strong>Economic</strong>s Department.Much <strong>of</strong> his research focuses on the structure and role <strong>of</strong>venture capital and private equity organizations. (Thisresearch is collected in two books, <strong>The</strong> Venture Capital Cycleand <strong>The</strong> Money <strong>of</strong> Invention.) He also examines technologicalinnovation and how firms are responding to changing publicpolicies. (<strong>The</strong> research is discussed in the book Innovationand Its Discontents.) He founded, raised funding for, andorganizes two groups at the National Bureau <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong>Research (NBER): Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policyand the Economy. He is a member <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> otherNBER groups and serves as co‐editor <strong>of</strong> their publicationInnovation Policy and the Economy. His work has beenpublished in a variety <strong>of</strong> top academic journals.164 Case studies: About the contributors<strong>The</strong> <strong>Global</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Private</strong> <strong>Equity</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>2008</strong>
In the 1993‐94 academic year, he introduced an electivecourse for second‐year MBAs on private equity finance.In recent years “Venture Capital and <strong>Private</strong> <strong>Equity</strong>” hasconsistently been one <strong>of</strong> the largest elective courses atHarvard Business School. (<strong>The</strong> course materials are collectedin Venture Capital and <strong>Private</strong> <strong>Equity</strong>: A Casebook, whosefourth edition is forthcoming.) He also teaches a doctoral courseon entrepreneurship, in the Owners‐Presidents‐ManagersProgram, and organizes an annual executive course on privateequity. He serves as the School’s representative on HarvardUniversity’s Patent, Trademark and Copyright Committee andon the Provost’s Committee on Technology Transfer.Ann‐Kristin Achleitner is Head <strong>of</strong> the KfW Endowed Chairin Entrepreneurial Finance and Scientific Co‐Director <strong>of</strong> theCenter for Entrepreneurial and Financial Studies (CEFS) atTechnische Universität München (TUM), one <strong>of</strong> Germany’selite universities.Previously, she was Pr<strong>of</strong>essor for Banking and Financeat the European Business School, Oestrich Winkel, Germanyand worked as a consultant for McKinsey & Company, Inc.She earned her university and doctoral degrees in both Lawand Business Administration from the University <strong>of</strong> St Gallenin Switzerland.She is a member <strong>of</strong> the expert commission “Research andInnovation” (EFI) <strong>of</strong> the German Federal Governmentand a member <strong>of</strong> the Advisory Board on Small‐ andMedium‐Sized Companies <strong>of</strong> the Federal Ministry <strong>of</strong><strong>Economic</strong>s and Technology. Recently, she was part <strong>of</strong> adistinguished team working for the Federal Ministry <strong>of</strong>Finance on expertise about the legal and tax environment <strong>of</strong>private equity, providing recommendations for the Germanlegislator to prepare a new private equity law.She is President <strong>of</strong> the Förderkreis Gründungs‐Forschunge.V. (FGF), the largest non‐pr<strong>of</strong>it organization inGerman‐speaking countries supporting entrepreneurshipresearch and academic education. Moreover, she is amember <strong>of</strong> the senate <strong>of</strong> the Fraunh<strong>of</strong>er‐Gesellschaft, theleading organization for applied research in Europe, andHead <strong>of</strong> the advisory board <strong>of</strong> Ashoka Germany.Pr<strong>of</strong>. Achleitner is a prolific writer and well‐known publisher<strong>of</strong> numerous articles and books and has earned manyawards and honours. In particular, she was elected <strong>Global</strong>Leader <strong>of</strong> Tomorrow (GLT) by the <strong>World</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> Forum in1998. She was honoured with the “Initiativpreis 2005” by theStiftung Industrieforschung for the development <strong>of</strong> a newstock market index <strong>of</strong> German entrepreneurial firms. As anacademic teacher she was awarded with the teaching award“Preis für gute Lehre” <strong>of</strong> the Bavarian State Minister <strong>of</strong>Sciences, Research and Arts in 2004. In 2006, she wasrecognised for her commitment to successfully promotingstudent careers and awarded the title <strong>of</strong> “Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> theYear” by all German students and the magazine Unicum.Pr<strong>of</strong>. Achleitner was awarded the “Pro meritis scientiaeet literarum” for exceptional contributions to Science inBavaria in 2004 and the Order <strong>of</strong> Merit <strong>of</strong> the FederalRepublic <strong>of</strong> Germany in 2007.Francesca Cornelli is Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Finance at the LondonBusiness School. She has also held positions or taught atthe Wharton School, University <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania; the FuquaSchool <strong>of</strong> Business at Duke University, North Carolina, USA;the London School <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong>s; the Indian School <strong>of</strong>Business in Hyderabad; and the New <strong>Economic</strong> Schoolin Moscow. Her interests include corporate finance, privateequity, privatization, bankruptcy, contract theory andindustrial organization. She has published several papersin the major finance and economics journals and shegives regular talks in conferences and universities. Sheis a member <strong>of</strong> the Council <strong>of</strong> the Royal <strong>Economic</strong> Societyand <strong>of</strong> the Scientific Committee <strong>of</strong> the Banque de FranceFoundation. She is also an associate editor <strong>of</strong> the Journal<strong>of</strong> Finance and <strong>of</strong> the Journal <strong>of</strong> Financial Intermediation,a member <strong>of</strong> the Editorial Board <strong>of</strong> the Review <strong>of</strong> <strong>Economic</strong>Studies and a Research Fellow <strong>of</strong> the Center for <strong>Economic</strong>and Policy Research (CEPR). She is also a Fellow <strong>of</strong> theWilliam Davidson Institute at the University <strong>of</strong> MichiganBusiness School and has been a member <strong>of</strong> the Council<strong>of</strong> the European <strong>Economic</strong> Association. She obtained herBA at Universit´a Commerciale Bocconi, in Milan, Italy,and her MA and PhD in <strong>Economic</strong>s at Harvard University,Massachussetts, USA.Lily Fang joined INSEAD, Singapore as an AssistantPr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>of</strong> Finance in 2003. She holds an MA and PhD inFinance from the Wharton School, University <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania.Prior to studying finance, she studied mathematics, actuarialscience and management science at Simon FraserUniversity, Vancouver, Canada.Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Fang’s research focuses on the role <strong>of</strong> informationand information providers in the capital markets. Forexample, one <strong>of</strong> her earlier papers examines the relationbetween investment bank reputation and the price andquality <strong>of</strong> underwriting service. She has also studiedincentives and performance measures <strong>of</strong> financial analystsand mutual fund managers. More recently, she has studiedthe relation between media coverage and stock prices. Herwork has appeared in prestigious outlets such as the Journal<strong>of</strong> Finance and the Financial Times.At INSEAD, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Fang teaches Financial Markets andValuation, a core MBA Finance course, and <strong>Private</strong> <strong>Equity</strong>Finance, an elective course in Finance. She is the director<strong>of</strong> the Mastering Alternative Investments programme, anopen‐enrolment executive programme.Roger S. Leeds is a Pr<strong>of</strong>essor at the School <strong>of</strong> AdvancedInternational Studies (SAIS) <strong>of</strong> the Johns Hopkins University,Washington DC, USA and Director <strong>of</strong> the School’s Center for<strong>The</strong> <strong>Global</strong> <strong>Economic</strong> <strong>Impact</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Private</strong> <strong>Equity</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>2008</strong> Case studies: About the contributors 165
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The Globalization of Alternative In
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ContributorsCo-editorsAnuradha Guru
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PrefaceKevin SteinbergChief Operati
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Letter on behalf of the Advisory Bo
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Executive summaryJosh lernerHarvard
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• Private equity-backed companies
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C. Indian casesThe two India cases,
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Part 1Large-sample studiesThe Globa
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The new demography of private equit
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among US publicly traded firms, it
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should be fairly complete. While th
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according to Moody’s (Hamilton et
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draining public markets of firms. I
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FIguresFigure 1A: LBO transactions
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TablesTable 1: Capital IQ 1980s cov
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Table 2: Magnitude and growth of LB
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Table 4: Exits of individual LBO tr
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Table 6: Determinants of exit succe
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Table 7: Ultimate staying power of
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Appendix 1: Imputed enterprise valu
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Private equity and long-run investm
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alternative names associated with t
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4. Finally, we explore whether firm
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When we estimate these regressions,
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cutting back on the number of filin
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Table 1: Summary statisticsPanel D:
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Table 4: Relative citation intensit
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figuresFigure 1: Number of private
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Private equity and employment*steve
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Especially when taken together, our
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centred on the transaction year ide
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and Vartia 1985.) Aggregate employm
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sectors. In Retail Trade, the cumul
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employment-weighted acquisition rat
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FIguresFigure 1: Matches of private
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Figure 6:Figure 6A: Comparison of n
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Figure 8:Figure 8A: Comparison of j
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Figure 11: Variation in impact in e
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Figure 12: Differences in impact on
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Private equity and corporate govern
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et al (2007) track the evolution of
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groups aim to improve firm performa
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distribution of the LBO sponsors, m
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the most difficult cases. This stor
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to see whether these changes of CEO
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Figure 3:This figure represents the
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TablesTable 1: Company size descrip
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Table 5: Changes in the board size,
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Table 7: Board turnoverPanel A: Siz
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Part 2Case studiesThe Global Econom
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European private equity cases: intr
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Exhibit 1: Private equity fund size
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Messer Griesheimann-kristin achleit
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ealized it was not possible to grow
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The deal with Allianz Capital partn
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the deal, the private equity invest
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Exhibit 1: The Messer Griesheim dea
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Exhibit 5: Post buyout structureMes
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New Lookann-kristin achleitnerTechn
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feet. This restricted store space w
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institutional investors why this in
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Although a public listing did not a
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Exhibit 5: Employment development a
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