by Police - Bureau of Police Research and Development
by Police - Bureau of Police Research and Development
by Police - Bureau of Police Research and Development
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The Indian <strong>Police</strong> Journalespionage works also. A Superintendent was appointed to look afterthe welfare aspect <strong>of</strong> them. They too used to furnish daily accounts<strong>of</strong> visitors <strong>and</strong> to keep a searching eyes on their activities <strong>and</strong> in case their Superintendent. It was having a very systematized functioning espionage advantages. Even today, modern Government is yet to takemany ancient thinkers <strong>and</strong> in those days also, the word 'prostitution'was mentioned in many Sanskrit texts with a number <strong>of</strong> synonyms.Sources <strong>of</strong> StudyGanika in our earlier literature appears to mean an educated <strong>and</strong>accomplished woman, a member <strong>of</strong> a Gana or a corporation <strong>of</strong>citizens. It is most frequently, used in Kautilyan Arthasastra to denoteprostitutes. In Vatsyayan's, Kamasutra 1 ,“abhir abhyucchrita Vesya silarupagunanvita.labhate ganikasabdam sthanam ca janasamsadi”.It is further stated that (strivesadhari purusanatyo ktauganikajjuka)“A prostitute (Vesya), who is endowed with good character, beauty,<strong>and</strong> good qualities <strong>and</strong> distinguishes herself in them, receives the title<strong>of</strong> a Ganika <strong>and</strong> a high position among the people.” 2 Kumarsambhava 3Raghubansa 4 , Kiratarjuniya 5 , Sisupalvadha 6 , Sub<strong>and</strong>hu <strong>and</strong> Banafurnish us several references to courtesans as a prestigious decoration<strong>of</strong> royal palace <strong>and</strong> an indispensable part <strong>of</strong> city life. In heaven, heroesare rewarded with a large number <strong>of</strong> beautiful girls. 7High position <strong>of</strong> prostitution in India was also observed <strong>by</strong> travellers,who visited India later on. Referring to Megasthanese, 8 it is statedthat “courtesans followed the Army <strong>and</strong> that crowds <strong>of</strong> womensurrounded the King, they rode in chariots or horses, <strong>and</strong> some evenon elephants”. Chan Ju Kwa, a Chinese traveller, in his work on theChinese <strong>and</strong> Arab Trade in the 12 th <strong>and</strong> 13 th Centuries, observed thatthe King was escorted <strong>by</strong> a myriad <strong>of</strong> dancing girls (chi), thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong>whom were in attendance daily, in rotation, in the Chola Kingdom. InChaul, Pyrard-de-Laval noticed a great number <strong>of</strong> beautiful women(prostitutes), who sang <strong>and</strong> played instruments, when the King tookmeals (2.258). 9 Domingo Pass stated that prostitutes were allowed tobe in the presence <strong>of</strong> the wives <strong>of</strong> the King, to stay with them <strong>and</strong> chewbetel with them in Vijayanagar. 10184 January - March, 2013
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