by Police - Bureau of Police Research and Development
by Police - Bureau of Police Research and Development
by Police - Bureau of Police Research and Development
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The Indian <strong>Police</strong> Journalnot Government servants like ganikas <strong>and</strong> if a man forcibly enjoyed panas, but in the case <strong>of</strong> crisis, half <strong>of</strong>her monthly income could be forfeited <strong>by</strong> the State. 105 She could alsobelong to the royal harem 106 <strong>and</strong> could also be exclusively kept <strong>by</strong>panas. 107Kautilya had not stated clearly that rupajivika were Governmentservants like ganika, but the ganikadhyaksa had to determine herearning <strong>and</strong> put check on her extravagant expenditure. 108 Kautilya hadcategorized her in high class as Ganikas. Rupajiva used to live to thesouth <strong>of</strong> the fort 109 <strong>and</strong> were even allowed to attend the harem <strong>of</strong> theKing, whereas other kinds <strong>of</strong> prostitutes were not allowed to do so. 110The Rupadasi was unaccomplished <strong>and</strong> was employed in the personalattendance <strong>of</strong> a wealthy man <strong>and</strong> like the Vannadasi as mentionedin Jatakas, she could entertain customers on her own or serve undersome other persons. 111The Ganikadasi was a female slave <strong>of</strong> the Ganika, who could alsobecome independent <strong>and</strong> set up her own establishment. Thesamajatika mentions about sama, a courtesan <strong>of</strong> Kasi, who had aretinue <strong>of</strong> 500 Ganikadasis. 112 Varangana, varavadhu, varamukhya, allsuch names also, st<strong>and</strong> for a prostitute <strong>and</strong> ursali, originally meant asudra woman, also later came to denote a harlot. Pumsula <strong>and</strong> Lanjikaare later synonyms <strong>of</strong> harlots. Similarly, kulata, a married woman, wholeft her husb<strong>and</strong>’s home to become a public woman <strong>and</strong> v<strong>and</strong>haki, ahousewife turned whore, were other synonyms. Husb<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> v<strong>and</strong>hakiwas known as v<strong>and</strong>hakiposa, being maintained <strong>by</strong> v<strong>and</strong>haki.R. Shamshastri has enumerated that “the Ganika <strong>and</strong> sometimes,the rupajiva, too, received free training in the various arts <strong>and</strong> thosewho teach prostitutes, female slaves <strong>and</strong> actresses, artists, such assinging, playing on musical instrument, teaching, dancing, acting,writing, painting, playing on instrument, such as vina (lyre), pipe<strong>and</strong> drum beating, the thoughts <strong>of</strong> others, manufacture <strong>of</strong> scents<strong>and</strong> garl<strong>and</strong>s, shampooing <strong>and</strong> the art <strong>of</strong> attracting <strong>and</strong> captivatingthe mind <strong>of</strong> others shall be endowed with maintenance fromthe State. They, the teachers shall train the sons <strong>of</strong> prostitutes tobe chief actors (rangopajivin) on the stage. The wives <strong>of</strong> actors196 January - March, 2013
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