by Police - Bureau of Police Research and Development
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The Indian <strong>Police</strong> Journallanjika rupajiva, varavadhuh, punah sa varamukhya 30 <strong>and</strong> in Anekarthasamgraha,ganikawith bhujisya <strong>and</strong> dasi. 31 Halayudhain Abhidhanaratnamala enumerated as ksudra, rupajiva, vesya, ganika<strong>and</strong> panangana. Rupajiva vesya ganika panyangana tatha ksudra. 32Also quoted in Sabdakalpadruma, ad Vesya Amarasimha in Amarkosadescribed as ajana: varastri, ganika, vesya <strong>and</strong> rupajiva. Medini,quoted in Sabdakalpadruma,bhujisya with dasi <strong>and</strong> ganika.Bhujisya-dasiganika iti Mediniye. 33 Vatsyayan 34 stated that there weredifferent kinds <strong>of</strong> prostitutes, but according to Yas, 35 “Lake Samanyastryah prasiddhah kumbhadasi ganika rupajiva citi.”All kinds <strong>of</strong> prostitutes fell into three categories, that is, (1) Kumbhadasi,(2) Ganika <strong>and</strong> (3) Rupajiva.Among Rupajiva, Vats enumerated paricarika, kulta, svairini nati,silpakarika, <strong>and</strong> prakasavinasta, so that there were nine kinds <strong>of</strong> Vesya:Kumbhadasi, Paricarika, Kulta, Svairini, Nati Silpakarika, Rupajiva,<strong>and</strong> Ganika; Kumbhadasi paricarika kulta svainini nati silpakarikaprakasavinasta rupajiva ganika ceti vesyavisesah. 36 Vas. further statedthat all the vesyas were considered as kumbhadasi (Kumbhadasi tikumbhagahanam nikrstakarmopalaksanam. 37Vats had further categorized all kinds <strong>of</strong> Vesya into three categories:(1) Uttama,(2) Madhyama <strong>and</strong>(3) Adhama.The uttamaganikas were those, who distinguished themselves withbeauty <strong>and</strong> other good qualities <strong>of</strong> mistress <strong>and</strong> the knowledge <strong>of</strong>64 arts (uttamaganikam iti, rupadibhir nayikagunakaladibhir anvitauttamaganikah), the madhyama <strong>and</strong> adhama had one-quarter or oneeighth<strong>of</strong> these qualities respectively (gunanam ca padardhabh yammadhyamadhamah) 38 He (Vats) mentioned that a vesya could be aganika or a rupajiva or a kumbhadasi (Vesyaya iti ganikaya rupajivayah,na kumbhadasyah). 39In the Sanskrit literary works, at least thirty-eight synonyms for the word'Ganika' were used, that is, ajana, arthavrtika, apananari, apanayosa,karini, kumbhadasi, kulata, ksudra, darida, dasi. (nagarasobhini) nati,panastri. Panangana, panyapuramdhri, panyayosit(a), panyavanita,paricarika, pumscali, prakasanari, prakasavinasta, bhujisya, rupajiva,lanjika, lasika (vannadasi), varamukhya, varravadhu, varavanita,varavilasini, varastri, vilasini, Vesya, silpakarika, sadharanastri, svairini<strong>and</strong> hastini. 40188 January - March, 2013
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