First Responder EMS Curriculum for Training Centers in Eurasia

Steps of Infant CPRStep 1: Assess responsiveness.Step 2: Open the airway using the head –tilt-chin lift maneuver for medical patientsor the jaw thrust for trauma patients.Step 3: Assess Breathing – If the patient is breathing, place him/her in the recoveryposition. If the patient is not breathing, administer two rescue breaths (1 to1½ seconds each).Step 4: Assess Circulation – Use the brachial pulse in infants. If the patient has apulse, continue rescue breathing at a rate of 20/minute (every 3 seconds). Ifthe patient does not have a pulse, perform chest compressions at a rate of atleast 100/minuteStep 5: Perform 20 cycles of 5 compressions to 1 ventilation and then reassess thepatient (after about 1 minute). If the patient has regained a pulse andbreathing, place him/her in the recovery position. If the patient has regaineda pulse only, continue with rescue breathing at a rate of 20/minute. If thepatient has not regained a pulse, continue with cycles of five chestcompressions to one ventilation and reassess the patient every few minutes.Step 6: If only one rescuer is present, activate EMS after the initial 20 cycles ofCPR (approximately 1 minute).Steps of Child CPRStep 1: Assess responsiveness.Step 2: Open the airway using the head –tilt-chin lift maneuver for medical patientsor the jaw thrust for trauma patients.Step 3: Assess Breathing – If the patient is breathing, place him/her in the recoveryposition. If the patient is not breathing, perform two rescue breaths (1 to 1½seconds each).Step 4: Assess Circulation – Use the carotid artery in children over the age of 1year old. If the patient has a pulse, continue with rescue breathing at a rateof 20/minute. If the patient does not have a pulse, perform chestcompressions at a rate of 100/minuteStep 5: Perform 20 cycles of 5 chest compressions to 1 ventilation and then reassessthe patient (after approximately 1 minute). If the patient has regained apulse and is breathing, place him/her in the recovery position. If the patienthas regained a pulse, but is not breathing, continue with rescue breathing. Ifthe patient has not regained a pulse, continue with cycles of five chestcompressions to one ventilation, and reassess every few minutes.Step 6: If only one rescuer is present, activate EMS after the initial 20 cycles ofCPR (approximately 1 minute).Always remember the ABCs: airway, breathing, and circulation. The First Respondermust focus on these vital functions of the patient as his/her first priority. Alsoremember, however, to interact with family and friends of the victim in a caring manner.It is not the responsibility of the First Responder to offer a diagnosis or suggestadvanced levels of treatment. The First Responder’s responsibilities are to offerreassurance that appropriate care is being given and to display a caring attitude.5. Defibrillation: Automated External DefibrillationThe automated external defibrillator (AED) is a machine used by First Responders toprovide an electrical shock to an adult patient who is not breathing and is pulseless. Themachine may be automatic or semiautomatic. The AED is used to recognize abnormal,chaotic heart rhythms (ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation) that do notcreate a pulse. If the patient has no pulse, and the AED detects either of these chaoticFirst Responder EMS Curriculum/AIHA, July 2002 109