First Responder EMS Curriculum for Training Centers in Eurasia

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in the absence of airway problems, extremity injuries, or back injuries. These are patientswith serious injuries but no immediate life threat. The lowest priority patients are thosewith minor injuries as well as patients who are already dead or expected to die despiteinterventions.Upon arrival at a mass casualty incident a command post should be set up, dispatchnotified, and a triage officer designated. The centralization of operations will reduce theduplication of labor and increase the efficiency of the operation.Patient triage is a continuous process because patients that are initially of low priority candeteriorate. Different systems have different ways of approaching the patient evaluation,but it is important that a method is chosen by the system as opposed to leaving it up to theindividual.One simple way to rapidly triage is as follows:1. Identify the walking wounded by asking everyone who can move under his or herown power to move to a specified location. These are low-priority patients untilfurther evaluation.2. Assess the respirations of all patients who could not walk. If the patient is notbreathing, open the airway. If still not breathing, this patient is dead, so move on. Ifrespirations are above 30 or labored, this patient belongs to the immediate category.Patients with respirations below 30 are placed in the delayed category.3. Assess circulation. Any patient who is breathing but does not have a palpable radialpulse is tagged in the immediate category.4. Assess mental status. Patients with adequate respirations and perfusion who can’tfollow simple commands are triaged to the immediate category.This system is a stepwise system, and the steps must be performed in order.9. Application of Content Materiala. Procedural (How)None identified for this lesson.b. Contextual (When, Where, Why)The First Responder will apply knowledge of EMS operations throughout his/her career.Gaining access to patients and complex extrication require special skills that are not partof the focus of this lesson. For the purposes of this lesson, the important points aresafety and the medical aspects of the process.10. Student Activitiesa. Auditory (Hearing)1. Students will listen to tapes of dispatchers talking to callers and dispatchingproviders.b. Visual (Seeing)1. Students will look at actual equipment (preferred) or audiovisual materials aboutambulance equipment.2. Students will view audiovisual materials depicting an ambulance run.228 First Responder EMS Curriculum/AIHA, July 2002
3. Students will see various crash scenes to determine what will be needed to remove apatient.4. Students will look at the personal protective equipment available to them.c. Kinesthetic (Doing)1. Students will practice sending and receiving information to dispatch.2. Students will practice evaluating crash scenes and determining the need for acomplex access.Instructor Activities• Facilitate discussion and supervise practice.• Reinforce student progress in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.• Redirect students having difficulty with content.EvaluationWrittenDevelop evaluation instruments (e.g., quizzes, oral reviews, and handouts) to determine if thestudents have met the cognitive and affective objectives of the lesson.PracticalEvaluate the actions of the First Responder students during role play, practice, or other skillsstations to determine their compliance with the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor objectivesof this lesson.First Responder EMS Curriculum/AIHA, July 2002 229
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PrefaceIn the region of Central and
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Practical Lab MaterialsAirway .....
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Guidelines for Conducting the First
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sheets supplied in this guide will
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should have attended a workshop tha
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Job Description: First ResponderThe
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c. Additional Skills1. Use of the t
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as possible. After students have pr
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Guidelines for Case-Based Practical
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General Lecturing GuidelinesChapter
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discussing the different methods of
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survival. First Responders include
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medical director functions to ensur
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First Responder EMS Curriculum/AIHA
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Well-Being of the First ResponderCo
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and family. Do not become defensive
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1. Eye protection. Safety glasses m
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Legal and Ethical IssuesContents1.
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a. Expressed ConsentExpressed conse
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14. DocumentationProviding written
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The Human Body: A Systems ApproachC
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that the pharynx performs the dual
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c. Kinesthetic (Doing)1. Students w
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38 First Responder EMS Curriculum/A
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Lifting and Moving PatientsContents
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If the patient is on the floor or g
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7. Application of Content Materiala
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14. Describe how to clear a foreign
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Precautions1. Finger must not press
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. Finger SweepsThis method involves
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4. Place your other fingers along t
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. Management of the Obstructed Airw
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5. Students will practice ventilati
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19. Explain what additional questio
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can be determined by questioning th
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Determine estimated time of arrival
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E - Events Leading to the Injury or
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c. Kinesthetic (Doing)1. Students w
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100 First Responder EMS Curriculum/
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CirculationContents1. Objectivesa.
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Veins are the vessels that carry bl
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Step 5:Step 6:Step 7:Step 8:Step 9:
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Steps of Infant CPRStep 1: Assess r
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a. Use of the Semiautomatic Externa
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PracticalEvaluate the actions of th
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Medical EmergenciesContents1. Objec
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5. Demonstrate the steps in providi
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additional emergency medical person
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this internal temperature, adverse
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Signs and SymptomsSigns and symptom
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3. Ask questions in a calm, reassur
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EvaluationWrittenDevelop evaluation
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2. Attend to the feelings of the pa
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transmission of disease to yourself
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Sharp, pointed objects cause penetr
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c. Chemical BurnsChemical burns fro
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6. Partial-thickness burns7. Full-t
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2. Demonstrate opening the airway i
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3. Try to pad the extremity to prev
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Page 222 and 223: 2. IntroductionChildbirth can occur
Page 224 and 225: a. Delivery ProceduresWhen assistin
Page 226 and 227: 5. Student Activitiesa. Auditory (H
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Page 235 and 236: Infants and ChildrenContents1. Obje
Page 237 and 238: Suctioning the airway also is an im
Page 239 and 240: 6. Common Problems in Infants and C
Page 241 and 242: Remember that parents will be in ag
Page 243 and 244: Vigorous shaking of a baby may show
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Page 256 and 257: 3. DispatchDispatch is the communic
Page 265 and 266: Documentation and Quality Managemen
Page 267 and 268: Identify concrete, specific project
Page 273 and 274: Practical Lab: AirwayObjectives1. C
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Page 281 and 282: Practical Lab: CirculationObjective
Page 283 and 284: Practical Lab: Illness and InjuryOb
Page 285 and 286: Instructor will demonstrate the pro
Page 287: 19. Students will practice manual s
Page 290 and 291: Assistant InstructorThe instructor-
Page 293 and 294: Practical Lab: Lifting and Moving P
Page 295: EvaluationPracticalEvaluate the act
Page 298 and 299: 4. Insert it posteriorly. Bevel sho
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Page 305 and 306: Skill Descriptions: Patient Assessm
Page 307 and 308: Skill Descriptions: CirculationNote
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4. To determine whether the victim
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• Place the two fingers of one ha
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Skill Descriptions: Illness and Inj
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• Apply enough pressure to contro
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12. As the feet are delivered, gras
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2. The rescuer at the head places o
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Skill Algorithms: AirwayForeign Bod
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Trauma PatientSkill Algorithms: Pat
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Skill Algorithms: Patient Assessmen
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Two-Person CPRSkill Algorithms: Cir
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External BleedingSkill Algorithms:
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Skill Algorithms: Illness and Injur
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Skill Algorithms: Childbirth and Ch
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Skill Algorithms: Lifting and Movin
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Skill Algorithms: Lifting and Movin
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Sample Case Scenario - Patient Asse
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Sample Case Scenario - Illness and
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Sample Case Scenario - Childbirth a
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• Demonstrate the extremity lift.
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Figure 6. Check for unresponsivenes
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Head Tilt-Chin Lift ManeuverTo acco
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help. Monitor the victim, particula
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necessary to open the victim's mout
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In the second technique (lateral te
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is important to note that this smal
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CirculationAssessment: No Pulse Che
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these arteries even when hypotensio
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the nipples. This method has been u
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Current evidence indicates that the
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assess the victim's responsiveness
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arrhythmias should be instructed to
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jaw lift, for use in unresponsive v
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Figure 29. Mouth-to-mouth breathing
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Types of Ventilation Bags (Manual R
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Gastric Inflation. Increasing inspi
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. Specificity (ability to correctly
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After provision of approximately 20
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Chest Compression in the Infant (<
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ventilation after every fifth compr
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Coordination of Compressions and Re
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necessary to maintain optimal venti
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5. Keep foreign objects (i.e., marb
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Figure 38. Subdiaphragmaticabdomina
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tongue. Then use a hooking action t
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APPENDIX DRelief of Foreign-Body Ai
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Figure 41. Infant back blows to rel
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4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 until t
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6. It may be necessary for the Firs
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18. The correct rate to deliver che
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30. What is the greatest danger to
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First Responder Post-Course Test1.
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12. Which of the following statemen
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24. Components of an ongoing assess
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36. An adult patient sustains burns
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48. Which of the following is true?
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First Responder Extra Test Question
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11. Negligence is the deviation fro
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Answer KeyFirst Responder Extra Tes
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First Responder EMS Curriculum for Training Centers in Eurasia

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