War and Peace in Qajar Persia: Implications Past and ... - Oguzlar.az

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Social networks and border conflicts 12114 Kelly, Britain and the Persian Gulf, pp. 295–6.15 Encl. of 20 June 1838, in No. 44, 7 Sept. 1838, FO 60/59.16 Hennell to McNeill, 21 Nov. 38, FO 248/85. A rescript from Faridun Mirza,Governor of Fars, specifically stated that the sale of wine was forbidden in a Muslimcountry. See, 14 Dec. 1838, FO 248/85, on receipt of rescript.17 Hennell to the Government of India, 12 Dec. 1838, FO 248/85.18 No. 18, 8 Dec. 1839, FO 60/65,; see also Farman-Farma-yi Fars to MohammadShah in I. Safa’i, Yak sad sanad-i tarikhi (Tehran: Anjuman-i Tarikh, n.d.),pp. 37–8. Although the letter is dated Sha‘ban 1256/September-October 1840, itappears from the tone and content to have been written when he was Governorof Fars, i.e. in 1838–1839.19 Yapp, Strategies, p. 277.20 Ibid., p. 295.21 No. 35, 26 May 1839, FO 60/66.22 No. 42, 6 June 1839, FO 60/66.23 It was recorded in Hasan Fasa’i’s Farsnama-yi Nasiri that Shaikh Hasan, themujtahid of the ‘Usfur tribe, his nephew Shaikh Salman and Baqir Khan hadrisen in rebellion with the inhabitants of Bushehr and expelled the British regularsoldiers and Resident from the town. See H. Busse’s translation, History ofPersia (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982), p. 260.24 Encl. 2 in No. 13, 7 April 1840, FO 60/73.25 Robertson to Sheil, 21 June 1842, FO 248/108.26 Encl. in No. 72, 17 Oct. 1839, FO 60/67.27 Busse, History of Persia, p. 266.28 Encl. of 8 June 1839 in 10 July 1839 FO 60/66.29 P. Mojtahed-Zadeh, Small Players of the Great Game, (London: Routledge,2004), p. 65.30 No. 66, 28 Nov. 1838, FO 60/66.31 No. 69, 28 Nov. 1838, FO 60/60.32 Bonham to McNeill, 1 July 1839, in No. 51, 17 July 1839, FO 60/66.33 Bonham to McNeill, 25 Nov. 1841, FO 60/82.34 Yapp, Stategies, p. 105; R. Tapper, Frontier Nomads of Iran (Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 190.35 According to Cunynghame, the Lezgis were warlike and their main centre wasBodlith near Avari in the Eastern Caucasus. A. A. Cunynghame, Travels in theEastern Caucasus (London: John Murray, 1872), p. 213. He adds that no womanwas allowed to remain a widow for more than three months, so great was theshortage of the population in that area during the wars with the Russians (p. 214).36 Tapper, Frontier Nomads, p. 149.37 Ibid., p. 168.38 Ibid., p. 190.39 No. 52, 5 Oct. 1838 and No. 61, 5 Nov. 1838, FO 60/59.40 No. 61, 5 Nov. 1838, FO 60/59.41 No. 42, 6 June 1839, FO 60/66. The Shah was not clear as to his intentions inKhorasan, thereby arousing intense suspicions in the British.42 Encl. in No. 51, 17 July 1839, FO 60/66. The exact connection is not clear, buttheir support may well have arisen from sympathy for the struggle of Muslimsagainst control by a Christian power. Certainly Islam bound the Lezgis to othertribes fighting the Russians in the region, and perhaps to Shamil in Daghestan(who, however, is not named in the contemporary dispatches). Possibly also therewere economic links through pasturalism, and even, on the frontier itself of landownership.It may be noted that the Lezgis had a reputation for legalism, and wouldtravel long distances to settle legal cases. Cunynghame, Eastern Caucasus, p. 215.43 No. 38, 2 June 1839, FO 60/66.
122 Vanessa Martin44 No. 38, 2 June 1839, and No. 43, 6 June 1839, FO 60/66.45 Encl. of 8 June 1839 in No. 46, 21 June 1839, FO 60/66.46 No. 43, 6 June 1839, FO 60/66. See also No. 46, 21 June 1839, FO 60/66.47 No. 42, 24 Aug. 1840, FO 60/74.48 Encl. in No. 42, 24 Aug. 1840, FO 60/74; encl. in Hennell to Sheil, 25 May 1840,FO 248/99.49 For further examples see Vanessa Martin and Morteza Nouraei, “The Karguzarand Disputes over Foreign Trade”, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Series 3,16/2 (2006): 1–13.50 M. E. Yapp, Strategies, p. 373. For an example of their efforts at an earlier stagesee correspondence of 8 June 1839 in 10 June 1839, FO 60/66.
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War and Peace in Qajar PersiaPersia
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War and Peace inQajar PersiaImplica
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ContentsList of figuresContributors
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Figures5.1 Omani enclaves 1305.2 Ar
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Contributor listMansoureh Ettehadie
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AcknowledgementsThis volume grew ou
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2 Roxane Farmanfarmaianrepresented
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4 Roxane Farmanfarmaianchapter in t
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6 Roxane FarmanfarmaianThus, two si
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8 Roxane Farmanfarmaiangaining grea
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10 Roxane Farmanfarmaiantough deals
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12 Roxane FarmanfarmaianIranian geo
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14 Peter W. Averyin Shiraz and cont
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16 Peter W. Averybut the invasion w
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Part IWar
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22 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarth
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24 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarap
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26 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarmi
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30 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajardo
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32 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-QajarIn
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34 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarco
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36 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-QajarTh
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42 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarop
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44 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarbe
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46 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarva
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48 Stephanie Cronincapacity and res
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50 Stephanie Croninforces of the es
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52 Stephanie CroninPART ONE: THE QA
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54 Stephanie Croninprincipally on h
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56 Stephanie CroninThe French offic
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58 Stephanie CroninEuropean alignme
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60 Stephanie Croninthe authorities
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62 Stephanie Croninin the revolutio
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64 Stephanie Croninof power and sta
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66 Stephanie Croninliving and the m
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68 Stephanie Croninconsequences for
Page 83 and 84: 70 Stephanie Croninrevolution was a
Page 85 and 86: 72 Stephanie CroninNew British miss
Page 87 and 88: 74 Stephanie CroninBrigade to a Div
Page 89 and 90: 76 Stephanie Croninwithout the sove
Page 91 and 92: 78 Stephanie Croninaccounting devic
Page 93 and 94: 80 Stephanie Croninbut also faced a
Page 95 and 96: 82 Stephanie Cronindetermined on th
Page 97 and 98: 84 Stephanie Cronin15 For a discuss
Page 99 and 100: 86 Stephanie Cronin55 The Anglo-Rus
Page 101 and 102: 3 The Turko-Persian War1821-1823Win
Page 103 and 104: 90 Graham WilliamsonThe resultant w
Page 105 and 106: 92 Graham Williamsonprovincial forc
Page 107 and 108: 94 Graham WilliamsonThe field armyO
Page 109 and 110: 96 Graham Williamsonnot hold out mu
Page 111 and 112: 98 Graham Williamsonoften in arrear
Page 113 and 114: 100 Graham Williamsonthan any desig
Page 115 and 116: 102 Graham WilliamsonThere were ove
Page 117 and 118: 104 Graham Williamsonone should not
Page 119 and 120: Table 3.2 Persian regional armies (
Page 121 and 122: 108 Graham WilliamsonIranian influe
Page 123 and 124: 4 Social networks andborder conflic
Page 125 and 126: 112 Vanessa MartinPersian troops on
Page 127 and 128: 114 Vanessa Martinof comparatively
Page 129 and 130: 116 Vanessa MartinTHE ROLE OF SOCIA
Page 131 and 132: 118 Vanessa MartinThe Shah’s negl
Page 133: 120 Vanessa Martinborder or any oth
Page 138 and 139: 5 The consolidation of Iran’sfron
Page 140 and 141: Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
Page 150 and 151: Figure 5.2 Arab principalities
Page 162 and 163: 6 Narrowing the frontierMid-ninetee
Page 164 and 165: Narrowing the frontier 151witnessed
Page 166 and 167: Figure 6.1 The 1843 borderlands sta
Page 168 and 169: Narrowing the frontier 155And the S
Page 170 and 171: Figure 6.2 The 1850 Williams line a
Page 172 and 173: Narrowing the frontier 159elicited
Page 174 and 175: Narrowing the frontier 161travellin
Page 176 and 177: Narrowing the frontier 163be found
Page 178 and 179: Narrowing the frontier 165A similar
Page 180 and 181: Narrowing the frontier 167and accep
Page 182 and 183: Narrowing the frontier 169Perhaps t
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Narrowing the frontier 171By this s
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Narrowing the frontier 17346 For a
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Crime, security, and insecurity 175
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8 Merchants without bordersTrade, t
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Merchants without frontier 185the m
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Merchants without frontier 187and d
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Merchants without frontier 189photo
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Merchants without frontier 191their
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Merchants without frontier 193In an
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Figure 8.1Seated, first from left:
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Figure 8.3Seated: Hajj Mohammad-Taq
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Figure 8.5 Taken in Hajj Hasan Jour
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Merchants without frontier 201Figur
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Merchants without frontier 203Studi
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Merchants without frontier 20516 Me
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Merchants without frontier 207and t
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Merchants without frontier 209or pu
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Merchants without frontier 211It ca
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9 The politics of concessionReasses
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The politics of concession 215gradu
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The politics of concession 217Shah,
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The politics of concession 219assig
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The politics of concession 221compa
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The politics of concession 223gross
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The politics of concession 225the B
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The politics of concession 227as th
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IndexAbbas Mirza, Crown Prince 6, 1
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Index 231Gulf Arabs 127-9Gwadar 136
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Index 233policy in Persian Gulf 131
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