War and Peace in Qajar Persia: Implications Past and ... - Oguzlar.az

146 Lawrence G. Potter42 Government of India to Government of Bombay, 19 June 1868, in Iran in thePersian Gulf, vol. 1, p. 509.43 In Iran in the Persian Gulf, vol. 1, pp. 508–9.44 Abbas Amanat, “Qajar Iran: A Historical Overview,” in Layla S. Diba andMaryam Ekhtiar, eds., Royal Persian Paintings: The Qajar Epoch, 1785–1925(London: I. B. Tauris for Brooklyn Museum of Art, 1998), p. 24.45 “Bahrain and the Persian Claim” in John F. Standish, Persia and the Gulf:Retrospect and Prospect (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1998), pp. 149–77.46 Kelly, Britain and the Persian Gulf, p. 458.47 Curzon, Persia and the Persian Question, p. 388.48 Lorimer, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, vol. 4, p. 2053.49 Point 16 in Pelly letter, 10 August 1868, in Iran and the Persian Gulf, vol. 1, p. 512.50 Curzon, Persia and the Persian Question, pp. 394–6; Lorimer, Gazetteer of thePersian Gulf, vol. 4, pp. 2053–4.51 Robert Michael Burrell, “Aspects of the Reign of Muzaffar al-Din Shah of Persia1896–1907,” (Ph.D. diss., School of Oriental and African Studies, University ofLondon, 1979), p. 127.52 See the valuable series of articles by Vanessa Martin and Morteza Nouraei inJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society: “The Role of the Karguzar in the ForeignRelations of State and Society of Iran from the mid-nineteenth century to1921”; “Part 1: Diplomatic Relations” (JRAS series 3, 15/3 (2005): 261–77; “PartII: The Karguzar and Security, the Trade Routes of Iran and Foreign Subjects1900–1921,” JRAS 16/1 (2006): 29–41; and “Part III: The Karguzar andDisputes over Foreign Trade,” JRAS 16/2 (2006): 151–63. Also, Lorimer, Gazetteerof the Persian Gulf, vol. 4, pp. 2077–9 and Willem Floor, “Change and developmentin the judicial system of Qajar Iran (1800–1925),” in Edmund Bosworthand Carole Hillenbrand, eds., Qajar Iran: Political, Social and Cultural Change1800–1925 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1983), pp. 134–7. Referencehere is to Martin and Nouraei, “The Role of the Karguzar in the Foreign Relationsof State and Society of Iran,” part 1, p. 263.53 Martin and Nouraei, “The Role of the Karguzar in the Foreign Relations ofState and Society of Iran,” Part 1, pp. 269, 274.54 Ibid., p. 265.55 Ibid., Part 3, p. 157.56 Lorimer, Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, vol. 4, pp. 2054–7.57 Ibid., vol. 5, p. 2596. In 1900–1901 the net customs revenue of the Gulf was320,000 tomans, whereas previously they had been farmed for 250,000 tomans,only a portion of which reached Tehran.58 Ibid., pp. 2594–7. See also Burrell, “The Reform of the Customs Administration,”chapter 4 in “Aspects of the Reign of Muzaffar al-Din Shah of Persia,” esp.pp. 118 and 126–7.59 See the excellent study by Stephen R. Grummon, “The Rise and Fall of the ArabShaykhdom of Bushehr: 1750–1850,” (Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University,1985); also Willem Floor, “Zohur va Soqut-e Bushehr” [The Rise and Fallof Bushehr,] in Mostafa Zamani-niya, ed., Sayeh-ye sar-e mehrebani. Setayeshemilad va karnameh-ye doktor Mansureh-ye Ettehadiyeh (Nezam-Mafi) (Tehran:1383/2004), pp. 377–435. Dr Floor kindly provided me with the English versionof this very useful overview.60 Floor, “The Rise and Fall of Bushehr.”61 Ibid.62 Their Omani origin is cited in Niebuhr, Travels Through Arabia, vol. 2, p. 145;another possibility mentioned by Wellstead that they came from Abu Dhabi canprobably be disregarded due to the primitive state of that area at the time. SeeGrummon, “Rise and Fall of the Arab Shaykhdom of Bushehr,” pp. 67–8.