The politics of concession 227as the crucible for its exercise of imm<strong>in</strong>ent doma<strong>in</strong>, <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong> the long run, frameits energies <strong>in</strong> withst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g both the <strong>in</strong>cursions of the Great Game <strong>and</strong> subsequentchallenges by the Great Powers.Notes1 P. Mojtahed-Zadeh, Small Players <strong>in</strong> the Great Game: The Settlement of Iran’sEastern Borderl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> the Creation of Afghanistan (London: RoutledgeCurzon,2004), p. 41.2 A. C. Millspaugh, The American Task <strong>in</strong> <strong>Persia</strong> (New York: The Century Co.,1925).3 Avery, P., Modern Iran (New York: Praeger, 1965), p. 257; A. R. Sheikholeslami,The Structure of Central Authority <strong>in</strong> <strong>Qajar</strong> Iran, 1871–1896 (Atlanta: ScholarsPress, 1996).4 L. P. Ellwell-Sutton, <strong>Persia</strong>n Oil: A Study <strong>in</strong> Power Politics (London: Lawrence& Wishart, 1955), p. 55.5 Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet, Frontier Fictions: Shap<strong>in</strong>g the Iranian Nation, 1804–1946 (Pr<strong>in</strong>ceton: Pr<strong>in</strong>ceton University Press, 1999). Mojtahed-Zadeh, P. (2004)op. cit.6 Elwell-Sutton, op. cit. p. 53.7 P. Avery <strong>and</strong> J. B. Simmons, “<strong>Persia</strong> on a Cross of Silver, 1880–1890” <strong>in</strong> E. Kedourie<strong>and</strong> S. G. Haim, eds, Towards a Modern Iran: Studies <strong>in</strong> Thought, Politics <strong>and</strong>Society (London: Frank Cass, 1980), p. 8.8 Sir A. T. Wilson, <strong>Persia</strong> (London: Ernest Benn, 1932), p. 79.9 Mojtahed-Zadeh, op. cit., p. 25.10 Millspaugh, op. cit. p. 59, quot<strong>in</strong>g Shuster, p. 313.11 Avery <strong>and</strong> Simmons, op. cit. p. 8.12 Millspaugh, op. cit. p. 54.13 Avery <strong>and</strong> Simmons, op. cit., p. 5.14 Graham Storey, Reuters Century (London: Max Parish, 1951), p. 74.15 Avery <strong>and</strong> Simmons, op. cit., p. 19.16 Elwell-Sutton, op. cit., p. 18. See also Avery, op. cit., p. 258.17 Ibid.18 Jean Pierre Digard, Bernard Hourcade, <strong>and</strong> Yann Richard, L’Iran au XXe siècle(Paris: Fayard, 1996), p. 225.19 Denis Wright, The English Among the <strong>Persia</strong>ns, Dur<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>Qajar</strong> Period1787–1921 (London: He<strong>in</strong>emann, 1977), pp. 71–2.20 Ibid., p. 179.21 Elwell-Sutton, op. cit., p. 19.22 Wright, op. cit., p. 179.23 Elwell-Sutton, op. cit., p. 20.24 Ibid.25 Ibid., p. 23.26 Digard et al., op. cit., p. 225.27 Mohammad Malek, “The Naft-Khaneh Question: An Oil Agreement thatnever passed the Majles”, conference paper presented at “<strong>War</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Peace</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>Qajar</strong> <strong>Persia</strong>: <strong>Implications</strong> <strong>Past</strong> <strong>and</strong> Present”, July 2005, Cambridge University,unpublished.28 See for example, Manoucher Farmanfarmaian <strong>and</strong> Roxane Farmanfarmaian, Blood<strong>and</strong> Oil: Memoirs of a <strong>Persia</strong>n Pr<strong>in</strong>ce (New York: R<strong>and</strong>om House, 1997); R. W.Ferrier, The History of the British Petroleum Company, vol. 1: The Develop<strong>in</strong>g Years1901–1932 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982); Daniel Yerg<strong>in</strong>,
228 Roxane FarmanfarmaianThe Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money <strong>and</strong> Power (New York: Simon <strong>and</strong>Schuster, 1991).29 Avery, op. cit. p. 258.30 E. Penrose, P. Stevens, <strong>and</strong> E. G. H. Joffé, (1992) “Nationalization of Foreign-Owned Property for a Public Purpose: An Economic Perspective on AppropriateCompensation”, Modern Law Review (May 1992). A similar set of negotiationstook place between Sir John Cadman <strong>and</strong> the M<strong>in</strong>ister of Court, Abdol Hosse<strong>in</strong>Teymourtash under Reza Shah <strong>in</strong> 1925 when APOC revenues began to fall,<strong>and</strong> Teymourtash dem<strong>and</strong>ed a 50/50 revenue split, a 25 per cent share <strong>in</strong> thecompany, a reduction <strong>in</strong> the concessionary area by three-quarters <strong>and</strong> the paymentof taxes <strong>and</strong> duties from which APOC had previously been exempted. SeeFarmanfarmaian <strong>and</strong> Farmanfarmaian, op. cit., pp. 97–8.31 Ibid., pp. 94, 209.32 Farmanfarmaian <strong>and</strong> Farmanfarmaian, op. cit, pp. 95–103 passim.33 Cyrus Ghani, Iran <strong>and</strong> the Rise of Reza Shah: From <strong>Qajar</strong> Collapse to PahlaviRule (London: I. B. Tauris, 1998), p. 51.34 Farmanfarmaian <strong>and</strong> Farmanfarmaian, op. cit., p. 95, footnote.35 Ghani, op. cit., p. 51.36 Elwell-Sutton, op. cit., p. 26.37 See, for example, Ghani, op. cit., pp. 7, 31, caption photo <strong>in</strong>sert at p. 50. Ghanimakes the extraord<strong>in</strong>ary statement on p. 31, “All customs receipts were go<strong>in</strong>g towardrepayment of debts <strong>in</strong>curred by capricious <strong>Qajar</strong> k<strong>in</strong>gs, <strong>and</strong> the treasury had noother source of <strong>in</strong>come”, while fail<strong>in</strong>g to note that <strong>in</strong> 1916, the year of which hespeaks, APOC owed <strong>Persia</strong> significant payments from the period of the <strong>War</strong> <strong>and</strong>the treasury was aga<strong>in</strong> receiv<strong>in</strong>g yearly payments on oil exports.38 Quoted <strong>in</strong> Ghani, op. cit., p. 53.
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War and Peace in Qajar PersiaPersia
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War and Peace inQajar PersiaImplica
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ContentsList of figuresContributors
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Figures5.1 Omani enclaves 1305.2 Ar
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Contributor listMansoureh Ettehadie
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AcknowledgementsThis volume grew ou
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2 Roxane Farmanfarmaianrepresented
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4 Roxane Farmanfarmaianchapter in t
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6 Roxane FarmanfarmaianThus, two si
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8 Roxane Farmanfarmaiangaining grea
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10 Roxane Farmanfarmaiantough deals
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12 Roxane FarmanfarmaianIranian geo
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14 Peter W. Averyin Shiraz and cont
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16 Peter W. Averybut the invasion w
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Part IWar
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22 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarth
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24 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarap
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26 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarmi
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28 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarth
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30 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajardo
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32 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-QajarIn
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34 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarco
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36 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-QajarTh
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38 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarth
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40 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarth
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42 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarop
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44 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarbe
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46 Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajarva
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48 Stephanie Cronincapacity and res
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50 Stephanie Croninforces of the es
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52 Stephanie CroninPART ONE: THE QA
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54 Stephanie Croninprincipally on h
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56 Stephanie CroninThe French offic
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58 Stephanie CroninEuropean alignme
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60 Stephanie Croninthe authorities
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62 Stephanie Croninin the revolutio
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64 Stephanie Croninof power and sta
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66 Stephanie Croninliving and the m
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68 Stephanie Croninconsequences for
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70 Stephanie Croninrevolution was a
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72 Stephanie CroninNew British miss
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74 Stephanie CroninBrigade to a Div
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76 Stephanie Croninwithout the sove
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78 Stephanie Croninaccounting devic
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80 Stephanie Croninbut also faced a
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82 Stephanie Cronindetermined on th
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84 Stephanie Cronin15 For a discuss
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86 Stephanie Cronin55 The Anglo-Rus
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3 The Turko-Persian War1821-1823Win
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90 Graham WilliamsonThe resultant w
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92 Graham Williamsonprovincial forc
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94 Graham WilliamsonThe field armyO
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96 Graham Williamsonnot hold out mu
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98 Graham Williamsonoften in arrear
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100 Graham Williamsonthan any desig
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102 Graham WilliamsonThere were ove
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104 Graham Williamsonone should not
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Table 3.2 Persian regional armies (
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108 Graham WilliamsonIranian influe
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4 Social networks andborder conflic
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112 Vanessa MartinPersian troops on
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114 Vanessa Martinof comparatively
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116 Vanessa MartinTHE ROLE OF SOCIA
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118 Vanessa MartinThe Shah’s negl
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120 Vanessa Martinborder or any oth
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122 Vanessa Martin44 No. 38, 2 June
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5 The consolidation of Iran’sfron
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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Figure 5.2 Arab principalities
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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Consolidation of Iran’s frontier
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6 Narrowing the frontierMid-ninetee
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Narrowing the frontier 151witnessed
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Figure 6.1 The 1843 borderlands sta
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Narrowing the frontier 155And the S
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Figure 6.2 The 1850 Williams line a
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Narrowing the frontier 159elicited
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Narrowing the frontier 161travellin
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Narrowing the frontier 163be found
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Narrowing the frontier 165A similar
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Narrowing the frontier 167and accep
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Narrowing the frontier 169Perhaps t
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Narrowing the frontier 171By this s
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Narrowing the frontier 17346 For a
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Crime, security, and insecurity 175
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- Page 242 and 243: IndexAbbas Mirza, Crown Prince 6, 1
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