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Idioms and special phrases ·14· Gern Idioms are phrases that acquire their meaning from an entire expression and cannot be translated word for word. Imagine a German trying to make sense of the phrase Good looks run in the family by checking out the individual words in a dictionary. ordinary words 1 unexpected usage idiom The same is true when dealing with German idioms. Although they require care in their use, idioms are highly useful for writing interesting sentences, because they often provide a casual tone to a sentence and even a little fun in a text. Not all phrases that are difficult to translate are idioms. Some just have a special or even limited usage or are part of the German grammar that does not exist in English. Let’s look at a variety of idioms and special phrases that can be useful in creating lively or colorful sentences. Some are pat phrases that have only one form; others are more flexible and can change elements within their structure. The verb to like in German is composed of the infinitive haben followed by gern: Hast du ihn gern? Tina hat Professor Keller gern. Do you like him? Tina likes Professor Keller. Gern can be used with other verbs and still retain the meaning like. In such cases the word gern follows the verb directly and is not at the end of the clause as with haben: Ich tanze gern mit Angela. Die Mädchen spielen gern Tennis oder Basketball. I like dancing with Angela. The girls like playing tennis or basketball. The comparative and superlative of gern are lieber and am liebsten, respectively, and show a higher degree of liking to do something: Wir spielen lieber Schach. Wir spielen am liebsten Tennis. We prefer to play chess. Most of all we like to play tennis. 105
Übung 14·1 Example: Write original sentences with gern haben, using the given cues. der neue Lehrer Haben Sie den neuen Lehrer nicht gern? 1. der neue Student 2. Frau Schneider 3. du 4. diese betrunkenen Männer Now use the given verbs as your cues for writing original sentences with gern. Example: spielen Ich spiele gern Ziehharmonika. 5. wandern 6. reisen 7. sich ausruhen Useful expressions The following structure contains the modal sollen and can be used with a wide variety of verbs: hätte 1 infinitive 1 sollen Ich hätte es 1 tun 1 sollen. I should have done it. Das hättest du nicht sagen sollen. Das hätte man nicht tun sollen. Er hätte die Flasche Bier langsamer trinken sollen. A variety of subjects can be used with the following expression: Die ganze Familie ist vor die Hunde gegangen. Unser Geschäft wird vor die Hunde gehen. Der alte Mann ist vor die Hunde gegangen. You shouldn’t have said that. One shouldn’t have done that. He should have drunk the bottle of beer slower. The whole family went to the dogs. Our business will go to the dogs. The old man kicked the bucket. Numerous noun phrases or pronouns can follow the preposition auf in the expression that follows and means to look forward to something (don’t confuse it with sich freuen über, which means to be happy about something): 106 Practice Makes Perfect German Sentence Builder
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PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT German Sente
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To Riane, AJ, Jalyn, Tori, and Rile
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Contents Acknowledgments vii Introd
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Acknowledgments I wish to extend my
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Introduction Writing skills are usu
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Declarative sentences and word orde
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Nicht precedes a prepositional phra
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6. Die Lehrerin brauchte einen Kuge
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4. Ich begegnete meinen Nachbarn, a
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Übung 1·10 Example: Write origina
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Interrogative sentences ·2· In bo
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4. Man muss alle Verkehrszeichen be
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4. Ihre Kinder werden mit Liebe erz
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4. Die neuen Auswanderer sehnen sic
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In general, interrogative words are
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Questions and answers ·3· In the
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1. Unser Lehrer wird nach Irak fahr
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1. Die Kinder müssen sich die Hän
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Übung 3·5 example: Form questions
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3. wie viel / Meter / Stoff / haben
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Imperatives ·4· Imperatives are c
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3. tun 4. brechen 5. empfehlen 6. a
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lass/lasst/lassen Sie 1 object 1 in
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Übung 4·6 Write original imperati
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Coordinating conjunctions ·5· The
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4. (oder / aber) Sei ruhig! Geh sof
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Subordinating conjunctions ·6· Th
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Comma usage with subordinating conj
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3. Er musste wieder zu Fuß gehen,
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11. Woran denkt die alte Dame gern?
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Relative pronouns ·7· Relative pr
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It is probably wise to remind you t
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Page 68 and 69: Now complete each sentence with an
Page 70 and 71: Extended modifiers ·8· Modifiers
Page 72 and 73: 3. from her disappointing answer 4.
Page 74 and 75: Er ist ein bei Jugendlichen in Euro
Page 76 and 77: 4. laut / reden / Prediger 5. vor /
Page 78 and 79: Adjectives ·9· Adjectives are ver
Page 80 and 81: 2. a. ein Gebäude b. 3. a. durch
Page 82 and 83: Übung 9·3 Compose original phrase
Page 84 and 85: Positive Superlative laut loud am l
Page 86 and 87: der Reisende der Verletzte der Verw
Page 88 and 89: Adverbs ·10· Adverbial expression
Page 90 and 91: Modal adverbs Some adverbs portray
Page 92 and 93: Übung 10·3 Fill in the blanks in
Page 94 and 95: Pronouns ·11· Pronouns are words
Page 96 and 97: 2. Oft tut der Mann, was er nicht t
Page 98 and 99: Einander The reciprocal pronoun ein
Page 100 and 101: 1. Sie kauft den Kindern neue Schuh
Page 102 and 103: Infinitives ·12· Infinitives are
Page 104 and 105: As with the modal auxiliaries, lass
Page 106 and 107: Tina hilft mir die Sätze übersetz
Page 108 and 109: Übung 12·7 Example: Compose origi
Page 110 and 111: Short responses ·13· In every lan
Page 112 and 113: Wie Zwar The interrogative wie (how
Page 114 and 115: Wir gehen morgen Rad fahren. Groß
Page 118 and 119: Er freut sich aufs Wochenende. He
Page 120 and 121: um so besser Verschwinde! von Kopf
Page 122 and 123: 3. Die Kinder fürchten sich vor di
Page 124 and 125: Antonyms and contrasts ·15· Anton
Page 126 and 127: Übung 15·2 Example: Using each pa
Page 128 and 129: Positive Unser Haus ist klein. Die
Page 130 and 131: 3. Milchladen, Rathaus, Dom a. b.
Page 132 and 133: The passive voice ·16· In German,
Page 134 and 135: 5. a. Present b. Past c. Present
Page 136 and 137: Übung 16·3 Rewrite the following
Page 138 and 139: 2. a. Present Past Dem Lehrer wurd
Page 140 and 141: modal 1 participle 1 werden Es soll
Page 142 and 143: ecome or get, and the sentence may
Page 144 and 145: The subjunctive mood ·17· The sub
Page 146 and 147: The auxiliaries sein (to be), haben
Page 148 and 149: 8. essen 9. nennen 10. werden gefun
Page 150 and 151: Clauses that are introduced by wenn
Page 152 and 153: 3. , würde ich in Hamburg überna
Page 154 and 155: Übung 17·8 Example: Form sentence
Page 156 and 157: Punctuation ·18· German uses the
Page 158 and 159: Übung 18·2 Example: Using the cue
Page 160 and 161: Very much like English, German will
Page 162 and 163: 5. Esel / Pferd 6. lesen / oder 7.
Page 164 and 165: Letter writing ·19· If you were t
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In the text of the letter, it used
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In both informal and formal letters
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Übung 19·5 Write an e-mail messag
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Let’s write! ·20· Übung 20·1
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4. Wird euer Haus in dieser Straße
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3. Wohin? a. b. c. d. e. 4. Wa
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Übung 20·8 Choose one of the foll
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Answer key 1 Declarative sentences
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erster Sohn geboren? 8. Wie tanzt s
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7 Relative pronouns 7·1 1. Die Fra
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10·4 1. a. Der jüngere Bariton si
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8. Nicht heute. Ich gehe nach Hause
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17·3 Sample answers are provided.
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19·5 A sample e-mail message is pr
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