german_sentence_builder

Recommendations

Info

3. from her disappointing answer 4. a corresponding theory 5. next to the laughing boy 6. in the arriving train 7. the slowly flowing water Past participles Past participles are used to form the perfect tenses. But just like present participles, they can also be used as adjectives: (auxiliary omitted) 1 regular or irregular past participle adjective (hat) gekocht cooked (hat) versprochen promised (ist) angekommen arrived Inseparable and separable prefixes affect the formation of a past participle. With inseparable prefixes, the past participle does not require an added ge- prefix, e.g., besucht (visited) and vergangen (past). With separable prefixes, the prefix is separated from the past participle by a ge- prefix (infix), placed between them, e.g., mitgebracht (brought along) and zugenommen (increased). Let’s look at some example <strong>sentence</strong>s that use past participles as predicate and attributive adjectives. Er schien ganz gelassen. Er hatte eine gelassene Reaktion. Sie war gar nicht begeistert. Seine begeisterte Stimme war laut und schrill. He seemed quite calm. He had a calm reaction. She wasn’t enthusiastic at all. His enthusiastic voice was loud and shrill. Übung 8·3 Translate the following phrases into German. Provide the appropriate adjective ending for each past participle. Example: the written word das geschriebene Wort 1. a broken man 2. from the drunken man 3. with the excited boys 4. because of the poorly repaired motor 5. a hard-boiled egg 6. in the recently arrived train 7. the United States Extended modifiers 61
Extended modifiers Just as attributive adjectives can replace a relative clause that contains a predicate adjective, so, too, can participles replace relative clauses. Look at the following example with adjectives: das Haus, das klein ist das kleine Haus the house that is small the small house Compare that with the following examples, where participles replace the verbs in the relative clauses and the phrase that was previously expressed by the relative clause now precedes the noun that is modified: das Haus, das an der Ecke steht the house that stands on the corner das an der Ecke stehende Haus the house that stands on the corner das Haus, das gestern zerstört wurde the house that was destroyed yesterday das gestern zerstörte Haus the house that was destroyed yesterday In both examples above the relative clause has been changed to an extended modifier, with the present or past participle acting as the modifier with the appropriate adjective ending. English does not use extended modifiers to the same degree as German, and German phrases that contain extended modifiers tend to be translated as relative clauses in English, as illustrated in the above examples. der/die/das 1 participle 1 adjective ending der 1 sitzend 1 -e der vor der Tür sitzende Hund the dog sitting in front of the door Extended modifiers, especially those that are particularly long, tend to be used in formal writing or might be heard in a scholarly speech. When used in casual conversation, they sound cumbersome and lofty and are generally avoided. If an active verb in a relative clause is changed into an extended modifier, a present participle is used: der Mann, der singt 5 der singende Mann (the singing man). If the verb is passive, a past participle is used: das Lied, das gesungen wurde 5 das gesungene Lied (the song that was sung). If the verb is a verb of motion or another verb that requires sein as its auxiliary, the tense of the participle is determined by the tense of the verb. For example: der Zug, der gerade ankommt der gerade ankommende Zug der Zug, der schon angekommen ist der schon angekommene Zug the train that is just now arriving the train that is just now arriving the train that has already arrived the train that has already arrived If the verb is reflexive, the reflexive pronoun sich must be used with the participle: der Mann, der sich schämt 5 der sich schämende Mann Let’s look at a <strong>sentence</strong> with an extended modifier formed from the past participle bekannt. Notice how it can grow with the addition of modifiers and prepositional phrases: Er ist Politiker. Er ist ein bekannter Politiker. Er ist ein sehr bekannter Politiker. Er ist ein in Europa sehr bekannter Politiker. He’s a politician. He’s a well-known politician. He’s a very well-known politician. He’s a very well-known politician in Europe. 62 Practice Makes Perfect German Sentence Builder
Page 2 and 3:
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT German Sente
Page 4 and 5:
To Riane, AJ, Jalyn, Tori, and Rile
Page 6 and 7:
Contents Acknowledgments vii Introd
Page 8 and 9:
Acknowledgments I wish to extend my
Page 10 and 11:
Introduction Writing skills are usu
Page 12 and 13:
Declarative sentences and word orde
Page 14 and 15:
Nicht precedes a prepositional phra
Page 16 and 17:
6. Die Lehrerin brauchte einen Kuge
Page 18 and 19:
4. Ich begegnete meinen Nachbarn, a
Page 20 and 21:
Übung 1·10 Example: Write origina
Page 22 and 23: Interrogative sentences ·2· In bo
Page 24 and 25: 4. Man muss alle Verkehrszeichen be
Page 26 and 27: 4. Ihre Kinder werden mit Liebe erz
Page 28 and 29: 4. Die neuen Auswanderer sehnen sic
Page 30 and 31: In general, interrogative words are
Page 32 and 33: Questions and answers ·3· In the
Page 34 and 35: 1. Unser Lehrer wird nach Irak fahr
Page 36 and 37: 1. Die Kinder müssen sich die Hän
Page 38 and 39: Übung 3·5 example: Form questions
Page 40 and 41: 3. wie viel / Meter / Stoff / haben
Page 42 and 43: Imperatives ·4· Imperatives are c
Page 44 and 45: 3. tun 4. brechen 5. empfehlen 6. a
Page 46 and 47: lass/lasst/lassen Sie 1 object 1 in
Page 48 and 49: Übung 4·6 Write original imperati
Page 50 and 51: Coordinating conjunctions ·5· The
Page 52 and 53: 4. (oder / aber) Sei ruhig! Geh sof
Page 54 and 55: Subordinating conjunctions ·6· Th
Page 56 and 57: Comma usage with subordinating conj
Page 58 and 59: 3. Er musste wieder zu Fuß gehen,
Page 60 and 61: 11. Woran denkt die alte Dame gern?
Page 62 and 63: Relative pronouns ·7· Relative pr
Page 64 and 65: It is probably wise to remind you t
Page 66 and 67: 1. Er lud seine Freunde ein. a. (no
Page 68 and 69: Now complete each sentence with an
Page 70 and 71: Extended modifiers ·8· Modifiers
Page 74 and 75: Er ist ein bei Jugendlichen in Euro
Page 76 and 77: 4. laut / reden / Prediger 5. vor /
Page 78 and 79: Adjectives ·9· Adjectives are ver
Page 80 and 81: 2. a. ein Gebäude b. 3. a. durch
Page 82 and 83: Übung 9·3 Compose original phrase
Page 84 and 85: Positive Superlative laut loud am l
Page 86 and 87: der Reisende der Verletzte der Verw
Page 88 and 89: Adverbs ·10· Adverbial expression
Page 90 and 91: Modal adverbs Some adverbs portray
Page 92 and 93: Übung 10·3 Fill in the blanks in
Page 94 and 95: Pronouns ·11· Pronouns are words
Page 96 and 97: 2. Oft tut der Mann, was er nicht t
Page 98 and 99: Einander The reciprocal pronoun ein
Page 100 and 101: 1. Sie kauft den Kindern neue Schuh
Page 102 and 103: Infinitives ·12· Infinitives are
Page 104 and 105: As with the modal auxiliaries, lass
Page 106 and 107: Tina hilft mir die Sätze übersetz
Page 108 and 109: Übung 12·7 Example: Compose origi
Page 110 and 111: Short responses ·13· In every lan
Page 112 and 113: Wie Zwar The interrogative wie (how
Page 114 and 115: Wir gehen morgen Rad fahren. Groß
Page 116 and 117: Idioms and special phrases ·14· G
Page 118 and 119: Er freut sich aufs Wochenende. He
Page 120 and 121: um so besser Verschwinde! von Kopf
Page 122 and 123:
3. Die Kinder fürchten sich vor di
Page 124 and 125:
Antonyms and contrasts ·15· Anton
Page 126 and 127:
Übung 15·2 Example: Using each pa
Page 128 and 129:
Positive Unser Haus ist klein. Die
Page 130 and 131:
3. Milchladen, Rathaus, Dom a. b.
Page 132 and 133:
The passive voice ·16· In German,
Page 134 and 135:
5. a. Present b. Past c. Present
Page 136 and 137:
Übung 16·3 Rewrite the following
Page 138 and 139:
2. a. Present Past Dem Lehrer wurd
Page 140 and 141:
modal 1 participle 1 werden Es soll
Page 142 and 143:
ecome or get, and the sentence may
Page 144 and 145:
The subjunctive mood ·17· The sub
Page 146 and 147:
The auxiliaries sein (to be), haben
Page 148 and 149:
8. essen 9. nennen 10. werden gefun
Page 150 and 151:
Clauses that are introduced by wenn
Page 152 and 153:
3. , würde ich in Hamburg überna
Page 154 and 155:
Übung 17·8 Example: Form sentence
Page 156 and 157:
Punctuation ·18· German uses the
Page 158 and 159:
Übung 18·2 Example: Using the cue
Page 160 and 161:
Very much like English, German will
Page 162 and 163:
5. Esel / Pferd 6. lesen / oder 7.
Page 164 and 165:
Letter writing ·19· If you were t
Page 166 and 167:
In the text of the letter, it used
Page 168 and 169:
In both informal and formal letters
Page 170 and 171:
Übung 19·5 Write an e-mail messag
Page 172 and 173:
Let’s write! ·20· Übung 20·1
Page 174 and 175:
4. Wird euer Haus in dieser Straße
Page 176 and 177:
3. Wohin? a. b. c. d. e. 4. Wa
Page 178 and 179:
Übung 20·8 Choose one of the foll
Page 180 and 181:
Answer key 1 Declarative sentences
Page 182 and 183:
erster Sohn geboren? 8. Wie tanzt s
Page 184 and 185:
7 Relative pronouns 7·1 1. Die Fra
Page 186 and 187:
10·4 1. a. Der jüngere Bariton si
Page 188 and 189:
8. Nicht heute. Ich gehe nach Hause
Page 190 and 191:
17·3 Sample answers are provided.
Page 192 and 193:
19·5 A sample e-mail message is pr
show all

german_sentence_builder

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?