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4. Man muss alle Verkehrszeichen beachten. 5. Ich durfte Luise und Tanja begleiten. 6. Etwas ist in der Küche los. 7. Meine Tante freute sich auf das Wiedersehen mit ihren Verwandten. Übung 2·2 Translate the following English questions into German. 1. Do you (Sie) play chess? 2. Do you (du) have to stay at home today? 3. Haven’t you (du) gone to work yet? 4. Will they arrive at ten o’clock? Interrogative words Wer Interrogative words are used to pose a question about a specific element in a sentence: who, what, when, where, how, and so on. For the most part, German and English interrogative words are used in much the same way. The interrogative wer (who) inquires into the person or persons mentioned in a statement. But wer is a singular pronoun and requires a singular conjugation of the verb, even when it inquires into a plural subject. For example: Tina wohnt jetzt in Bremen. Wer wohnt jetzt in Bremen? Meine Eltern waren im Harz. Wer war im Harz? Tina lives in Bremen now. Who lives in Bremen now? My parents were in the Harz Mountains. Who was in the Harz Mountains? Interrogative sentences 13
If wer inquires into the direct object of a sentence or the object of an accusative preposition, the pronoun becomes wen (whom, who). If it inquires into an object in the dative case, the pronoun becomes wem (whom, who). And if it replaces a possessive adjective or a genitive case noun showing possession, the form wessen (whose) is used. Let’s look at some example sentences. The case of the interrogative pronoun wer, wen, wem, or wessen is determined by the case of the noun or pronoun it replaces: nominative, accusative, dative, or possessive. In the following example, the nominative subject is replaced by the nominative wer in a question: Statement: Der Lehrer ist noch nicht da. Question: Wer ist noch nicht da? The teacher isn’t here yet. Who isn’t here yet? In the next example, the accusative noun is replaced by the accusative wen in a question: Statement: Sie kennt den Lehrer. Question: Wen kennt sie? She knows the teacher. Whom does she know? If the accusative noun is introduced by an accusative preposition, that preposition will introduce wen: Statement: Er wartet auf den Lehrer. Question: Auf wen wartet er? He’s waiting for the teacher. For whom is he waiting? If the dative case is required to replace an indirect object or a noun introduced by a dative preposition, the interrogative wem will be used: Statement: Sie gab es dem Lehrer. Question: Wem gab sie es? Statement: Du sprachst mit dem Lehrer. Question: Mit wem sprachst du? She gave it to the teacher. To whom did she give it? You spoke with the teacher. With whom did you speak? And if the noun is in the genitive case showing possession, or there is a possessive pronoun showing possession, the possessive wessen is required: Statement: Der Sohn des Lehrers ist krank. Question: Wessen Sohn ist krank? The teacher’s son is sick. Whose son is sick? Übung 2·3 Example: Rewrite the following sentences, changing the underlined word or phrase to the appropriate form: wer, wen, wem, or wessen. Er kann uns gut verstehen. Wer kann uns gut verstehen? 1. Maria hatte ein Geschenk für dich. 2. Peter möchte mit der neuen Studentin tanzen. 3. Die Verwandten in Deutschland wollen ihr helfen. 14 Practice Makes Perfect German Sentence Builder
Page 2 and 3: PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT German Sente
Page 4 and 5: To Riane, AJ, Jalyn, Tori, and Rile
Page 6 and 7: Contents Acknowledgments vii Introd
Page 8 and 9: Acknowledgments I wish to extend my
Page 10 and 11: Introduction Writing skills are usu
Page 12 and 13: Declarative sentences and word orde
Page 14 and 15: Nicht precedes a prepositional phra
Page 16 and 17: 6. Die Lehrerin brauchte einen Kuge
Page 18 and 19: 4. Ich begegnete meinen Nachbarn, a
Page 20 and 21: Übung 1·10 Example: Write origina
Page 22 and 23: Interrogative sentences ·2· In bo
Page 26 and 27: 4. Ihre Kinder werden mit Liebe erz
Page 28 and 29: 4. Die neuen Auswanderer sehnen sic
Page 30 and 31: In general, interrogative words are
Page 32 and 33: Questions and answers ·3· In the
Page 34 and 35: 1. Unser Lehrer wird nach Irak fahr
Page 36 and 37: 1. Die Kinder müssen sich die Hän
Page 38 and 39: Übung 3·5 example: Form questions
Page 40 and 41: 3. wie viel / Meter / Stoff / haben
Page 42 and 43: Imperatives ·4· Imperatives are c
Page 44 and 45: 3. tun 4. brechen 5. empfehlen 6. a
Page 46 and 47: lass/lasst/lassen Sie 1 object 1 in
Page 48 and 49: Übung 4·6 Write original imperati
Page 50 and 51: Coordinating conjunctions ·5· The
Page 52 and 53: 4. (oder / aber) Sei ruhig! Geh sof
Page 54 and 55: Subordinating conjunctions ·6· Th
Page 56 and 57: Comma usage with subordinating conj
Page 58 and 59: 3. Er musste wieder zu Fuß gehen,
Page 60 and 61: 11. Woran denkt die alte Dame gern?
Page 62 and 63: Relative pronouns ·7· Relative pr
Page 64 and 65: It is probably wise to remind you t
Page 66 and 67: 1. Er lud seine Freunde ein. a. (no
Page 68 and 69: Now complete each sentence with an
Page 70 and 71: Extended modifiers ·8· Modifiers
Page 72 and 73: 3. from her disappointing answer 4.
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Er ist ein bei Jugendlichen in Euro
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4. laut / reden / Prediger 5. vor /
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Adjectives ·9· Adjectives are ver
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2. a. ein Gebäude b. 3. a. durch
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Übung 9·3 Compose original phrase
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Positive Superlative laut loud am l
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der Reisende der Verletzte der Verw
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Adverbs ·10· Adverbial expression
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Modal adverbs Some adverbs portray
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Übung 10·3 Fill in the blanks in
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Pronouns ·11· Pronouns are words
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2. Oft tut der Mann, was er nicht t
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Einander The reciprocal pronoun ein
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1. Sie kauft den Kindern neue Schuh
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Infinitives ·12· Infinitives are
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As with the modal auxiliaries, lass
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Tina hilft mir die Sätze übersetz
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Übung 12·7 Example: Compose origi
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Short responses ·13· In every lan
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Wie Zwar The interrogative wie (how
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Wir gehen morgen Rad fahren. Groß
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Idioms and special phrases ·14· G
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Er freut sich aufs Wochenende. He
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um so besser Verschwinde! von Kopf
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3. Die Kinder fürchten sich vor di
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Antonyms and contrasts ·15· Anton
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Übung 15·2 Example: Using each pa
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Positive Unser Haus ist klein. Die
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3. Milchladen, Rathaus, Dom a. b.
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The passive voice ·16· In German,
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5. a. Present b. Past c. Present
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Übung 16·3 Rewrite the following
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2. a. Present Past Dem Lehrer wurd
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modal 1 participle 1 werden Es soll
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ecome or get, and the sentence may
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The subjunctive mood ·17· The sub
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The auxiliaries sein (to be), haben
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8. essen 9. nennen 10. werden gefun
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Clauses that are introduced by wenn
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3. , würde ich in Hamburg überna
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Übung 17·8 Example: Form sentence
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Punctuation ·18· German uses the
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Übung 18·2 Example: Using the cue
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Very much like English, German will
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5. Esel / Pferd 6. lesen / oder 7.
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Letter writing ·19· If you were t
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In the text of the letter, it used
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In both informal and formal letters
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Übung 19·5 Write an e-mail messag
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Let’s write! ·20· Übung 20·1
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4. Wird euer Haus in dieser Straße
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3. Wohin? a. b. c. d. e. 4. Wa
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Übung 20·8 Choose one of the foll
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Answer key 1 Declarative sentences
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erster Sohn geboren? 8. Wie tanzt s
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7 Relative pronouns 7·1 1. Die Fra
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10·4 1. a. Der jüngere Bariton si
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8. Nicht heute. Ich gehe nach Hause
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17·3 Sample answers are provided.
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19·5 A sample e-mail message is pr
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