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Adjectives ·9· Adjectives are very useful in making <strong>sentence</strong>s more interesting or for providing clarity. They modify nouns and pronouns and can be predicative or attributive: Predicative: Attributive: He is lucky. John is a lucky guy. Adjectives work the same way in German, with the exception of requiring an ending when used attributively: ◆ Predicative: ◆ Attributive: subject 1 linking verb 1 adjective Die Frau 1 ist 1 krank. The woman is sick. subject 1 verb 1 declined adjective 1 object Die Frau 1 hilft 1 dem kranken 1 Kind. The woman helps the sick child. The pattern illustrated above shows a declined adjective in the dative case. However, declined adjectives occur in all cases (nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive). Predicative: Sie ist klug. She is smart. Attributive: Tina ist eine kluge Frau. Tina is a smart woman. When an adjective ending is required, the nominative singular of all three genders and the accusative singular of the feminine and neuter indicate gender differently, depending upon whether the determiner used is a der-word or an einword: Der-worDS Ein-words der, die, das the ein, eine a, an, one dieser this mein my jener that dein your jeder each sein his mancher many a ihr her, their solcher such unser our welcher which, what euer your derjenige the one Ihr your derselbe the same kein not any 67
With der-words, gender is shown in the determiner. With ein-words, gender is shown in the adjective. For example: Nominative: der alte Mann diese alte Frau jedes alte Haus Accusative: * diese alte Frau jedes alte Haus the old man this old woman each old house Nominative: ein alter Mann seine alte Frau kein altes Haus Accusative: * seine alte Frau kein altes Haus an old man his old wife no old house *(We’ll look at the masculine accusative forms later.) With both kinds of determiners, the adjective ending is always -en in the masculine accusative and throughout the dative and genitive with feminine and neuter nouns. In the plural, all adjectives with these determiners have an -en ending. For example: Singular Accusative: jenen guten Mann * * Dative: jenem guten Mann einer klugen Frau welchem neuen Haus Genitive: jenes guten Mannes einer klugen Frau welches neuen Hauses that good man a smart woman which new house *(See above for feminine and neuter accusative forms.) Plural Nominative: Accusative: Dative: Genitive: seine alten Bücher seine alten Bücher seinen alten Büchern seiner alten Bücher his old books The determiners alle (all) and beide (both) are exceptions. They are der-words but are only used in the plural. For example: Nominative: alle alten Bücher beide guten Kinder Accusative: alle alten Bücher beide guten Kinder Dative: allen alten Büchern beiden guten Kindern Genitive: aller alten Bücher beider guten Kinder all old books both good children Übung 9·1 Provide an appropriate adjective for each of the following phrases. Then use that phrase in a <strong>sentence</strong> in the same case in which it is given. Example: mit dem Kind mit dem kranken Kind Sie wollte mit dem kranken Kind sprechen. 1. a. von seiner Mutter b. 68 Practice Makes Perfect German Sentence Builder
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PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT German Sente
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To Riane, AJ, Jalyn, Tori, and Rile
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Contents Acknowledgments vii Introd
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Acknowledgments I wish to extend my
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Introduction Writing skills are usu
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Declarative sentences and word orde
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Nicht precedes a prepositional phra
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6. Die Lehrerin brauchte einen Kuge
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4. Ich begegnete meinen Nachbarn, a
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Übung 1·10 Example: Write origina
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Interrogative sentences ·2· In bo
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4. Man muss alle Verkehrszeichen be
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4. Ihre Kinder werden mit Liebe erz
Page 28 and 29: 4. Die neuen Auswanderer sehnen sic
Page 30 and 31: In general, interrogative words are
Page 32 and 33: Questions and answers ·3· In the
Page 34 and 35: 1. Unser Lehrer wird nach Irak fahr
Page 36 and 37: 1. Die Kinder müssen sich die Hän
Page 38 and 39: Übung 3·5 example: Form questions
Page 40 and 41: 3. wie viel / Meter / Stoff / haben
Page 42 and 43: Imperatives ·4· Imperatives are c
Page 44 and 45: 3. tun 4. brechen 5. empfehlen 6. a
Page 46 and 47: lass/lasst/lassen Sie 1 object 1 in
Page 48 and 49: Übung 4·6 Write original imperati
Page 50 and 51: Coordinating conjunctions ·5· The
Page 52 and 53: 4. (oder / aber) Sei ruhig! Geh sof
Page 54 and 55: Subordinating conjunctions ·6· Th
Page 56 and 57: Comma usage with subordinating conj
Page 58 and 59: 3. Er musste wieder zu Fuß gehen,
Page 60 and 61: 11. Woran denkt die alte Dame gern?
Page 62 and 63: Relative pronouns ·7· Relative pr
Page 64 and 65: It is probably wise to remind you t
Page 66 and 67: 1. Er lud seine Freunde ein. a. (no
Page 68 and 69: Now complete each sentence with an
Page 70 and 71: Extended modifiers ·8· Modifiers
Page 72 and 73: 3. from her disappointing answer 4.
Page 74 and 75: Er ist ein bei Jugendlichen in Euro
Page 76 and 77: 4. laut / reden / Prediger 5. vor /
Page 80 and 81: 2. a. ein Gebäude b. 3. a. durch
Page 82 and 83: Übung 9·3 Compose original phrase
Page 84 and 85: Positive Superlative laut loud am l
Page 86 and 87: der Reisende der Verletzte der Verw
Page 88 and 89: Adverbs ·10· Adverbial expression
Page 90 and 91: Modal adverbs Some adverbs portray
Page 92 and 93: Übung 10·3 Fill in the blanks in
Page 94 and 95: Pronouns ·11· Pronouns are words
Page 96 and 97: 2. Oft tut der Mann, was er nicht t
Page 98 and 99: Einander The reciprocal pronoun ein
Page 100 and 101: 1. Sie kauft den Kindern neue Schuh
Page 102 and 103: Infinitives ·12· Infinitives are
Page 104 and 105: As with the modal auxiliaries, lass
Page 106 and 107: Tina hilft mir die Sätze übersetz
Page 108 and 109: Übung 12·7 Example: Compose origi
Page 110 and 111: Short responses ·13· In every lan
Page 112 and 113: Wie Zwar The interrogative wie (how
Page 114 and 115: Wir gehen morgen Rad fahren. Groß
Page 116 and 117: Idioms and special phrases ·14· G
Page 118 and 119: Er freut sich aufs Wochenende. He
Page 120 and 121: um so besser Verschwinde! von Kopf
Page 122 and 123: 3. Die Kinder fürchten sich vor di
Page 124 and 125: Antonyms and contrasts ·15· Anton
Page 126 and 127: Übung 15·2 Example: Using each pa
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Positive Unser Haus ist klein. Die
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3. Milchladen, Rathaus, Dom a. b.
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The passive voice ·16· In German,
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5. a. Present b. Past c. Present
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Übung 16·3 Rewrite the following
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2. a. Present Past Dem Lehrer wurd
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modal 1 participle 1 werden Es soll
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ecome or get, and the sentence may
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The subjunctive mood ·17· The sub
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The auxiliaries sein (to be), haben
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8. essen 9. nennen 10. werden gefun
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Clauses that are introduced by wenn
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3. , würde ich in Hamburg überna
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Übung 17·8 Example: Form sentence
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Punctuation ·18· German uses the
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Übung 18·2 Example: Using the cue
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Very much like English, German will
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5. Esel / Pferd 6. lesen / oder 7.
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Letter writing ·19· If you were t
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In the text of the letter, it used
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In both informal and formal letters
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Übung 19·5 Write an e-mail messag
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Let’s write! ·20· Übung 20·1
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4. Wird euer Haus in dieser Straße
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3. Wohin? a. b. c. d. e. 4. Wa
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Übung 20·8 Choose one of the foll
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Answer key 1 Declarative sentences
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erster Sohn geboren? 8. Wie tanzt s
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7 Relative pronouns 7·1 1. Die Fra
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10·4 1. a. Der jüngere Bariton si
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8. Nicht heute. Ich gehe nach Hause
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17·3 Sample answers are provided.
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19·5 A sample e-mail message is pr
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