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Extended modifiers ·8· Modifiers include those words that help to describe a noun or pronoun. Some modifiers are called adjectives. If an adjective follows a verb like sein (to be) or werden (to become), it is a predicate adjective. For example: Der Mann ist alt. Sie wurde krank. The man is old. She became ill. Attributive adjectives If the adjective stands in front of the noun, it is called an attributive adjective and in German it will have an ending, and that ending will be determined by gender, number, and case. For example: Kennst du den alten Mann? Sie besuchte ein krankes Kind. Do you know the old man? She visited a sick child. If you think about it, attributive adjectives play about the same role as certain relative clauses in which a predicate adjective is used. For example: Kennst du den Mann, der alt ist? Kennst du den alten Mann? Sie besuchte ein Kind, das krank ist. Sie besuchte ein krankes Kind. Do you know the man who is old? Do you know the old man? She visited a child that is sick. She visited a sick child. The differences are the need for an ending on an attributive adjective and the need for a subject and verb in the relative clause. The use of an attributive adjective, therefore, is a bit more efficient and requires less time to say and less space to write. Attributive adjectives can be extended somewhat by using other modifiers— adverbs—to define them. For example: Sie hat einen ziemlich schnellen Wagen. Das ist eine sehr wichtige Tatsache. She has a rather fast car. That’s a very important fact. The modifiers in the example <strong>sentence</strong>s above were extended by the adverbs ziemlich and sehr. And, as you can clearly see, German and English function in the very same way when adverbs modify adjectives. By the way, that word extended will become important later on in this chapter. 59
Present participles Present participles in German are formed quite simply. A -d ending is added to an infinitive. For example: infinitive 1 d present participle störend entsprechend anregend disturbing corresponding stimulating Notice that the absence or presence of an inseparable or separable prefix does not affect the formation of present participles. Present participles are translated into English using an -ing suffix. Present participles can be used as adverbs or adjectives, and when they are used as adjectives, they function as predicate or attributive adjectives. Let’s look at some examples: Sein Verhalten war sehr störend. Er machte einen störenden Lärm. Sein letzter Roman war spannend. Das soll ein spannender Film sein. His behavior was very disturbing. He made a disturbing noise. His last novel was thrilling. That’s supposed to be a thrilling movie. Just like other modifiers, present participles can be modified by adverbs (sehr störend). Übung 8·1 Example: Form the present participle from the verb in each of the following phrases. Give the English translation of each participle. ich laufe laufend running 1. du kommst an 2. ich zwinge 3. er belastet 4. Sie stoßen ab 5. du verhältst 6. sie sieht an 7. ihr fühlt mit Übung 8·2 Translate the following phrases into German. Provide the appropriate adjective ending for each present participle. Example: the crying girl das weinende Mädchen 1. the sleeping children 2. the loudly barking dogs 60 Practice Makes Perfect German Sentence Builder
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PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT German Sente
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To Riane, AJ, Jalyn, Tori, and Rile
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Contents Acknowledgments vii Introd
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Acknowledgments I wish to extend my
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Introduction Writing skills are usu
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Declarative sentences and word orde
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Nicht precedes a prepositional phra
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6. Die Lehrerin brauchte einen Kuge
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4. Ich begegnete meinen Nachbarn, a
Page 20 and 21: Übung 1·10 Example: Write origina
Page 22 and 23: Interrogative sentences ·2· In bo
Page 24 and 25: 4. Man muss alle Verkehrszeichen be
Page 26 and 27: 4. Ihre Kinder werden mit Liebe erz
Page 28 and 29: 4. Die neuen Auswanderer sehnen sic
Page 30 and 31: In general, interrogative words are
Page 32 and 33: Questions and answers ·3· In the
Page 34 and 35: 1. Unser Lehrer wird nach Irak fahr
Page 36 and 37: 1. Die Kinder müssen sich die Hän
Page 38 and 39: Übung 3·5 example: Form questions
Page 40 and 41: 3. wie viel / Meter / Stoff / haben
Page 42 and 43: Imperatives ·4· Imperatives are c
Page 44 and 45: 3. tun 4. brechen 5. empfehlen 6. a
Page 46 and 47: lass/lasst/lassen Sie 1 object 1 in
Page 48 and 49: Übung 4·6 Write original imperati
Page 50 and 51: Coordinating conjunctions ·5· The
Page 52 and 53: 4. (oder / aber) Sei ruhig! Geh sof
Page 54 and 55: Subordinating conjunctions ·6· Th
Page 56 and 57: Comma usage with subordinating conj
Page 58 and 59: 3. Er musste wieder zu Fuß gehen,
Page 60 and 61: 11. Woran denkt die alte Dame gern?
Page 62 and 63: Relative pronouns ·7· Relative pr
Page 64 and 65: It is probably wise to remind you t
Page 66 and 67: 1. Er lud seine Freunde ein. a. (no
Page 68 and 69: Now complete each sentence with an
Page 72 and 73: 3. from her disappointing answer 4.
Page 74 and 75: Er ist ein bei Jugendlichen in Euro
Page 76 and 77: 4. laut / reden / Prediger 5. vor /
Page 78 and 79: Adjectives ·9· Adjectives are ver
Page 80 and 81: 2. a. ein Gebäude b. 3. a. durch
Page 82 and 83: Übung 9·3 Compose original phrase
Page 84 and 85: Positive Superlative laut loud am l
Page 86 and 87: der Reisende der Verletzte der Verw
Page 88 and 89: Adverbs ·10· Adverbial expression
Page 90 and 91: Modal adverbs Some adverbs portray
Page 92 and 93: Übung 10·3 Fill in the blanks in
Page 94 and 95: Pronouns ·11· Pronouns are words
Page 96 and 97: 2. Oft tut der Mann, was er nicht t
Page 98 and 99: Einander The reciprocal pronoun ein
Page 100 and 101: 1. Sie kauft den Kindern neue Schuh
Page 102 and 103: Infinitives ·12· Infinitives are
Page 104 and 105: As with the modal auxiliaries, lass
Page 106 and 107: Tina hilft mir die Sätze übersetz
Page 108 and 109: Übung 12·7 Example: Compose origi
Page 110 and 111: Short responses ·13· In every lan
Page 112 and 113: Wie Zwar The interrogative wie (how
Page 114 and 115: Wir gehen morgen Rad fahren. Groß
Page 116 and 117: Idioms and special phrases ·14· G
Page 118 and 119: Er freut sich aufs Wochenende. He
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um so besser Verschwinde! von Kopf
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3. Die Kinder fürchten sich vor di
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Antonyms and contrasts ·15· Anton
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Übung 15·2 Example: Using each pa
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Positive Unser Haus ist klein. Die
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3. Milchladen, Rathaus, Dom a. b.
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The passive voice ·16· In German,
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5. a. Present b. Past c. Present
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Übung 16·3 Rewrite the following
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2. a. Present Past Dem Lehrer wurd
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modal 1 participle 1 werden Es soll
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ecome or get, and the sentence may
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The subjunctive mood ·17· The sub
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The auxiliaries sein (to be), haben
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8. essen 9. nennen 10. werden gefun
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Clauses that are introduced by wenn
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3. , würde ich in Hamburg überna
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Übung 17·8 Example: Form sentence
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Punctuation ·18· German uses the
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Übung 18·2 Example: Using the cue
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Very much like English, German will
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5. Esel / Pferd 6. lesen / oder 7.
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Letter writing ·19· If you were t
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In the text of the letter, it used
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In both informal and formal letters
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Übung 19·5 Write an e-mail messag
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Let’s write! ·20· Übung 20·1
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4. Wird euer Haus in dieser Straße
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3. Wohin? a. b. c. d. e. 4. Wa
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Übung 20·8 Choose one of the foll
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Answer key 1 Declarative sentences
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erster Sohn geboren? 8. Wie tanzt s
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7 Relative pronouns 7·1 1. Die Fra
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10·4 1. a. Der jüngere Bariton si
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8. Nicht heute. Ich gehe nach Hause
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17·3 Sample answers are provided.
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19·5 A sample e-mail message is pr
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