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Modal adverbs<br />

Some adverbs portray an attitude toward a statement or are part of the answer to a yes or no question.<br />

Germans call such adverbs modale Adverbien (modal adverbs). They comment on some<br />

occurrence or show a point of view. Some commonly used adverbs of this type are:<br />

auf jeden Fall in any case selbstverständlich naturally<br />

bestimmt definitely sicher surely, safely<br />

gewiss certainly tatsächlich actually, really<br />

hoffentlich hopefully unbedingt absolutely<br />

leider unfortunately wahrscheinlich probably<br />

natürlich naturally wirklich really<br />

ohne Zweifel without a doubt<br />

Such adverbs are often used in an elliptical phrase, meaning that they can stand alone,<br />

because the content of the response is understood. For example:<br />

—Kann Erik uns helfen?<br />

—Selbstverständlich.<br />

—Haben sie genug Geld, um ins Kino zu<br />

gehen?<br />

—Hoffentlich.<br />

—Ist deine Mutter wieder gesund?<br />

—Leider nicht.<br />

—Can Erik help us?<br />

—Naturally.<br />

—Do they have enough money to go to the<br />

movies?<br />

—Hopefully. (I hope so.)<br />

—Is your mother well again?<br />

—Unfortunately, not.<br />

In addition, adverbs of this type are used in complete <strong>sentence</strong>s like other adverbs:<br />

Es ist wirklich kalt geworden.<br />

Der Kranke wird wahrscheinlich heute<br />

abend sterben.<br />

It’s gotten really cold.<br />

The patient will probably die this evening.<br />

Übung<br />

10·2<br />

Example:<br />

Compose <strong>sentence</strong>s using the words provided in each list. Add any necessary words.<br />

er / kaufen / ziemlich / teuer / Anzug<br />

Er kauft einen ziemlich teuren Anzug.<br />

1. ihr / jüngste / Sohn / sein / wirklich / faul<br />

2. es / geben / heute / bestimmt / noch / Regen<br />

3. klein / Hündchen / sein / sehr / schwach / und / sein / leider / sterben<br />

4. Karl / werden / wir / wahrscheinlich / zu / Bahnhof / begleiten<br />

Adverbs 79

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