ultrasound diagnosis of fatal anomalies

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SECOND SCREENINGFig. 1.36 Second screening, 18–21 weeks.Cross-section of the fetal abdomen at 23 + 6 weeks,showing female genitals (labial folds).Fig. 1.37 Second screening, 18–21 weeks.Fetal hand at 22 + 2 weeks. The phalanges are welldemonstrated.Fig. 1.38 Second screening, 18–21 weeks.Fetal foot at 22 + 3 weeks.117
ULTRASOUND SCREENINGFig. 1.39 Second screening, 18–21 weeks.Uterineartery21+6weeks.Top: color Dopplersonography, showing the artery crossing the iliacartery. Bottom: Blood flow velocity curve using thepulsed Doppler mode. Normal findings.Fig. 1.40 Second screening, 18–21 weeks.Color-coded Doppler sonography of the uterineartery, showing increased resistance and a significant“notch.”12345Fig. 1.41 Second screening, 18–21 weeks.Cervix 22 + 5 weeks. Transvaginal sonography; thelength of the cervix measures 37 mm. Apparentlynormal findings.18
Page 4 and 5: Ultrasound Diagnosis ofFetal Anomal
Page 6 and 7: PrefaceSince 1979, ultrasound scree
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTSAchondroplasia ............
Page 10 and 11: Introduction
Page 12 and 13: FIRST SCREENINGFor reasons of safet
Page 14 and 15: FIRST SCREENINGFig. 1.6 First scree
Page 16 and 17: FIRST SCREENINGFig. 1.12 First scre
Page 18 and 19: SECOND SCREENINGview alone can easi
Page 20 and 21: SECOND SCREENINGFig. 1.18 Second sc
Page 30: THIRD SCREENINGTable 1.1(Continue)S
Page 33 and 34: 2 The Central Nervous Systemand the
Page 35 and 36: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE
Page 69 and 70: FACE AND NECKFig. 3.2 Cleft lip and
Page 71 and 72: FACE AND NECKFig. 3.7 Cleft lip and
Page 73 and 74: FACE AND NECKFig. 3.9 Hygroma colli
Page 75 and 76: FACE AND NECKtions, literature, pho
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FACE AND NECKFig. 3.17 Fetal goiter
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THORAXFig. 4.1 Congenital cystic ad
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THORAXEsophageal Atresia12345Defini
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THORAXFig. 4.7 Primary fetal hydrot
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THORAXReferencesBecker R, Arabin B,
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THORAXFig. 4.15 Left-sided diaphrag
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5 The Heart12345General Considerati
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THE HEART12345tricle, and pulmonary
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THE HEARTFig. 5.4 Complete atrioven
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THE HEARTFig. 5.9 Atrioventricular
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THE HEARTFig. 5.10 Atypical four-ch
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THE HEARTFig. 5.11 Ebstein anomaly,
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THE HEARTFig. 5.14 Ectopia cordis.
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THE HEARTFig. 5.16 Tetralogy of Fal
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THE HEART12345Associated syndromes:
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THE HEARTFig. 5.25 Hypoplastic left
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THE HEARToccur concomitantly. In ad
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THE HEARTFig. 5.28 Transposition of
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THE HEARTFig. 5.30 Ventricular sept
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6 AbdomenAnal Atresia12345Definitio
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ABDOMENimportant to differentiate b
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ABDOMENNyberg DA, Resta RG, Luthy D
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ABDOMENFig. 6.4 Gastroschisis. Loop
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ABDOMEN12345tween the two condition
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ABDOMEN12345Meconium PeritonitisFig
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ABDOMENOmphaloceleDefinition: Ompha
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ABDOMENthe small-bowel loops into t
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ABDOMEN12345smaller omphaloceles, v
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UROGENITAL TRACT12345Normal male ge
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UROGENITAL TRACTFig. 7.2 Hydrocele.
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UROGENITAL TRACTFig. 7.8 Micropenis
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UROGENITAL TRACTMalini S, Valdes C,
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UROGENITAL TRACTUltrasound findings
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UROGENITAL TRACTFig. 7.16 Multicyst
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UROGENITAL TRACTFig. 7.18 Normal ki
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UROGENITAL TRACTMorse RP, Rawnsley
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UROGENITAL TRACTFig. 7.25 Ovarian c
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UROGENITAL TRACT12345Differential d
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UROGENITAL TRACTUrethral Valve Sequ
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UROGENITAL TRACTFig. 7.34 Urethral
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESPrognosis: Intrau
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESTeratogens: None
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESFig. 8.4 Arthrogr
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESFig. 8.10 Arthrog
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESFig. 8.11 Focal f
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESUltrasound findin
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SKELETAL ANOMALIES12345Type II: is
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESFig. 8.19 Osteoge
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESFig. 8.22 Polydac
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESClinical manageme
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESShort Rib-Polydac
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESFig. 8.33 Short r
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESFig. 8.37 Thanato
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SKELETAL ANOMALIESFig. 8.43 Thanato
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ChromosomalDisorders and theirSoft
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PALLISTER-KILLIAN SYNDROMEJacobsen
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TRIPLOIDYFig. 9.1 Triploidy at 16 +
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TRIPLOIDYFig. 9.7 Triploidy. Margin
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TRISOMY 8Holzgreve W, Miny P, Holzg
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TRISOMY 13ReferencesHengstschlager
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TRISOMY 13Fig. 9.16 Trisomy 13. Bil
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TRISOMY 13Fig. 9.21 Trisomy 13. Dou
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TRISOMY 18Scope: NationalNumber of
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TRISOMY 18Fig. 9.30 Trisomy 18. Fet
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TRISOMY 18Fig. 9.46 Trisomy 18. Sam
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TRISOMY 18Fig. 9.52 Trisomy 18. Sam
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TRISOMY 21Fig. 9.56 Trisomy 21. Nuc
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TRISOMY 21Fig. 9.61Trisomy 21. AV c
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TRISOMY 21Fig. 9.67 Trisomy 21. Cro
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TURNER SYNDROMETurner SyndromeDefin
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TURNER SYNDROMEFig. 9.74 Turner syn
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WOLF-HIRSCHHORN SYNDROMEScope: Nati
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WOLF-HIRSCHHORN SYNDROMEFig. 9.82 W
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10 Soft Markers of ChromosomalAberr
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ECHOGENIC BOWELEchogenic BowelDefin
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ECHOGENIC KIDNEYSEchogenic KidneysD
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MILD VENTRICULOMEGALYAssociated syn
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SHORT FEMURNicolaides KH, Snijders
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CHOROID PLEXUS CYSTSClinical manage
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SINGLE UMBILICAL ARTERYHoward RJ, T
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WHITE SPOTFig. 10.15 White spot. Th
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Selected Syndromesand Associations
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APERT SYNDROMEKaryotyping (differen
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BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN SYNDROMEBeckwith
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CHARGE ASSOCIATIONFig. 11.7 Body st
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Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (Brachma
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FREEMAN-SHELDON SYNDROMEOrigin/gene
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FRYNS SYNDROMEFig. 11.9 Fryns syndr
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HYDROLETHALUSDillon E, Renwick M, W
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KLIPPEL-TRÉNAUNAY-WEBER SYNDROMEBa
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LARSEN SYNDROMEMeholic AJ, Freimani
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MECKEL-GRUBER SYNDROMEMeckel-Gruber
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MECKEL-GRUBER SYNDROMEFig. 11.23 Me
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MOHR SYNDROMEPrognosis: This is gen
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MULTIPLE PTERYGIUM SYNDROMEFig. 11.
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MURCS ASSOCIATIONalso be associated
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NOONAN SYNDROMENeu-Laxova SyndromeD
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PENA-SHOKEIR SYNDROMEPena-Shokeir S
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PENA-SHOKEIR SYNDROMEFig. 11.39 Pen
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PIERRE ROBIN SEQUENCEFig. 11.42 Pie
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SMITH-LEMLI-OPITZ SYNDROMEShprintze
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SMITH-LEMLI-OPITZ SYNDROMEFig. 11.4
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THROMBOCYTOPENIA-ABSENT RADIUS (TAR
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VACTERL ASSOCIATIONsis. Cardiac rha
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VACTERL ASSOCIATIONFig. 11.54 VACTE
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CYSTIC FIBROSISSelf-Help Organizati
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Other Causes ofFetal Disease andAno
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RHESUS INCOMPATIBILITYReferencesAlt
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13 InfectionsCongenital SyphilisDef
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PARVOVIRUS B19Parvovirus B19Definit
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CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONPratlong F
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CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONFig. 13.4
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14 Placenta, Cord, and AmnioticFlui
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CYSTS OF THE UMBILICAL CORDCysts of
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OLIGOHYDRAMNIOSOligohydramniosDefin
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have fatal consequences, leading to
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DETERMINATION OF ZYGOSITYFig. 15.4
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CONJOINED TWINSFig. 15.6 Conjoined
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TWIN REVERSED ARTERIAL PERFUSIONmay
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TWIN-TO-TWIN TRANSFUSION SYNDROMESc
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TWIN-TO-TWIN TRANSFUSION SYNDROMEna
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16 Growth DisturbanceMacrosomiaDefi
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GROWTH DISTURBANCEsurvivors have a
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18 DrugsAnticonvulsive DrugsSubstan
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COCAINE AND HEROINSelf-Help Organiz
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19 AppendixFurther ReadingBenacerra
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III. SCREENINGTable 19.1(Continue)F
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III. SCREENINGTable 19.1(Continue)S
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APPENDIXCardiacfindingsThoracoabdom
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APPENDIXExtremities,skeletal findin
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APPENDIXmmmm351203095 %11010095 %25
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APPENDIXmm60mm14555045403595 %5 %12
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APPENDIXmm90mm7080706095 %5 %605095
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APPENDIXmm25mm252095 %2095 %155 %15
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APPENDIXcm40PI5,0354,5304,03,5253,0
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APPENDIXPI3,53,02.52,01,51,00,50,02
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INDEXesophageal atresia 72extrasyst
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INDEXGgallbladder 8, 139gastrointes
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INDEXtrisomy 13 188trisomy 18 194va
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INDEXSmith-Lemli-Optitz syndrome 27
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INDEXwhite spot 232-3Wildervancksyn
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