ultrasound diagnosis of fatal anomalies

ULTRASOUND SCREENING
Table 1.1
Checklist of sonographic screening.
Fetomaternal unit
Number of fetuses
Fetal position
Localization of placenta (placenta previa?)
Is amount of amniotic fluid normal?
(Oligohydramnios, anhydramnios, hydramnios)
Cervical length (below 3 cm?),
funneling of the cervical canal?
Biometric fetal assessment (correct due date, early growth restriction?)
Measurement of biparietal head diameter
Fronto-occipital diameter
Anteroposterior and transverse diameters of thorax
Length of femur
Measurement of other long bones—e.g., humerus,
ulna, tibia (disproportion between long bones and
body length?)
Biometry of intracranial ventricles (e.g. width of the
posterior horn of the lateral ventricle, hydrocephalus,
asymmetry of the ventricular system?)
Diameter of cerebellum (hypoplasia? Banana sign?
Correction of due date)
Cisterna magna dilation? (Dandy–Walker malformation?)
Cardiac biometry—ventricles, great vessels; disproportionate
ventricular size? Narrowing of the great
vessels? Is the pulmonary vessel smaller than the
aorta (Fallot’s tetralogy?)
Doppler sonography
Resistance index of umbilical artery
(increased? Zero flow?)
Resistance index of the uterine artery at its crossing
of external iliac artery. Notching?
Screening of fetal organs
Head
1
Normal shape? (Brachycephaly, lemon sign,
strawberry sign?)
Width and symmetry of the ventricles
Choroid plexus cysts?
Normal midline echo? (Holoprosencephaly?)
Normal shape of cerebellum
(banana sign, Dandy–Walker malformation
Demonstration of corpus callosum? (Agenesis?)
Demonstration of septum pellucidum?
(Agenesis of corpus callosum?)
Widening of cisterna magna?
(Dandy–Walker cysts?)
2
3
Face
Are eyes in the right position?
Is the nose visible?
Mouth and palate normal?
(Cleft lip and palate?)
Normal chin profile?
(Retrognathia? Pierre-Robin sequence?).
Continue
4
5
20