Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

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Chapter 7 - Nutrition Interventions for Diarrhea References 1. Vanderhoof JA, Murray ND, Paule CL, Ostrom KM. Use of soy fiber in acute diarrhea in infants and toddlers. Clin Pediatr. 1997; 36:135-139. 2. Roy CC, Silverman A. Pediatric Clinical Gastroenterology, 4th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences. 1995. 3. Kleinman RE, ed. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 6th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics. 2009 4. Bartholmey SJ. Cereal-based oral rehydration therapy. Pediatric Basics. 1997; 80. 5. Meyers A. Modern management of acute diarrhea and dehydration in children. Am Fam Physician. 1995; 51:1103-1113. 6. Maulen-Radovan I, Brown KH, Acosta MA, Fernandez-Varela H. Comparison of a ricebased, mixed diet versus a lactose-free, soy-protein isolate formula for young children with acute diarrhea. J Pediatr. 1994; 125:699-705. 7. Nazarian LF, et al. Practice parameter: the management of acute gastroenteritis in young children. Pediatrics. 1996; 97:424-433. 8. Duggan C, Nurko S. “Feeding the gut”: the scientific basis for continued enteral nutrition during acute diarrhea. J Pediatr. 1997; 131:801-807. 9. Judd RH. Chronic nonspecific diarrhea. Pediatr Rev. 1996; 17:379-384. 10. Samour PQ, Helm KK, eds. Handbook of Pediatric Nutrition, 3rd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. 2005. 92 Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Chapter 8 Section 2 - Problem-Based Nutrition Interventions Oral-Motor Feeding problems Robin P. Glass, MS, OTR/L and Lynn Wolf, MOT, OTR/L Children with neurodevelopmental disorders or developmental delays frequently have oral-motor and swallowing problems. These feeding difficulties influence the child’s ability to consume a nutritious intake in a variety of ways. The child may have inefficient or abnormal oral-motor patterns, making ingestion slow or labored. Oral-motor difficulties may limit the types of foods the child can eat. In addition, swallowing dysfunction may severely restrict the type of food textures that are safe for the child to eat. Most frequently, swallowing dysfunction affects the child’s ability to drink liquids. This may not only compromise the child’s overall nutrition but also his hydration status (1). Some factors associated with oral-motor and feeding problems include: • abnormalities in muscle tone and delays in motor development • oral-facial defects that interfere with feeding (such as cleft palate) • delayed oral motor development or abnormal oral motor patterns (e.g., a tonic bite reflex) • hypersensitive responses to touch and/or temperature in and around the mouth • dental problems such as severe dental cavities or acquired malalignment of the jaws and teeth • inability to properly coordinate feeding, swallowing, and breathing due to chronic medical conditions or central nervous system damage • related medical conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux that may affect willingness to eat • prolonged length of feeding sessions which tax both the child and the caregiver If feeding difficulties such as these are observed, a thorough feeding evaluation is indicated. A pediatric occupational, speech, or physical therapist skilled in feeding disorders can perform this type of evaluation. Complete evaluation of oralmotor and swallowing deficits in children with neurodevelopment disorders involves assessment of a wide range of factors beyond assessment of the level of oral-motor control. These include assessment of: • basic postural control and level of motor development as it relates to feeding • tactile sensitivity in the oral area and throughout the body Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs 93
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Nutrition Interventions for Childre
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Kay Kopp, OTR/L Occupational Therap
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Appendices Appendix A Sample Screen
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ii Nutrition Interventions for Chil
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Population “Children with special
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vi Nutrition Interventions for Chil
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Chapter 1 - Nutrition Screening and
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss needs,
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Statur
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Techni
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss paraly
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss time a
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss measur
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Mild m
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 9. Re-
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 5. Per
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometrics Table 2
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Refere
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 26. Kr
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Chapter 3 - Physical Activity for C
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Chapter 3 - Physical Activity for C
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Chapter 12 - Accommodating Special
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Chapter 13 - Nutrition Intervention
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Chapter 22 - Ketogenic Diet for Sei
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Appendix A Please list any other nu
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Appendix A Baby formula What kind o
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Appendix B Manufacturer Description
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Appendix C 282 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix D 284 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix E 292 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix E Table 3: Parent-Specific
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Appendix F Percentiles of Upper Arm
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Appendix F 302 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix G 304 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix H 312 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix I 320 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix J 328 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix K 336 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix K 338 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix L 340 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix M 342 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix M 344 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix N Gastrostomy Tube Feeding
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Appendix N activities. When feeding
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Appendix N Feeding Sets/Extensions
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Appendix N Fluid and Electrolytes W
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Appendix N osmolality of full-stren
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Appendix N Modular Products Modular
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Appendix N his family, and the home
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Appendix N • The feeding tube may
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Appendix N equipment. The Special S
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Appendix N Table N-2: Common Compli
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Appendix N Complication Possible Ca
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Appendix N 368 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix O Some conditions increase
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Appendix O Table O-3: Recommended P
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Appendix O 374 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix P Diet Prescription for Me
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Appendix Q Goals Considerations for
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Appendix R Condition Description Nu
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Appendix R Condition Description Nu
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Appendix R References 1. Ekvall SW
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Appendix S Table S-1: Infant Formul
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Appendix S Comments Osmolality (mOs
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Appendix S Table S-2: Pediatric For
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Appendix S Table S-3: Modular Produ
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Appendix S Comments Energy (kcal) P
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Appendix S Contact Information Abbo
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Appendix T Powdered Formulas Accura
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Appendix T Table T-1: Liquid Concen
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Appendix T 402 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix U Nutrition Strategies for
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Appendix U ADA Pocket Guide to Nutr
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Glossary Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Glossary Early intervention service
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Glossary Length (recumbent length)
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Glossary Stadiometer moveable headb
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Index specialist 98 target 108 Bink
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Index elemental formula 348 elimina
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Index I ICF. See International Clas
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Index risk indicators 4 screening 1
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Index suppositories 72, 77 Surmonti
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