Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 15 - Nutrition Interventions for Premature Infant After Discharge who is more than twice his birth weight by 4 months of age, may be demonstrating a pattern of accelerated growth even though he remains
Section 3 - Condition-Specific Nutrition Interventions immature maintenance of physiological stability, disorganized suck-swallowbreathing, decreased strength and endurance, cardiorespiratory compromise, and neurodevelopmental complications may contribute to alterations in feeding behavior and ultimately feeding success (16,17). Infants who experience unpleasant feeding experiences (choking, respiratory distress, GER) may begin to demonstrate aversive feeding behaviors. Evaluation of preterm infants with growth concerns and/or reports of feeding difficulties should include a careful history and description of feeding behaviors and observation. In observing a feeding, attention should be given to document control, organization, coordination of suck-swallow-breathing, length of time to consume adequate volume, evidence of distress, signs of choking or changes in respiratory status. Infants who demonstrate evidence of feeding difficulties should be referred to the appropriate disciplines for further evaluation and treatment. See Chapters 8 and 9. Nutrient Needs The nutrient needs of preterm infants after hospital discharge and throughout the first year have not been clearly established. Common practice is to view the nutrient needs of the preterm infant to be the same as the term infant when the preterm infant achieves a weight of 2.0-2.5 kg (4.5-5.0 lbs). Some follow-up studies raise questions about this practice (10-12). Infants fed a nutrient-enriched formula after discharge show improvements in growth and mineral status. Followup studies have also demonstrated decreased bone density in VLBW infants one year after discharge (18-20). Some preterm infants may continue to be at risk for inadequate bone mineralization after discharge. These infants may need higher mineral intake and monitoring after hospitalization. Currently there are no standardized practices to treat these infants and a variety of strategies have been used without clear identification of an optimal approach (13). Often, the transition to breastfeeding occurs after discharge from the hospital. These infants may continue to receive supplemental bottles of formula or breast milk until the transition to total breastfeeding is complete. To facilitate transition, follow-up is essential. This followup can be provided by a hospital or community lactation specialist. Standard infant formulas are designed to meet the DRI for vitamins and minerals for term infants when the infant consumes approximately 32 oz/day. Infants discharged from the hospital weighing 4.5-5.0 lbs may only consume 10-12 oz/day. This volume may be adequate to meet fluid, energy, and protein needs. However, a multivitamin supplement is needed to meet the DRI for infants until the infant or child consumes 24-30 oz/day. Soy formulas are not recommended for preterm infants, particularly those at risk for osteopenia, secondary to decreased bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus (13). Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs 169
Page 1:
Nutrition Interventions for Childre
Page 4 and 5:
Page 6 and 7:
Kay Kopp, OTR/L Occupational Therap
Page 8 and 9:
Appendices Appendix A Sample Screen
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
ii Nutrition Interventions for Chil
Page 14 and 15:
Population “Children with special
Page 16 and 17:
vi Nutrition Interventions for Chil
Page 18 and 19:
Chapter 1 - Nutrition Screening and
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss needs,
Page 32 and 33:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Statur
Page 34 and 35:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Techni
Page 36 and 37:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss paraly
Page 38 and 39:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss time a
Page 40 and 41:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss measur
Page 42 and 43:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Mild m
Page 44 and 45:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 9. Re-
Page 46 and 47:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 5. Per
Page 48 and 49:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometrics Table 2
Page 50 and 51:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Refere
Page 52 and 53:
Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 26. Kr
Page 54 and 55:
Chapter 3 - Physical Activity for C
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding recommend
Page 70 and 71:
Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Table 4-1
Page 72 and 73:
Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Assessmen
Page 74 and 75:
Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding 58 Nutrit
Page 76 and 77:
Chapter 5 - Medication-Nutrient Int
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 6 - Nutrition Interventions
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Chapter 8 - Oral-Motor Feeding Prob
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter 9 - Behavior Issues Related
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135: Chapter 9 - Behavior Issues Related
Page 136 and 137: Chapter 9 - Behavior Issues Related
Page 138 and 139: Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Other
Page 140 and 141: Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
Page 142 and 143: Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
Page 144 and 145: Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Refere
Page 146 and 147: Chapter 11 - Community Monitoring o
Page 154 and 155: Chapter 12 - Accommodating Special
Page 160 and 161: Chapter 13 - Nutrition Intervention
Page 234 and 235:
Chapter 19 - Nutrition Intervention
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Chapter 22 - Ketogenic Diet for Sei
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Appendix A Please list any other nu
Page 294 and 295:
Appendix A Baby formula What kind o
Page 296 and 297:
Appendix B Manufacturer Description
Page 298 and 299:
Appendix C 282 Nutrition Interventi
Page 300 and 301:
Appendix D 284 Nutrition Interventi
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Appendix E 292 Nutrition Interventi
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Appendix E Table 3: Parent-Specific
Page 316 and 317:
Appendix F Percentiles of Upper Arm
Page 318 and 319:
Appendix F 302 Nutrition Interventi
Page 320 and 321:
Appendix G 304 Nutrition Interventi
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Appendix H 312 Nutrition Interventi
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Appendix I 320 Nutrition Interventi
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Appendix J 328 Nutrition Interventi
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Appendix K 336 Nutrition Interventi
Page 354 and 355:
Appendix K 338 Nutrition Interventi
Page 356 and 357:
Appendix L 340 Nutrition Interventi
Page 358 and 359:
Appendix M 342 Nutrition Interventi
Page 360 and 361:
Appendix M 344 Nutrition Interventi
Page 362 and 363:
Appendix N Gastrostomy Tube Feeding
Page 364 and 365:
Appendix N activities. When feeding
Page 366 and 367:
Appendix N Feeding Sets/Extensions
Page 368 and 369:
Appendix N Fluid and Electrolytes W
Page 370 and 371:
Appendix N osmolality of full-stren
Page 372 and 373:
Appendix N Modular Products Modular
Page 374 and 375:
Appendix N his family, and the home
Page 376 and 377:
Appendix N • The feeding tube may
Page 378 and 379:
Appendix N equipment. The Special S
Page 380 and 381:
Appendix N Table N-2: Common Compli
Page 382 and 383:
Appendix N Complication Possible Ca
Page 384 and 385:
Appendix N 368 Nutrition Interventi
Page 386 and 387:
Appendix O Some conditions increase
Page 388 and 389:
Appendix O Table O-3: Recommended P
Page 390 and 391:
Appendix O 374 Nutrition Interventi
Page 392 and 393:
Appendix P Diet Prescription for Me
Page 394 and 395:
Appendix Q Goals Considerations for
Page 396 and 397:
Appendix R Condition Description Nu
Page 398 and 399:
Appendix R Condition Description Nu
Page 400 and 401:
Appendix R References 1. Ekvall SW
Page 402 and 403:
Appendix S Table S-1: Infant Formul
Page 404 and 405:
Appendix S Comments Osmolality (mOs
Page 406 and 407:
Appendix S Table S-2: Pediatric For
Page 408 and 409:
Appendix S Table S-3: Modular Produ
Page 410 and 411:
Appendix S Comments Energy (kcal) P
Page 412 and 413:
Appendix S Contact Information Abbo
Page 414 and 415:
Appendix T Powdered Formulas Accura
Page 416 and 417:
Appendix T Table T-1: Liquid Concen
Page 418 and 419:
Appendix T 402 Nutrition Interventi
Page 420 and 421:
Appendix U Nutrition Strategies for
Page 422 and 423:
Appendix U ADA Pocket Guide to Nutr
Page 424 and 425:
Glossary Autism Spectrum Disorders
Page 426 and 427:
Glossary Early intervention service
Page 428 and 429:
Glossary Length (recumbent length)
Page 430 and 431:
Glossary Stadiometer moveable headb
Page 432 and 433:
Index specialist 98 target 108 Bink
Page 434 and 435:
Index elemental formula 348 elimina
Page 436 and 437:
Index I ICF. See International Clas
Page 438 and 439:
Index risk indicators 4 screening 1
Page 440 and 441:
Index suppositories 72, 77 Surmonti
show all

Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?