Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 1 - Nutrition Screening and Assessment • diet • developmental feeding skills • behavior (related to feeding) • socioeconomic characteristics The screening activities in each of these categories are described in Table 1-1. Nutrition screening can be effective without including all the categories or all suggested data within a category. The screening protocols must be adapted to the setting and according to staff availability and other resources (6). Nutrition screening should be brief and easy to administer. Parent-administered questionnaires and/ or interview methods can be effective tools for obtaining screening data. Screening can be successfully completed by a variety of individuals such as the parent or caregiver, public health nurse (PHN), clinic nurse, therapist, social worker, family resource coordinator (FRC), primary care provider (PCP), registered dietitian (RD), or dietetic technician (DTR). Nutrition screening can be incorporated into initial early intervention screenings so that concerns can be identified and referred for an assessment. Infants and children need to be screened on a regular basis to monitor growth and nutritional status over time. Sample screening forms are included in Appendix A. When a child is identified as having one or more nutritional risk indicators, referral for nutrition assessment with an RD is needed. Nutrition risk indicators need to be clearly defined to avoid over-identification or under-identification of those at risk. Refer to Table 1-1 for examples of risk indicators and sample criteria. In addition to red flags identified by nutritional risk indicators, parental concerns should be carefully listened to and considered. Nutrition Assessment Once a nutritional risk indicator is identified through screening, a nutrition assessment serves to obtain all information needed to rule out or confirm a nutritionrelated problem. Nutrition assessments should be completed by an RD, preferably with pediatric expertise and/or specialized training for children with special health care needs and developmental disabilities. Nutrition assessment consists of an in-depth and detailed collection and evaluation of data in the following areas: anthropometrics, clinical/medical history, diet, developmental feeding skills, behavior related to feeding, and biochemical laboratory data (2). During the assessment, risk factors identified during nutrition screening are further evaluated and a nutrition diagnosis can be made. The assessment may also reveal areas of concern such as oral-motor development or behavioral issues that 2 Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Section 1 - Determination of Nutrition Status require referral for evaluation by the appropriate therapist or specialist. The nutrition assessment is one of the essential elements of a comprehensive interdisciplinary team evaluation and intervention plan. Table 1-2 provides parameters for completing nutrition assessments and indicators for nutrition intervention. Nutrition Intervention Planning and providing nutrition care and intervention for children with special health care needs is often complex because many factors interact to affect nutritional status. Optimal nutrition care involves consultation and care coordination with professionals from a variety of disciplines. The interdisciplinary team may consist of the child and family, PCP, occupational therapist (OT), physical therapist (PT), speech language pathologist/ therapist (SLP), RD, behavior specialist, social worker, PHN, and home health care providers. Other community agencies such as schools, early intervention programs, hospitals, specialty clinics, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), Head Start, day care, Division of Developmental Disabilities, and Child Protective Services may also be involved. The team approach consists of professionals working in a family-centered partnership to coordinate services and provide continuity of care for the child and family. With input from team members, a specific plan of nutrition intervention is developed. The nutrition intervention step of the Nutrition Care Process should be culturally-sensitive and have a preventive emphasis. Nutrition care goals and objectives (or outcomes) can become a part of the child’s Individual Education Plan (IEP) or Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) (See Chapter 12). Reassessment should occur at regular intervals to monitor the child’s nutrition status, and evaluate the effectiveness of the nutrition intervention. Based on the reassessment, nutrition goals and objectives may be modified to meet the needs of the child and family (5). Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs 3
Page 1: Nutrition Interventions for Childre
Page 4 and 5: Nutrition Interventions for Childre
Page 6 and 7: Kay Kopp, OTR/L Occupational Therap
Page 8 and 9: Appendices Appendix A Sample Screen
Page 10 and 11: Nutrition Interventions for Childre
Page 12 and 13: ii Nutrition Interventions for Chil
Page 14 and 15: Population “Children with special
Page 16 and 17: vi Nutrition Interventions for Chil
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1 - Nutrition Screening and
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss needs,
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Statur
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Techni
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss paraly
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss time a
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss measur
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Mild m
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 9. Re-
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 5. Per
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2 - Anthropometrics Table 2
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Refere
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 26. Kr
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 3 - Physical Activity for C
Page 68 and 69:
Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding recommend
Page 70 and 71:
Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Table 4-1
Page 72 and 73:
Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Assessmen
Page 74 and 75:
Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding 58 Nutrit
Page 76 and 77:
Chapter 5 - Medication-Nutrient Int
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 6 - Nutrition Interventions
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Chapter 8 - Oral-Motor Feeding Prob
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter 9 - Behavior Issues Related
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Other
Page 140 and 141:
Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
Page 142 and 143:
Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
Page 144 and 145:
Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Refere
Page 146 and 147:
Chapter 11 - Community Monitoring o
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Chapter 12 - Accommodating Special
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Chapter 13 - Nutrition Intervention
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Chapter 22 - Ketogenic Diet for Sei
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Appendix A Please list any other nu
Page 294 and 295:
Appendix A Baby formula What kind o
Page 296 and 297:
Appendix B Manufacturer Description
Page 298 and 299:
Appendix C 282 Nutrition Interventi
Page 300 and 301:
Appendix D 284 Nutrition Interventi
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Appendix E 292 Nutrition Interventi
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Appendix E Table 3: Parent-Specific
Page 316 and 317:
Appendix F Percentiles of Upper Arm
Page 318 and 319:
Appendix F 302 Nutrition Interventi
Page 320 and 321:
Appendix G 304 Nutrition Interventi
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Appendix H 312 Nutrition Interventi
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Appendix I 320 Nutrition Interventi
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Appendix J 328 Nutrition Interventi
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Appendix K 336 Nutrition Interventi
Page 354 and 355:
Appendix K 338 Nutrition Interventi
Page 356 and 357:
Appendix L 340 Nutrition Interventi
Page 358 and 359:
Appendix M 342 Nutrition Interventi
Page 360 and 361:
Appendix M 344 Nutrition Interventi
Page 362 and 363:
Appendix N Gastrostomy Tube Feeding
Page 364 and 365:
Appendix N activities. When feeding
Page 366 and 367:
Appendix N Feeding Sets/Extensions
Page 368 and 369:
Appendix N Fluid and Electrolytes W
Page 370 and 371:
Appendix N osmolality of full-stren
Page 372 and 373:
Appendix N Modular Products Modular
Page 374 and 375:
Appendix N his family, and the home
Page 376 and 377:
Appendix N • The feeding tube may
Page 378 and 379:
Appendix N equipment. The Special S
Page 380 and 381:
Appendix N Table N-2: Common Compli
Page 382 and 383:
Appendix N Complication Possible Ca
Page 384 and 385:
Appendix N 368 Nutrition Interventi
Page 386 and 387:
Appendix O Some conditions increase
Page 388 and 389:
Appendix O Table O-3: Recommended P
Page 390 and 391:
Appendix O 374 Nutrition Interventi
Page 392 and 393:
Appendix P Diet Prescription for Me
Page 394 and 395:
Appendix Q Goals Considerations for
Page 396 and 397:
Appendix R Condition Description Nu
Page 398 and 399:
Appendix R Condition Description Nu
Page 400 and 401:
Appendix R References 1. Ekvall SW
Page 402 and 403:
Appendix S Table S-1: Infant Formul
Page 404 and 405:
Appendix S Comments Osmolality (mOs
Page 406 and 407:
Appendix S Table S-2: Pediatric For
Page 408 and 409:
Appendix S Table S-3: Modular Produ
Page 410 and 411:
Appendix S Comments Energy (kcal) P
Page 412 and 413:
Appendix S Contact Information Abbo
Page 414 and 415:
Appendix T Powdered Formulas Accura
Page 416 and 417:
Appendix T Table T-1: Liquid Concen
Page 418 and 419:
Appendix T 402 Nutrition Interventi
Page 420 and 421:
Appendix U Nutrition Strategies for
Page 422 and 423:
Appendix U ADA Pocket Guide to Nutr
Page 424 and 425:
Glossary Autism Spectrum Disorders
Page 426 and 427:
Glossary Early intervention service
Page 428 and 429:
Glossary Length (recumbent length)
Page 430 and 431:
Glossary Stadiometer moveable headb
Page 432 and 433:
Index specialist 98 target 108 Bink
Page 434 and 435:
Index elemental formula 348 elimina
Page 436 and 437:
Index I ICF. See International Clas
Page 438 and 439:
Index risk indicators 4 screening 1
Page 440 and 441:
Index suppositories 72, 77 Surmonti
show all

Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?