Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

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Chapter 21 - Nutrition Interventions for Metabolic Disorders References 1. Valle D, Beaudet A, Vogelstein B, Kinzler K, Antokarakis S, Ballabio A eds. Scriver’s Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, McGraw Hill; 2009. 2. Nyhan WL, Barshop BA, Ozand PT. Atlas of Metabolic Diseases, 2nd edition. Hodder Arnold; 2005. 3. National Newborn Screening & Genetics Resource Center, 2009; http://genes-r-us.uthscsa.edu/. 4. Nutrition Support Protocols, 4 th edition, Ross Laboratories; 2001. 5. Dietary Management of Persons with Metabolic Disorders, Mead Johnson; 2000. 6. Trahms CM, Ogata BN. Medical nutritional therapy for genetic metabolic disorders. In: Mahan LK, EscottStump S, eds. Krause’s Food, Nutrition, and Diet Therapy, 12th ed. Elsevier; 2008. 7. Frazier DM. Medium chain acyl coA dehydrogenase deficiency: Nutrition Guidelines. Genetic Metabolic Dietitians International, 2009; http://www.gmdi.org/Resources/NutritionGuidelines/MCADDGuidelines/ tabid/123/Default.aspx. 8. Rohr F, Van Calcar S. Very long chain acyl coA dehydrogenase deficiency: Nutrition Guidelines. Genetic Metabolic Dietitians International, 2009; http://www.gmdi.org/Resources/NutritionGuidelines/VLCADGuidelines/tabid/124/ Default.aspx. 246 Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Chapter 22 Section 3 - Condition Specific Nutrition Interventions Ketogenic Diet for Seizure Disorders Renee Williams, MEd, RD, CD Updated by Elaine Cumbie, MA, RD, CDE, CD The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is an established, effective nonpharmacologic treatment of many types of epilepsy. It is a high fat, adequate protein, and low carbohydrate diet. Ketosis occurs when the body’s carbohydrate intake is limited and fat from the body or diet becomes the primary energy source for the body. The exact mechanism of the diet’s anticonvulsant and antiepileptic effects is not known. However, it has been proposed that changes in cellular metabolism resulting in increased metabolic enzymes modifies the cell and decreases hyperexcitability, and hence a less epileptiform state. Another speculation is that the antiepileptic effect is exerted via neuroprotection. This may involve protection from free oxygen radicals or prevention of apoptosis (1,2,3,4,5). The beginning of the specific use of the KD dates to 1921 (5,6). The Mayo Clinic’s 1921 article suggested that a high fat diet, adequate in protein and low in carbohydrate could mimic the effects of starvation, thus producing seizure control. The diet fell out of favor in 1938 when phenytoin (Dilantin) was discovered leading to the era of medication treatment for epilepsy (5). Revival of the KD began in the early 1990’s with a Hollywood producer and writer, Jim Abrahams and his son Charlie. Charlie’s seizures were refractory to medications and other treatments. Abrahams read about the KD, and took his son to Johns Hopkins Hospital to start the diet. Charlie’s seizures stopped completely soon after starting the diet. Abrahams created the Charlie Foundation, published a book about the KD, created a Dateline TV program about the KD in 1994, and a made-for-television movie called, “First Do No Harm”. There are four KD approaches being practiced around the country (6). They are 1. Long chain triglyceride diet (classic or traditional KD diet) 2. medium chain triglyceride (MCT) diet 3. Modified Atkins diet 4. Low Glycemic Index Diet. Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs 247
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Kay Kopp, OTR/L Occupational Therap
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Appendices Appendix A Sample Screen
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ii Nutrition Interventions for Chil
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Population “Children with special
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vi Nutrition Interventions for Chil
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Chapter 1 - Nutrition Screening and
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss needs,
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Statur
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Techni
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss paraly
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss time a
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss measur
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Mild m
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 9. Re-
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 5. Per
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometrics Table 2
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Refere
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 26. Kr
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Chapter 3 - Physical Activity for C
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding recommend
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Table 4-1
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Assessmen
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding 58 Nutrit
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Chapter 5 - Medication-Nutrient Int
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Chapter 6 - Nutrition Interventions
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Chapter 8 - Oral-Motor Feeding Prob
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Chapter 9 - Behavior Issues Related
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Other
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Refere
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Chapter 11 - Community Monitoring o
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Chapter 12 - Accommodating Special
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Chapter 13 - Nutrition Intervention
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Page 292 and 293: Appendix A Please list any other nu
Page 294 and 295: Appendix A Baby formula What kind o
Page 296 and 297: Appendix B Manufacturer Description
Page 298 and 299: Appendix C 282 Nutrition Interventi
Page 300 and 301: Appendix D 284 Nutrition Interventi
Page 308 and 309: Appendix E 292 Nutrition Interventi
Page 310 and 311: Appendix E 294 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix E 296 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix E Table 3: Parent-Specific
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Appendix F Percentiles of Upper Arm
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Appendix F 302 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix G 304 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix H 312 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix I 320 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix J 328 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix K 336 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix K 338 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix L 340 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix M 342 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix M 344 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix N Gastrostomy Tube Feeding
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Appendix N activities. When feeding
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Appendix N Feeding Sets/Extensions
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Appendix N Fluid and Electrolytes W
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Appendix N osmolality of full-stren
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Appendix N Modular Products Modular
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Appendix N his family, and the home
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Appendix N • The feeding tube may
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Appendix N equipment. The Special S
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Appendix N Table N-2: Common Compli
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Appendix N Complication Possible Ca
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Appendix N 368 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix O Some conditions increase
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Appendix O Table O-3: Recommended P
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Appendix O 374 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix P Diet Prescription for Me
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Appendix Q Goals Considerations for
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Appendix R Condition Description Nu
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Appendix R Condition Description Nu
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Appendix R References 1. Ekvall SW
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Appendix S Table S-1: Infant Formul
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Appendix S Comments Osmolality (mOs
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Appendix S Table S-2: Pediatric For
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Appendix S Table S-3: Modular Produ
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Appendix S Comments Energy (kcal) P
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Appendix S Contact Information Abbo
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Appendix T Powdered Formulas Accura
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Appendix T Table T-1: Liquid Concen
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Appendix T 402 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix U Nutrition Strategies for
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Appendix U ADA Pocket Guide to Nutr
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Glossary Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Glossary Early intervention service
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Glossary Length (recumbent length)
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Glossary Stadiometer moveable headb
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Index specialist 98 target 108 Bink
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Index elemental formula 348 elimina
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Index I ICF. See International Clas
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Index risk indicators 4 screening 1
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Index suppositories 72, 77 Surmonti
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Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

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