Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

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Chapter 22 - Ketogenic Diet for Seizure Disorders 262 Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Chapter 23 Section 3 - Condition Specific Nutrition Interventions Nutrition Interventions for autism Spectrum Disorders Betty Lucas, MPH, RD, CD Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is the broad category of developmental disorders with primary impairment in social development. The ASD spectrum includes: Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), Rett’s Disorder, and Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (1). The prevalence of ASD is about 1 in 91 children (based on a 2007 parent survey), which is higher than in the past (2). It occurs more in males than females, approximately 75 percent have some cognitive delay (children with Asperger’s have normal IQs), and about 30 percent eventually have seizure disorders. Although the specific etiology of ASD is not known, about 10-15 percent may be related to genetic disorders. Future research will yield more information on the causes of ASD. Although children with ASD reflect a wide range of behaviors and severity, ASD is identified by behavioral features in three categories: • Impaired social interactions • Impaired verbal and nonverbal communication • Restricted and/or repetitive behaviors Common behaviors in children with ASD include: difficulty with transitions, impaired communication skills, social interaction difficulties, easily overwhelmed or overstimulated, short attention span, limited range of interests, and need for routine. Since there are no biological markers for autism, diagnosis is made by behavioral assessment. Red flags identified by screening children under 3 years of age include problems with eye contact, joint attention, nonverbal communication, pretend play, paying attention to one’s name, and language development, as well as regression in skills. If screening is positive, a comprehensive evaluation is indicated, including medical, cognitive, and communication assessments. With diagnosis of ASD, referral should be made for early intervention services, special education, and related therapies, such as speech/language therapy, occupational therapy, and behavior management (3). Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs 263
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Nutrition Interventions for Childre
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Kay Kopp, OTR/L Occupational Therap
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Appendices Appendix A Sample Screen
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ii Nutrition Interventions for Chil
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Population “Children with special
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vi Nutrition Interventions for Chil
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Chapter 1 - Nutrition Screening and
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss needs,
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Statur
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Techni
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss paraly
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss time a
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss measur
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Mild m
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 9. Re-
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 5. Per
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometrics Table 2
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Refere
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 26. Kr
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Chapter 3 - Physical Activity for C
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding recommend
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Table 4-1
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Assessmen
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding 58 Nutrit
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Chapter 5 - Medication-Nutrient Int
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Chapter 6 - Nutrition Interventions
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Chapter 8 - Oral-Motor Feeding Prob
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Chapter 9 - Behavior Issues Related
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Other
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Refere
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Chapter 11 - Community Monitoring o
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Chapter 12 - Accommodating Special
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Chapter 13 - Nutrition Intervention
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Page 228 and 229: Chapter 18 - Nutrition Intervention
Page 264 and 265: Chapter 22 - Ketogenic Diet for Sei
Page 292 and 293: Appendix A Please list any other nu
Page 294 and 295: Appendix A Baby formula What kind o
Page 296 and 297: Appendix B Manufacturer Description
Page 298 and 299: Appendix C 282 Nutrition Interventi
Page 300 and 301: Appendix D 284 Nutrition Interventi
Page 308 and 309: Appendix E 292 Nutrition Interventi
Page 314 and 315: Appendix E Table 3: Parent-Specific
Page 316 and 317: Appendix F Percentiles of Upper Arm
Page 318 and 319: Appendix F 302 Nutrition Interventi
Page 320 and 321: Appendix G 304 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix H 312 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix I 320 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix J 328 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix K 336 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix K 338 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix L 340 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix M 342 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix M 344 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix N Gastrostomy Tube Feeding
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Appendix N activities. When feeding
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Appendix N Feeding Sets/Extensions
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Appendix N Fluid and Electrolytes W
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Appendix N osmolality of full-stren
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Appendix N Modular Products Modular
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Appendix N his family, and the home
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Appendix N • The feeding tube may
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Appendix N equipment. The Special S
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Appendix N Table N-2: Common Compli
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Appendix N Complication Possible Ca
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Appendix N 368 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix O Some conditions increase
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Appendix O Table O-3: Recommended P
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Appendix O 374 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix P Diet Prescription for Me
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Appendix Q Goals Considerations for
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Appendix R Condition Description Nu
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Appendix R Condition Description Nu
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Appendix R References 1. Ekvall SW
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Appendix S Table S-1: Infant Formul
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Appendix S Comments Osmolality (mOs
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Appendix S Table S-2: Pediatric For
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Appendix S Table S-3: Modular Produ
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Appendix S Comments Energy (kcal) P
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Appendix S Contact Information Abbo
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Appendix T Powdered Formulas Accura
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Appendix T Table T-1: Liquid Concen
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Appendix T 402 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix U Nutrition Strategies for
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Appendix U ADA Pocket Guide to Nutr
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Glossary Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Glossary Early intervention service
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Glossary Length (recumbent length)
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Glossary Stadiometer moveable headb
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Index specialist 98 target 108 Bink
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Index elemental formula 348 elimina
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Index I ICF. See International Clas
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Index risk indicators 4 screening 1
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Index suppositories 72, 77 Surmonti
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