Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

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Appendix R Condition Description Nutritional Implications/Problems Chromosomal Oral-motor problems, growth problems, weight gain, dental abnormalities, constipation, hypothyroid, hypotonia, macroglossia Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) 1,2 Extra chromosome 21, mental retardation, short stature, potential cardiac defects Oral-motor problems, growth problems, seizures, urinary tract infections Trisomy 182 Extra chromosome 18, severe mental retardation, survival limited Initial feeding and growth problems, then obesity, abnormal food-related behaviors Prader-Willi syndrome1,2 Maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) or partial deletion of chromosome 15 (paternal), mental retardation, short stature Growth problems, abnormal food-related behaviors Angelman syndrome2,3 Paternal uniparental disomy (UPD) or partial deletion of chromosome 15 (maternal), mental retardation, hyperactivity, unprovoked laughter Short limbed bone dysplasia, short stature Oral-motor problems, weight gain Chondrodysplasias, e.g., achondroplasia2,3 Constipation, weight gain Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy3 Partial deletion of locus on X chromosome, progressive hereditary disorder of muscle Cranio-facial abnormalities, e.g., cleft lip and/or palate2,3 (can also be part of syndromes) 380 Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs Abnormality of lip and palate closure Oral-motor problems, growth problems Possible oral-motor problems, obesity, dental abnormalities, adult onset diabetes common Klinefelter syndrome2,4 Male, extra X chromosome, relatively long extremities, infertility Growth problems, possible oral-motor problems Marfan syndrome2,3 On chromosome 15, disorder of connective tissue (fibrillin), tall, detached retina, cardiac disease Growth problems, oral-motor problems Lowe syndrome3 Ocular, CNS, amino acid transport defects, renal tubular disease, hypotonia, mental retardation Potential for gaining excess weight Turner syndrome4 Females, only 1 X chromosome, short stature, infertility Hypercalcemia, early vomiting, growth problems, oral-motor problems, abnormal tooth development Williams syndrome3 Partial deletion of chromosome 7, mental retardation, hyperactivity, cardiac defects
Condition Description Nutritional Implications/Problems Possible oral-motor problems, reflux Fragile X syndrome3 Fragile site on X chromosome, males, mental retardation, hypotonia, hyperactivity common Growth problems, oral-motor problems de Lange syndrome3 Etiology unknown, prenatal poor growth, cardiac defects, severe mental retardation, short stature, dysmorphic features Neurodevelopmental Growth problems, oral-motor problems, medicationnutrient interactions seizure disorder, constipation Cerebral palsy1 Chronic, nonprogressive central nervous system dysfunction leading to problems with tone and posture Constipation, urinary tract infections, excessive weight gain, medication-nutrient interactions Neural tube defect, immobility, frequently associated with hydrocephaly Neural tube defects, e.g., myelomeningocele1 Spinal muscular dystrophy 1 Progressive hereditary disorder of muscle Initial growth problems, then obesity, oral-motor problems Seizure disorders 1 Neurological disorders, e.g., epilepsy Medication-nutrient interactions Abnormal food-related behaviors, possible nutrient deficiencies Autism and autism spectrum disorders3 Abnormal social and communication patterns, stereotypic behaviors Oral-motor problems, growth problems, air swallowing Rett syndrome3 Progressive neurological deterioration in females after normal early infancy, seizures, microcephaly Appendix R Nutrition Interventions for Children With Special Health Care Needs 381 Metabolic Growth problems, possible cholesterol supplement, oralmotor problems Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome3 Abnormality in cholesterol metabolism, multiple dysmorphic features, short stature, abnormal facies, psychomotor retardation, genital abnormalities in males Need to restrict phenylalanine, supplement tyrosine Phenylketonuria (PKU) 3 Deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase causes↑ phenylalanine and leads to mental retardation Defect in organic acid metabolic pathways, acidosis Poor growth, restrict protein and substrate, supplement product of enzymatic reaction, L-carnitine, bicitra, compounds to enhance waste ammonia excretion, possibly biotin, vitamin B6 Organic acidemias, e.g., methylmalonic acidemia, propionic acidemia3 Growth problems, restrict protein, supplement L-carnitine, L-citrulline, or L-arginine (except argininemia), and prescribe compounds to enhance waste ammonia excretion Abnormality in urea cycle enzymes,↑ NH 3 Urea cycle disorders, e.g., ornithine transcarbamylase, carbamyl-phosphate synthetase deficiency, argininosuccinic aciduria3 Abnormal fructose metabolism, nausea, vomiting, seizures Restrict/eliminate sucrose, fructose, possible growth problems Hereditary fructose intolerance, fructose- 1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency3
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Nutrition Interventions for Childre
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Kay Kopp, OTR/L Occupational Therap
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Appendices Appendix A Sample Screen
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ii Nutrition Interventions for Chil
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Population “Children with special
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vi Nutrition Interventions for Chil
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Chapter 1 - Nutrition Screening and
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss needs,
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Statur
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Techni
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss paraly
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss time a
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss measur
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Mild m
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 9. Re-
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 5. Per
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometrics Table 2
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss Refere
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Chapter 2 - Anthropometricss 26. Kr
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Chapter 3 - Physical Activity for C
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding recommend
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Table 4-1
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding Assessmen
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Chapter 4 - Breastfeeding 58 Nutrit
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Chapter 5 - Medication-Nutrient Int
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Chapter 6 - Nutrition Interventions
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Chapter 8 - Oral-Motor Feeding Prob
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Chapter 9 - Behavior Issues Related
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Other
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Table
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Chapter 10 - Enteral Feeding Refere
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Chapter 11 - Community Monitoring o
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Chapter 12 - Accommodating Special
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Chapter 13 - Nutrition Intervention
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Chapter 22 - Ketogenic Diet for Sei
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Appendix A Please list any other nu
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Appendix A Baby formula What kind o
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Appendix B Manufacturer Description
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Appendix C 282 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix D 284 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix E 292 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix E Table 3: Parent-Specific
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Appendix F Percentiles of Upper Arm
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Appendix F 302 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix G 304 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix H 312 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix I 320 Nutrition Interventi
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Appendix J 328 Nutrition Interventi
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Page 352 and 353: Appendix K 336 Nutrition Interventi
Page 354 and 355: Appendix K 338 Nutrition Interventi
Page 356 and 357: Appendix L 340 Nutrition Interventi
Page 358 and 359: Appendix M 342 Nutrition Interventi
Page 360 and 361: Appendix M 344 Nutrition Interventi
Page 362 and 363: Appendix N Gastrostomy Tube Feeding
Page 364 and 365: Appendix N activities. When feeding
Page 366 and 367: Appendix N Feeding Sets/Extensions
Page 368 and 369: Appendix N Fluid and Electrolytes W
Page 370 and 371: Appendix N osmolality of full-stren
Page 372 and 373: Appendix N Modular Products Modular
Page 374 and 375: Appendix N his family, and the home
Page 376 and 377: Appendix N • The feeding tube may
Page 378 and 379: Appendix N equipment. The Special S
Page 380 and 381: Appendix N Table N-2: Common Compli
Page 382 and 383: Appendix N Complication Possible Ca
Page 384 and 385: Appendix N 368 Nutrition Interventi
Page 386 and 387: Appendix O Some conditions increase
Page 388 and 389: Appendix O Table O-3: Recommended P
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Page 392 and 393: Appendix P Diet Prescription for Me
Page 394 and 395: Appendix Q Goals Considerations for
Page 398 and 399: Appendix R Condition Description Nu
Page 400 and 401: Appendix R References 1. Ekvall SW
Page 402 and 403: Appendix S Table S-1: Infant Formul
Page 404 and 405: Appendix S Comments Osmolality (mOs
Page 406 and 407: Appendix S Table S-2: Pediatric For
Page 408 and 409: Appendix S Table S-3: Modular Produ
Page 410 and 411: Appendix S Comments Energy (kcal) P
Page 412 and 413: Appendix S Contact Information Abbo
Page 414 and 415: Appendix T Powdered Formulas Accura
Page 416 and 417: Appendix T Table T-1: Liquid Concen
Page 418 and 419: Appendix T 402 Nutrition Interventi
Page 420 and 421: Appendix U Nutrition Strategies for
Page 422 and 423: Appendix U ADA Pocket Guide to Nutr
Page 424 and 425: Glossary Autism Spectrum Disorders
Page 426 and 427: Glossary Early intervention service
Page 428 and 429: Glossary Length (recumbent length)
Page 430 and 431: Glossary Stadiometer moveable headb
Page 432 and 433: Index specialist 98 target 108 Bink
Page 434 and 435: Index elemental formula 348 elimina
Page 436 and 437: Index I ICF. See International Clas
Page 438 and 439: Index risk indicators 4 screening 1
Page 440 and 441: Index suppositories 72, 77 Surmonti
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Nutrition Interventions for Children with Special Health Care Needs

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