CHINA ARQUEOLOGIA golden-age-chinese-archayeolog

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152Painted stone standing Buddha97 (38'A)Northern Qi Dynasty, mid-sixth century CE(c- 550 -557)From Longxingsi, Qingzhou, Shandong ProvinceQingzhou Municipal Museum, Shandong ProvinceUnearthed on 17 November 1987 at a site approximately100 meters east of the Qingzhou MunicipalMuseum, this limestone sculpture, carved in theround, depicts a gently smiling Buddha with a slenderframe and delicate features standing on a lotuspod. The Jiaqing Qingzhou Prefecture Gazeteer (1522 -1566) identifies the find-site as the Northern Weiperiod Nanyang Monastery, renamed the LongxingMonastery during the Tang dynasty. 1The figure's hair, sculpted in crisp curls resemblingrows of snail shells, culminates in a conical445 | BUDDHIST SCULPTURE FROM QINCZHOU
usnisa—the seat of his transcendent knowledge.Like the Buddha figure in cat. 151, his hands areheld in the have-no-fear and gift-giving mudras.Clothed in a dhoti covered by a round-collaredkasaya robe, the figure's body is suggested his clingingrobes (rather than by lineation or carved detail)a representational technique typical of the NorthernQi style.The skin of the face and visible parts of thehands and feet are gilded, while the usnisa, theround collar, and the edge of the kasaya are paintedsapphire blue; the lower hem of the dhoti is ochre.The latticelike pattern on the kasaya is a mineralgreen, and the fields within the latticework arepainted vermilion. Threads of inlaid gold, 0.5 millimeterwide, form a border for the latticework, witha reticulated pattern of inlaid gold triangles andrhomboid shapes within those borders. The work'sexecution reflects remarkable skill, made all themore impressive by the remarkable preservation ofthe paint. XM/ADiThe discovery of this piece and cat. 153 is reported in Xia1997. The lotus-shaped base of the statue is not original.446 | EARLY IMPERIAL CHINA
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THE GOLDEN ACE OFChinese Archaeolog
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The exhibition is sponsored by East
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CHU AND OTHER CULTURESC. 770- 221 B
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THE WHITE HOUSEWASHINGTONJune 24,19
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China offers this important exhibit
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from several continents, whose illu
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AcknowledgmentsFive years ago, when
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Archaeological Sites
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BRONZE AGE CHINACHU ANDOTHERCULTURE
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CHINESE HISTORICAL PERIODS AND DYNA
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since Shen Nong, or Yan Di —the f
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(American, 1870-1946), chief palaeo
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Hardstone owl; height 34.1(i3 3 /s)
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Soon after, two young Chinese schol
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prise with steady, though modest, f
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archaeologists were scarce and supe
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Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). 71
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Bronze spirit tree; height384 (151
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bution, chronology, and behavior; t
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1 The jin shi xue was formally esta
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CATALOGUE
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The Foundation of Chinese Civilizat
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exhibit similarities to those of th
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the first Banpo phase, nearly all o
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kind of graphic notation. These mar
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of triangles pointing outward. The
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3Painted pottery ping flaskHeight 3
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4Painted pottery hu jarHeight 20.8
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65 I YANCSHAO CULTURE: BANPO
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1 Excavated in 1978; published: Lin
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Painted pottery pen basin;height 12
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of the relationships between Majiay
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ing one another and holding between
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7Painted pottery ping containerHeig
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9Painted pottery guan jarHeight 21.
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Aerial view of the femalespirit tem
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of the eponymous female spirit —
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FIG. i. Jade coiled dragon;height 2
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n1 Two-thirds of the mound had been
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13impressive of the Niuheliang tomb
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89 I HONCSHAN CULTURE
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i6i6Jade owlWidth 3.8 (iV 2 )Hongsh
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i8i8Cloudlike jade plaqueHeight 12.
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20FIG. 2. Triple-bi'-shapedjade pen
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vey the impression that she is talk
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THE DAWENKOUAND SHANDONGLONCSHANCUL
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alligator scutes (probably the rema
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groups, each with distinct customs.
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FIG. i. Jade blade incisedwith gogg
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Painted pottery pen basin;height 20
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25Painted pottery pan basinHeight 8
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26a26Two painted pottery hu vessels
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2/a27Two painted pottery pen basins
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28Jade and bone hair ornament inlai
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THE LIANCZHU The Liangzhu culture i
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Of all Liangzhu achievements, jade
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2 9Jade congHeight 10 (3 7s), exter
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the motif by elevating it into reli
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FIG. i. Reconstruction ofthe axe an
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A pair of clawed feet, also represe
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by two winglike shapes covered with
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35Jade zhuo braceletHeight 2.6 (i),
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Cat. 35, incised and carveddecorati
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rated surfaces, spherical beads —
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The Epic of the Three DynastiesBRON
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Yangzi River (cats. 65-75) and Daya
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Conjectural reconstructionof one of
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37interiorouter mold sections would
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FIG. i. Cat 38: inlayand cross sect
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40perforation, the same four segmen
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FIG. i. Plan of Tomb 612 atDadianzi
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the early Shang bronzes did not ari
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42Painted pottery lei jarHeight 30
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43Painted pottery hu jarHeight 40.5
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159 I TOMBS OF THE LOWER XIAJIADIAN
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45Pottery jiao vesselHeight 18 (7 V
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Conjectural reconstructionof the ed
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ing a dedicatory inscription to ano
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Cat 67 from above andside: decorati
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4»Bronze owl-shaped zun vesselHeig
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Cat. 49 from above andside. After Z
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1/3 | TOMB 5 AT XIAOTUN
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51Bronze jue vesselHeight 37.3 (i4
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for binding the axe to the shaft; t
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179 I TOMB 5 AT XIAOTUN
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54a. Jade craneLength 12 (4 3 / 4 )
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Bovid scapulas excavated in1971 fro
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56ancestral sacrifices, so that the
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THE TOMB ATDAYANGZHOU,XIN'GAN,JIANG
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57Bronze two-sided maskHeight 53 (2
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58Bronze tigerHeight 25.5 (10), wid
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59Bronze fangding vesselHeight 97 (
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6oBronze ding tripodHeight 62.4 (24
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6iBronze yan steamerHeight 105 (41
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2OOBRONZE ACE CHINA
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63Bronze helmetHeight 18.7 (/Vs), w
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64Bronze bo bellHeight 33 (13), wei
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SACRIFICIAL PITSAT SANXINGDUI,GUANG
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65Bronze standing figureHeight 262
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6666sideBronze human head with gold
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67213 I SACRIFICIAL PITS AT SANXINC
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68215 I SACRIFICIAL PITS AT SANXINC
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6969sideBronze mask with hooked-clo
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masks, some of which are pieced at
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7iBronze figure with headdressHeigh
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73by strong modeling; the surface i
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74Bronze lei vesselHeight 54 (21 y
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227 I SACRIFICIAL PITS AT SANXINGDU
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FIG. i. Remains of chariotsin the s
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76Bronze ding tripod with five hand
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Zhou bronzes, the motif is delibera
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single head — or, alternatively,
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(c. 1045 BCE) and was rewarded with
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79these two neighboring families; o
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8oFeng bronze zun vesselHeight 16.8
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Reverent and illustrious was the St
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245 I BRONZES FROM ZHUANCBAI
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six animals climb its sides, and tw
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body of the dead and his or her pos
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85Jade pel pectoralLength c. 50 (19
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86Jade pel pectoralLength c. 150 (5
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256 I BRONZE ACE CHINA
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88Hare-shaped bronze zun vesselHeig
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8 9Bronze he vesselHe vessels of th
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90Cylindrical bronze vessel with pe
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CHU AND OTHER CULTURES
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Cat. 95, detailcates the pervasiven
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CHU TOMBS ATXIASI, XICHUAN,HENAN PR
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9iChime of twenty-six bronze zhong
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ful and am at ease and composed. I
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cat. 105), numerous lacquered wood
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92Bronze huoding tripod, pair of li
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28O I CHU AND OTHER CULTURES
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94Bronze dou vessel inlaid with tur
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284 I CHU AND OTHER CULTURES
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generally believed to have been one
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traditionally associated with the h
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97without lidFIG. i. Profile and cr
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98Bronze filterHeight 88.5 (34 3 /
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scribed with the name of King Yichu
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to hold the wings, and a crown of d
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1O1Bronze drum standHeight 54 (2i l
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1O2Bronze triple ji halberdLength (
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104Two bronze mat weightsHeight 8.0
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than hammered from sheets, the conv
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in common use in the central plains
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advances in joinery techniques, gav
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complement on the left is portrayed
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FIG. i. Cat. 108: profile;lid and h
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315 I CHU LACQUERS FROM HUBEI
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and secured within the wooden frame
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mbunusual arrangement executed with
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FIG. i. Brocade bandssecuring the w
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1123detail112a. Embroidered luo gau
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FIG. i. Weave structureof four cros
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FIG. 2. Drawing of woodfigure cloth
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TOMB 2 ATBAOSHAN,JINGMEN,HUBEI PROV
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ii3Painted lacquer coffinHeight 45
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behind the bird-over-dragon scheme
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ii4Lacquer cabinet and vesselsHeigh
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FIG. i. Bronze zun inlaidwith lacqu
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BRONZE EJUN Ql)IE TALLY FROMQIUJIAH
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FIG. i. Five joined talliesin cross
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command the Jiyin [?] official Dao
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FIG. 1. Painted lacquerbird with an
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119Ten bamboo slipsLength 64-71 (25
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Pan Cheng employed several turtle a
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FIG. i. Conjectural reconstructiono
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12OTwo bronze three-pronged objects
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121Bronze winged mythical animal in
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122Bronze mythical animal inlaid wi
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The Grandeur of EmpiresEARLY IMPERI
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of the First Emperor's army (cats.
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forces symbolically defending the i
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some precise metaphysical idea but
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Cross section of one ofthe pits, sh
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vidual physiognomies is not merely
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The figure exemplifies the key styl
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thigh, holds the arm of the crossbo
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status during the Western Zhou peri
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Excavation photograph ofPit i, with
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Excavation photograph ofDou Wans ja
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11 R12FIG. i. Schematic drawingof t
Page 394 and 395: 130earlier face coverings. Liu Shen
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Page 402 and 403: The pregnant female figure, however
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Page 408 and 409: FIG. i. Cat. 136 from above.After Z
Page 411 and 412: THE TOMB OFTHE KING OFNANYUE ATXIAN
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Page 417 and 418: stronger state to the north. His ja
Page 419 and 420: 141Jade pei ornament with dragonand
Page 421 and 422: 142Jade monster mask with bi diskHe
Page 423 and 424: H3Jade belt hookHeight 6.2 (2 ! / 2
Page 425 and 426: The second ring is also an unusual
Page 427 and 428: 146Jade dancing figureHeight 3.5 (i
Page 429 and 430: H7Jade boxHeight 7.7 (3'A), diam. 9
Page 431 and 432: 148Jade beaker with bronze basin st
Page 433 and 434: 149Bronze mounted jade cupHeight 14
Page 435 and 436: 1503150Three gilt bronze fittings f
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Page 439 and 440: BUDDHISTSCULPTURE FROMMONASTERYSITE
Page 442 and 443: i5iPainted stone standing Buddhawit
Page 444: first using a white base, then fles
Page 450 and 451: terminating in an elegant pattern,
Page 452 and 453: their bronze vessels, abandoned Cha
Page 454 and 455: 155Parcel-gilt silver pan dish with
Page 456 and 457: cal examples of Tang decorative tre
Page 458 and 459: tongue the other; four rectangular
Page 460 and 461: stone survives on one of the ducks
Page 462 and 463: tions. Empress Wu Zetian entertaine
Page 464 and 465: The Famen Monasterypagoda prior to
Page 466 and 467: i6oParcel-gilt silver khakkhara (mo
Page 468 and 469: 467 I FAMEN MONASTERY AT FUFENC
Page 470 and 471: pies, such as the Famen Monastery's
Page 472 and 473: just 11.8 by 8.4 centimeters — co
Page 474 and 475: generally bowl-shaped, with a cover
Page 476 and 477: 164Parcel-gilt silver casket with t
Page 478 and 479: Like the scenes on the side, these
Page 480 and 481: links the cover to the handle. Side
Page 482 and 483: The principle of its construction,
Page 484 and 485: circles of spur marks, fourteen in
Page 486 and 487: at Dunhuang (Gansu province), a key
Page 488 and 489: 487 I FAMEN MONASTERY AT FUFENC
Page 490 and 491: The great cosmopolitan city of Xi'a
Page 492 and 493: tend to be somewhat less freely scu
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1/1A group of five painted pottery
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1/2A group of twelve painted potter
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173A group of six painted pottery f
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over the intervening decades the el
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South wall and ceiling ofthe antero
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J/4Painted marble relief of attenda
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V4175Painted marble relief of music
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the better-known developments in th
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AfterwordSU BAI | Most of the treas
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New Understandings of Chinese Prehi
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the relationship and chronology of
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Objects in this exhibition from the
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remains an issue, most scholars hav
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Cat. 68, detailjects and the writte
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culture at Yinxu and thus the late
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tionship between the Shang and the
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ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE DISTANT REGIONST
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Issues Concerning the Formation, De
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of the Shang. 7 The Shi ji (Records
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state, although they were regarded
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The Chu absorbed elements of other
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Several other discoveries testify t
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1 Karlbeck 1926.2 ¥019853,262-269.
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acter, ao ("concave" or "sunken"),
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Yuan (the Emperor Gaozu of the Tang
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the tunnel outside the stone door o
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ConcordanceCHINESE TEXTSBai Qi zhua
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MiaodigouMiaopingMinheMogaokuMopan
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Empress TaimuEmpress WuEpang (Afang
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wuren dongwu wenWushier bingfangYao
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BibliographyAllan 1991. Allan, Sara
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Zhou Studies, A Review Article,"Ear
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Zhongguo lishixue nianjian (1979)(1
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Liang and Gao 1968. Liang Siyongand
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Reischauer 1955. Reischauer, EdwinO
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Pierre, and C.C. Young. "On theMamm
Page 577 and 578:
Xia and Wang 1986. Xia Nai andWang
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shisi niandai shujuji 1965 - 1991.B
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IndexNote: Catalogue numbers are in
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Jian-fou cooler and ladle, [97] 290
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Yaoshan, Yuhang, Zhejiangprovince,
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