CHINA ARQUEOLOGIA golden-age-chinese-archayeolog

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mi se porcelains and the gold and silver objects made in Wensi and western Zhejiang whichrepresent the highest skill of Tang metallurgists. The crypt contained a dazzling variety oftextiles, including ling, luo, sha, juan, jin, xiu, many of them embroidered with gold in a varietyof techniques.While they undeniably constitute artistic treasures of the highest order, the artifacts fromthe Famen Monastery pagoda crypt are also invaluable materials for the study of Buddhism.Many artifacts from the palace reflect elements of Esoteric Buddhism: the Five Buddhas representedon the reliquary, the Diamond World mandala; the mojie vajras; the rajas on the throneof the bodhisattva image; and the six-armed Avalokitesvara image on the gold case of the reliquary.These elements reflect the popularity of Esoteric Buddhism among the upper class followingthe persecution of Buddhism during the Huichang era. 12 The treasures from the FamenMonastery are also valuable testimony to cultural interactions between China and foreigncountries. The eighteen Islamic glass dishes from the crypt, whose dates are established by thestele inscriptions, may well require us to reexamine the dating of Islamic glass objects in museumsthroughout the world.1 Yuan 1988, nos. 5 and 6.2 Shaanxi 1988)3.3 Qinyong 19784 Qinyong 1979.5 Zhongguo igSob.6 Guangzhou 1991.7 Xi'an 1997.8 Hebei 1998.9 "Wang Chucun zhuan" Jiu Tangshu juan 182.10 Shandong 1998.11 Shaanxi 19883.12 Su Bai 1988.555 | HAN AND TANG DYNASTIES
ConcordanceCHINESE TEXTSBai Qi zhuanBieluChi yueChu ciChu shi jiaChun qiu shi yuChuxue wenkuDi guanDi li zhi shangDi xing xunFei gong shangGua di zhiGuan ziGuo ting luGuo yuHan jiu yi bu yiHan shuHuai nan ziHuang di si jingJi jieJiugeLao ziLi jiLi saoLu shi chun qiuMo ziQin ben jiQiu guanShan hai jingShang shuShang songShi jiShi ji zheng yiShi jingShui jing zhuShuo wen jie ziTai yi sheng shuiTang shuWei shuXiciXia ben jiXiang YinXin Tang shuYijingYiliYi wen zhiYin ben jiYou guanYou guan tuYue jue shuZhang jieZhangluZhanguo zong heng jia shuZhao hunZheng yuZhou ben jiZhou liZhou li Zheng zhuZhou yiZhuang ziZi zhi tong jianZuo zhuanGEOGRAPHICAL NAMESAnhui Province (AnhuiSheng)AnjuAnluAnyangAohanqiBaBa River (Ba He)BainiBanpoBanshanBaodingBaojiBaoshanBaoshanBeijing (Peking)BeilingBeishoulingBeixinBeizhaoBinxianBoBojiataiBoyu Mountains (Boyushan)Cai (state)CaiyuanziCaojiagangChang'anChangfengChangshaChangtaiguanChangzhiChen (state)ChengbeixiChengduChengjiacunChezhangcunChifengChongyangChuChunhuaCishanDadianziDadiwanDahecunDaliDaling River (Dalinghe)Dan River (Dan Shui)DangtuDangyangDanjiang Reservoir (DanjiangShuiku)DantuDanyangDanyangjunDatongDawenkouDaxiDaxingDayangzhouDazhucunDazhujiaDazuDengxianDianchiDing PrefectureDingcunDongjiacunDongjialinDongshanzuiDongxiangDongyangDunhuangEmaokouErligangErlitouEzhouFangshanFanshanFen RiverFengFeng River (Feng He)FengchuFengxiFenshuiling556
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THE GOLDEN ACE OFChinese Archaeolog
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The exhibition is sponsored by East
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CHU AND OTHER CULTURESC. 770- 221 B
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THE WHITE HOUSEWASHINGTONJune 24,19
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China offers this important exhibit
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from several continents, whose illu
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AcknowledgmentsFive years ago, when
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Archaeological Sites
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BRONZE AGE CHINACHU ANDOTHERCULTURE
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CHINESE HISTORICAL PERIODS AND DYNA
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since Shen Nong, or Yan Di —the f
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(American, 1870-1946), chief palaeo
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Hardstone owl; height 34.1(i3 3 /s)
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Soon after, two young Chinese schol
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prise with steady, though modest, f
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archaeologists were scarce and supe
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Cultural Revolution (1966-1976). 71
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Bronze spirit tree; height384 (151
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bution, chronology, and behavior; t
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1 The jin shi xue was formally esta
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CATALOGUE
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The Foundation of Chinese Civilizat
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exhibit similarities to those of th
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the first Banpo phase, nearly all o
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kind of graphic notation. These mar
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of triangles pointing outward. The
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3Painted pottery ping flaskHeight 3
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4Painted pottery hu jarHeight 20.8
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65 I YANCSHAO CULTURE: BANPO
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1 Excavated in 1978; published: Lin
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Painted pottery pen basin;height 12
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of the relationships between Majiay
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ing one another and holding between
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7Painted pottery ping containerHeig
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9Painted pottery guan jarHeight 21.
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Aerial view of the femalespirit tem
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of the eponymous female spirit —
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FIG. i. Jade coiled dragon;height 2
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n1 Two-thirds of the mound had been
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13impressive of the Niuheliang tomb
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89 I HONCSHAN CULTURE
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i6i6Jade owlWidth 3.8 (iV 2 )Hongsh
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i8i8Cloudlike jade plaqueHeight 12.
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20FIG. 2. Triple-bi'-shapedjade pen
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vey the impression that she is talk
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THE DAWENKOUAND SHANDONGLONCSHANCUL
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alligator scutes (probably the rema
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groups, each with distinct customs.
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FIG. i. Jade blade incisedwith gogg
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Painted pottery pen basin;height 20
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25Painted pottery pan basinHeight 8
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26a26Two painted pottery hu vessels
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2/a27Two painted pottery pen basins
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28Jade and bone hair ornament inlai
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THE LIANCZHU The Liangzhu culture i
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Of all Liangzhu achievements, jade
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2 9Jade congHeight 10 (3 7s), exter
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the motif by elevating it into reli
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FIG. i. Reconstruction ofthe axe an
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A pair of clawed feet, also represe
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by two winglike shapes covered with
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35Jade zhuo braceletHeight 2.6 (i),
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Cat. 35, incised and carveddecorati
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rated surfaces, spherical beads —
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The Epic of the Three DynastiesBRON
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Yangzi River (cats. 65-75) and Daya
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Conjectural reconstructionof one of
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37interiorouter mold sections would
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FIG. i. Cat 38: inlayand cross sect
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40perforation, the same four segmen
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FIG. i. Plan of Tomb 612 atDadianzi
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the early Shang bronzes did not ari
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42Painted pottery lei jarHeight 30
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43Painted pottery hu jarHeight 40.5
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159 I TOMBS OF THE LOWER XIAJIADIAN
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45Pottery jiao vesselHeight 18 (7 V
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Conjectural reconstructionof the ed
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ing a dedicatory inscription to ano
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Cat 67 from above andside: decorati
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4»Bronze owl-shaped zun vesselHeig
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Cat. 49 from above andside. After Z
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1/3 | TOMB 5 AT XIAOTUN
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51Bronze jue vesselHeight 37.3 (i4
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for binding the axe to the shaft; t
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179 I TOMB 5 AT XIAOTUN
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54a. Jade craneLength 12 (4 3 / 4 )
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Bovid scapulas excavated in1971 fro
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56ancestral sacrifices, so that the
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THE TOMB ATDAYANGZHOU,XIN'GAN,JIANG
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57Bronze two-sided maskHeight 53 (2
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58Bronze tigerHeight 25.5 (10), wid
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59Bronze fangding vesselHeight 97 (
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6oBronze ding tripodHeight 62.4 (24
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6iBronze yan steamerHeight 105 (41
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2OOBRONZE ACE CHINA
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63Bronze helmetHeight 18.7 (/Vs), w
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64Bronze bo bellHeight 33 (13), wei
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SACRIFICIAL PITSAT SANXINGDUI,GUANG
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65Bronze standing figureHeight 262
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6666sideBronze human head with gold
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67213 I SACRIFICIAL PITS AT SANXINC
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68215 I SACRIFICIAL PITS AT SANXINC
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6969sideBronze mask with hooked-clo
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masks, some of which are pieced at
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7iBronze figure with headdressHeigh
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73by strong modeling; the surface i
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74Bronze lei vesselHeight 54 (21 y
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227 I SACRIFICIAL PITS AT SANXINGDU
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FIG. i. Remains of chariotsin the s
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76Bronze ding tripod with five hand
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Zhou bronzes, the motif is delibera
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single head — or, alternatively,
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(c. 1045 BCE) and was rewarded with
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79these two neighboring families; o
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8oFeng bronze zun vesselHeight 16.8
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Reverent and illustrious was the St
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245 I BRONZES FROM ZHUANCBAI
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six animals climb its sides, and tw
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body of the dead and his or her pos
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85Jade pel pectoralLength c. 50 (19
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86Jade pel pectoralLength c. 150 (5
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256 I BRONZE ACE CHINA
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88Hare-shaped bronze zun vesselHeig
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8 9Bronze he vesselHe vessels of th
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90Cylindrical bronze vessel with pe
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CHU AND OTHER CULTURES
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Cat. 95, detailcates the pervasiven
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CHU TOMBS ATXIASI, XICHUAN,HENAN PR
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9iChime of twenty-six bronze zhong
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ful and am at ease and composed. I
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cat. 105), numerous lacquered wood
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92Bronze huoding tripod, pair of li
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28O I CHU AND OTHER CULTURES
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94Bronze dou vessel inlaid with tur
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284 I CHU AND OTHER CULTURES
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generally believed to have been one
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traditionally associated with the h
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97without lidFIG. i. Profile and cr
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98Bronze filterHeight 88.5 (34 3 /
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scribed with the name of King Yichu
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to hold the wings, and a crown of d
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1O1Bronze drum standHeight 54 (2i l
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1O2Bronze triple ji halberdLength (
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104Two bronze mat weightsHeight 8.0
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than hammered from sheets, the conv
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in common use in the central plains
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advances in joinery techniques, gav
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complement on the left is portrayed
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FIG. i. Cat. 108: profile;lid and h
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315 I CHU LACQUERS FROM HUBEI
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and secured within the wooden frame
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mbunusual arrangement executed with
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FIG. i. Brocade bandssecuring the w
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1123detail112a. Embroidered luo gau
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FIG. i. Weave structureof four cros
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FIG. 2. Drawing of woodfigure cloth
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TOMB 2 ATBAOSHAN,JINGMEN,HUBEI PROV
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ii3Painted lacquer coffinHeight 45
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behind the bird-over-dragon scheme
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ii4Lacquer cabinet and vesselsHeigh
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FIG. i. Bronze zun inlaidwith lacqu
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BRONZE EJUN Ql)IE TALLY FROMQIUJIAH
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FIG. i. Five joined talliesin cross
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command the Jiyin [?] official Dao
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FIG. 1. Painted lacquerbird with an
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119Ten bamboo slipsLength 64-71 (25
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Pan Cheng employed several turtle a
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FIG. i. Conjectural reconstructiono
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12OTwo bronze three-pronged objects
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121Bronze winged mythical animal in
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122Bronze mythical animal inlaid wi
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The Grandeur of EmpiresEARLY IMPERI
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of the First Emperor's army (cats.
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forces symbolically defending the i
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some precise metaphysical idea but
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Cross section of one ofthe pits, sh
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vidual physiognomies is not merely
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The figure exemplifies the key styl
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thigh, holds the arm of the crossbo
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status during the Western Zhou peri
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Excavation photograph ofPit i, with
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Excavation photograph ofDou Wans ja
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11 R12FIG. i. Schematic drawingof t
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130earlier face coverings. Liu Shen
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FIG. i. The top, underside,and two
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fierce creatures." In western regio
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that splays outward to a domed lid
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The pregnant female figure, however
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to Mount Kunlun, a peak that reache
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hands of servants or immortals and
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FIG. i. Cat. 136 from above.After Z
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THE TOMB OFTHE KING OFNANYUE ATXIAN
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Indeed, the contents and constructi
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414 I EARLY IMPERIAL CHINA
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stronger state to the north. His ja
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141Jade pei ornament with dragonand
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142Jade monster mask with bi diskHe
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H3Jade belt hookHeight 6.2 (2 ! / 2
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The second ring is also an unusual
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146Jade dancing figureHeight 3.5 (i
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H7Jade boxHeight 7.7 (3'A), diam. 9
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148Jade beaker with bronze basin st
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149Bronze mounted jade cupHeight 14
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1503150Three gilt bronze fittings f
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150cdetail
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BUDDHISTSCULPTURE FROMMONASTERYSITE
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i5iPainted stone standing Buddhawit
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first using a white base, then fles
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usnisa—the seat of his transcende
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terminating in an elegant pattern,
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their bronze vessels, abandoned Cha
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155Parcel-gilt silver pan dish with
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cal examples of Tang decorative tre
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tongue the other; four rectangular
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stone survives on one of the ducks
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tions. Empress Wu Zetian entertaine
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The Famen Monasterypagoda prior to
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i6oParcel-gilt silver khakkhara (mo
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467 I FAMEN MONASTERY AT FUFENC
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pies, such as the Famen Monastery's
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just 11.8 by 8.4 centimeters — co
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generally bowl-shaped, with a cover
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164Parcel-gilt silver casket with t
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Like the scenes on the side, these
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links the cover to the handle. Side
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The principle of its construction,
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circles of spur marks, fourteen in
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at Dunhuang (Gansu province), a key
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487 I FAMEN MONASTERY AT FUFENC
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The great cosmopolitan city of Xi'a
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tend to be somewhat less freely scu
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1/1A group of five painted pottery
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1/2A group of twelve painted potter
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173A group of six painted pottery f
Page 506 and 507: over the intervening decades the el
Page 508 and 509: South wall and ceiling ofthe antero
Page 510 and 511: J/4Painted marble relief of attenda
Page 512 and 513: V4175Painted marble relief of music
Page 514: the better-known developments in th
Page 517 and 518: AfterwordSU BAI | Most of the treas
Page 520 and 521: New Understandings of Chinese Prehi
Page 522 and 523: the relationship and chronology of
Page 524 and 525: Objects in this exhibition from the
Page 526: remains an issue, most scholars hav
Page 529 and 530: Cat. 68, detailjects and the writte
Page 531 and 532: culture at Yinxu and thus the late
Page 533 and 534: tionship between the Shang and the
Page 535 and 536: ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE DISTANT REGIONST
Page 538 and 539: Issues Concerning the Formation, De
Page 540 and 541: of the Shang. 7 The Shi ji (Records
Page 542 and 543: state, although they were regarded
Page 544 and 545: The Chu absorbed elements of other
Page 546 and 547: Several other discoveries testify t
Page 548: 1 Karlbeck 1926.2 ¥019853,262-269.
Page 551 and 552: acter, ao ("concave" or "sunken"),
Page 553 and 554: Yuan (the Emperor Gaozu of the Tang
Page 555: the tunnel outside the stone door o
Page 559 and 560: MiaodigouMiaopingMinheMogaokuMopan
Page 561 and 562: Empress TaimuEmpress WuEpang (Afang
Page 563 and 564: wuren dongwu wenWushier bingfangYao
Page 565 and 566: BibliographyAllan 1991. Allan, Sara
Page 567 and 568: Zhou Studies, A Review Article,"Ear
Page 569 and 570: Zhongguo lishixue nianjian (1979)(1
Page 571 and 572: Liang and Gao 1968. Liang Siyongand
Page 573 and 574: Reischauer 1955. Reischauer, EdwinO
Page 575 and 576: Pierre, and C.C. Young. "On theMamm
Page 577 and 578: Xia and Wang 1986. Xia Nai andWang
Page 579 and 580: shisi niandai shujuji 1965 - 1991.B
Page 581 and 582: IndexNote: Catalogue numbers are in
Page 583 and 584: Jian-fou cooler and ladle, [97] 290
Page 585: Yaoshan, Yuhang, Zhejiangprovince,
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