Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 38 July 28, 2000

distributions with engine test results generally indicated improved comparisons when NO was added to the fuel. Analysis of secondary
components of alcohol fuels resulted in some unexpected observations. Several previously unidentified species were
observed in these experiments which may impact atmospheric reactivity assessments of these fuels.
NTIS
Combustion; Fuels; Exhaust Emission; Organic Compounds; Contaminants
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GEOPHYSICS
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20000062462 California Univ., Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA USA
Bridging Two Worlds: From the Archean to the Proterozoic Final Report, 1 Apr. 1999 - 31 Mar. 2000
Schopf, J. William, California Univ., USA; [2000]; 9p; In English, 18-20 Feb. 1999, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-8439; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche
As now known, the Archean and Proterozoic appear to have been different worlds: the geology (tectonic style, basinal distribution,
dominant rock types), atmospheric composition (O2, CO21, CH4), and surface environment (day-length, solar luminosity,
ambient temperature) all appear to have changed over time. And virtually all paleobiologic indicators can be interpreted as
suggesting there were significant biotic differences as well: (1) Stromatolites older than 2.5 Ga are rare relative to those of the
Proterozoic; their biotic components are largely unknown; and the biogenicity of those older than approx. 3.2 Ga has been questioned.
(2) Bona fide microfossils older than approx. 2.4 Ga are rare, poorly preserved, and of uncertain biological relations. Gaps
of hundreds of millions of years in the known record make it impossible to show that Archean microorganisms are definitely part
of the 2.4 Ga-to-present evolutionary continuum. and (3) In rocks older than approx. 2.2 Ga, the sulfur isotopic record is subject
to controversy; phylogenetically distinctive bio-markers are unknown; and nearly a score of geologic units contain organic carbon
anomalously light isotopically (relative to that of the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic) that may reflect the presence of Archaeans
(”Archaebacteria of earlier classifications) but may not (since cellularly preserved Archean-age Archaeans have never been identified).
Derived from text
Atmospheric Composition; Classifications; Fossils; Geology; Microorganisms; Precambrian Period; Tectonics
20000062725 California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
Coseismic and Postseismic Deformations Associated with the 1992 Landers, California, Earthquake Measured by Synthetic
Aperture Radar Interferometry
Price, Evelyn J., California Univ., San Diego, USA; 1999; 214p; In English; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright;
Avail: Issuing Activity
This dissertation focuses on using a relatively new technology called Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) to
measure the displacements of the Earth’s surface during the coseismic and postseismic deformation phases of the 1992 Landers,
California, earthquake. An introduction to InSAR and its application to movements of the Earth’s surface are given in Chapter
1. In Chapter 2, microwave remote sensing and the range-Doppler Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) processing algorithm are discussed.
In Chapter 3, the ”phase gradient” method is used to map fractures and triggered slip on faults induced by the Landers
earthquake. In Chapter 4, we investigate the vertical component of displacement on the Landers earthquake rupture and generate
a coseismic vertical displacement map using a combination of InSAR displacement maps and elastic half-space modeling. In
Chapter 5, we map displacements of the Earth’s surface during the postseismic phase of deformation using InSAR measurements
and predict these displacements assuming that the deformation mechanism is after-slip in an elastic half-space. Chapter 6 lists the
main conclusions of Chapters 3,4, and 5.
Author
Synthetic Aperture Radar; Seismology; Interferometry; Geological Faults; Fractures (Materials); Earthquakes; Displacement
20000062896 NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York, NY USA
Influence of the Latitudinal Temperature Gradient on Soil Dust Concentration and Deposition in Greenland
Tegen, Ina, Columbia Univ., USA; Rind, David, NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, USA; [2000]; 28p; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NOAA-NA-56GP0450
Report No.(s): GCN-00-10; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche
129