Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports Volume 38 July 28, 2000

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20000064561 Brown Univ., Dept. of Geological Sciences, Providence, RI USA Diverse Spectral Properties in a Temperature Estuary: First Results from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island Mustard, John F., Brown Univ., USA; Prell, Warren, Brown Univ., USA; Summaries of the Seventh JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop January 12-16, 1998; Dec. 19, 1998; Volume 1, pp. 285-289; In English; See also 20000064520; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche Coastal embayments and estuaries are important ecosystems containing a number of critical habitats and resources. They are currently threatened by changes to their surrounding watersheds. Although there has been a wealth of new knowledge generated over the last decade about these ecosystems, the spatial and temporal patterns of biologic and physical processes, as well as anthropogenic influences are not fully understood. Remotely sensed data offer a unique perspective on these processes because of the synoptic view and that quantitative algorithms can be used to extract geophysical and biophysical information from them. We are conducting a number of investigations using remotely sensed data to develop a better understanding of the visible-near infrared reflectance of water, substrate, and land components that will be used to develop algorithms and analytical tools for analysis of processes in the near shore and estuarine environment (patterns of productivity, spatial and temporal patterns of algal blooms, turbidity, etc.). The study area for our work is Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. The bay and coastal salt ponds are Rhode Island’s premier natural resource and provide the state with numerous jobs ranging from tourism to shellfishing. The objectives of this proposal are complementary to many Bay Project initiatives and thus support a number of high quality goals. These include: effects of land use and land use change on estuarine systems, links between existing data sets for Narragansett Bay and coastal salt ponds with regional perspectives of remote sensing, and a better understanding of the relationships between physical and biological processes. Visible-near infrared reflectance spectra of coastal and estuarine waters are a complex convolution of the optical properties of water, phytoplankton, gelbstoff, dissolved organic matter, and suspended sediment. Our long term goals are to develop quantitative methods for extraction of the physical abundances of these contributing constituents to the observed reflectance spectra. The work consists of observations with airborne sensors such as AVIRIS and in situ measurements using water samples, towed salinity, temperature, and fluorescence sensors, and field spectra obtained with portable spectrometers. In this abstract, we report on the first results of data obtained by AVIRIS on August 19, 1997. The data discussed here were obtained at 11:22 EDT on a flight path from the north to the south along the eastern border of the bay. The solar zenith angle was 55.5 deg and the solar azimuth was 141 deg. Derived from text Bays (Topographic Features); Coastal Water; Dissolved Organic Matter; Remote Sensing; Estuaries; Spectral Reflectance 20000066598 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Center for Coastal Studies, La Jolla, CA USA Internal Waves on the Continental Margin Final Report, 1 Nov. 1995-31 Oct. 1998 Winant, Clinton D.; Hendershott, Myrl C.; Apr. 25, 2000; 4p; In English Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-1-0031 Report No.(s): AD-A376807; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche Internal wave antennas composed of moored acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCP’s) generally covering the middle 80% of the water column plus one to seven continuously recording temperature loggers distributed along the mooring line were deployed in waters just offshore of San Diego at depths ranging from 15 m to 500 m during the summer and fall of 1996 and 1997. Simultaneous meteorological observations are available from Scripps Pier in La Jolla. OTD yoyo’s were carried out over periods ranging from about 3 to about 24 hours during mooring deployment, service and recovery, and a bottom pressure sensor was deployed at the 15 m mooring. The data provide a new degree of vertical and horizontal resolution of the velocity and temperature fields associated with internal tidal band motions (including diurnal motions apparently driven by the land-seabreeze cycle) and borelike and apparently solitary disturbances in shallow (tens of m) water during summertime. DTIC Internal Waves; Meteorological Parameters; Solitary Waves; Mooring 140
51 LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL) Includes general research topics related to plant and animal biology (non-human); ecology; microbiology; and also the origin, development, structure, and maintenance, of animals and plants in space and related environmental conditions. For specific topics in life sciences see categories 52 through 55. 20000064567 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USA Investigating the Relationship Between Liquid Water and Leaf Area in Clonal Populus Roberts, Dar, California Univ., USA; Brown, K., Washington Univ., USA; Green, R., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; Ustin, S., California Univ., USA; Hinckley, T., Washington Univ., USA; Summaries of the Seventh JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop January 12-16, 1998; Dec. 19, 1998; Volume 1, pp. 335-344; In English; See also 20000064520 Contract(s)/Grant(s): W/GEC95-062A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche Leaf Area Index (LAI) is one of the most commonly employed biophysical parameters used to characterize vegetation canopies and scale leaf physiological processes to larger scales. For example, LAI is a critical parameter used in regional scale estimates of evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, primary productivity, and carbon cycling (Running et al., 1989; Dorman and Sellers, 1989; Potter et al., 1993). LAI is typically estimated using ratio-based techniques, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI: e.g. Tucker 1979; Asrar et al., 1989; Sellers 1985, 1987). The physical basis behind this relationship depends on the high spectral contrast between scattered near-infrared (NIR) and absorbed red radiation in canopies. As the number of leaves present in a canopy increases over a unit area, NIR reflectance increases, while red reflectance decreases, resulting in an increase in the ratio. Through time series and image compositing, NDVI provides an additional temporal measure of how these parameters change, providing a means to monitor fluxes and productivity (Tucker et al., 1983). NDVI, while highly successful for agriculture and grassland ecosystems has been found to be less successful in evergreen chaparral and forested ecosystems (Badhwar et al., 1986; Gamon et al., 1993; Hall et al., 1995). Typically, the relationship between NDVI and LAI becomes progressively more asymptotic at LAI values above three (Sellers, 1985), although linear relationships have been observed in conifers at LAis as high as 13 (Spanner et al., 1990). In this paper, we explore an alternative approach for estimating LAI for remotely sensed data from AVIRIS based on estimates of canopy liquid water. Our primary objective is to test the hypothesis that the depth of the liquid water bands expressed in canopy reflectance spectra at 960, 1200, 1400 and 1900 nm increases with increasing LAI in canopies. This study builds from work by Roberts et al. (1997), in which liquid water was shown to increase following a gradient of increasing LAI ranging from grasslands to coniferous forests. In that study, it was observed that forests, which showed little variation in NDVI, showed significant variation in liquid water. In order to test this hypothesis, we analyzed field spectra measured over Populus resprouts of known LAI and monitored changes in liquid water in young Populus stands as they aged over a 4-year time span. The study was conducted in south-central Washington, in a clonal Populus fiber farm owned and operated by Boise-Cascade near the town of Wallula. Derived from text Canopies (Vegetation); Chaparral; Leaf Area Index; Remote Sensing; Moisture Content; Spectral Reflectance 20000064603 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA Molecular Simulations in Astrobiology Pohorille, Andrew, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Wilson, Michael A., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Schweighofer, Karl, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Chipot, Christophe, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; New, Michael H., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; February 2000; In English; See also 20000064579; No Copyright; Abstract Only; Available from CASI only as part of the entire parent document One of the main goals of astrobiology is to understand the origin of cellular life. The most direct approach to this problem is to construct laboratory models of protocells. Such efforts, currently underway in the NASA Astrobiology Program, are accompanied by computational studies aimed at explaining self-organization of simple molecules into ordered structures that are capable of performing protocellular functions. Many of these functions, such as importing nutrients, capturing energy and responding to changes in the environment, are carried out by proteins bound to membranes. We use computer simulations to address the following questions about these proteins: (1) How do small proteins self-organize into ordered structures at water-membrane interfaces and insert into membranes? (2) How do peptides form membrane-spanning structures (e.g. channels)? (3) by what mechanisms do such structures perform their functions? The simulations are performed using the molecular dynamics method. In this method, Newton’s equations of motion for each atom in the system are solved iteratively. At each time step, the forces exerted on each atom by the remaining atoms are evaluated by dividing them into two parts. Short-range forces are calculated in real space while long-range forces are evaluated in reciprocal space, using a particle-mesh algorithm which is of order O(NInN). With a time step of 2 femtoseconds, problems occurring on multi-nanosecond time scales (10(exp 6)-10(exp 8) time steps) are accessible. to 141
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Scientific and Technical Aerospace
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Introduction Scientific and Technic
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Subject Divisions Table of Contents
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ground equipment and systems. For a
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Subject Categories of the Division
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48 Oceanography 139 Includes the ph
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72 Atomic and Molecular Physics 191
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Document Availability Information T
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Avail: NASA Public Document Rooms.
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NASA CASI Price Tables — Effectiv
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ALABAMA AUBURN UNIV. AT MONTGOMERY
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20000061433 Pisa Univ., Dipartiment
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English; 34th; 34th Thermophysics C
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ciency of the generated derivative
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20000063509 NASA Glenn Research Cen
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05 AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PER
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A long tradition of aerodynamic des
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sonic and transonic cases will be p
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20000061449 British Aerospace Publi
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20000064593 NASA Langley Research C
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performance required for a proposed
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ment cost and create better product
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tion (NPSS), is focused on the inte
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surface measurement techniques used
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with emphasis on the search for lin
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20000063520 NASA Kennedy Space Cent
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primary issues for it’s adaptatio
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Footage shows the night vertical ta
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necessary for ignition modeling, or
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engine lifetime, and high power ope
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24 COMPOSITE MATERIALS ��
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ments. For the screening of liner m
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formation of a neutral, fluorescent
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20000065655 Ames Lab., IA USA Funda
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This is a second Triennial Conferen
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of completely charged PSSNa solutio
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20000064100 NASA Langley Research C
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Spacecraft in low Earth orbit (LEO)
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Pressure gradients, i.e. pressure h
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agreed that the NO(sub x) levels co
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tectural approach to extending the
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20000064078 Physics and Electronics
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20000064925 Institute for Human Fac
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20000066607 Institute for Human Fac
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20000062455 National Inst. of Stand
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Added Analysis (Risk Reduction); 6)
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shipboard electrical power generati
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20000067664 Jet Propulsion Lab., Ca
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other, The theoretical framework go
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figures compare the lift and pitchi
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ment phase demonstrate desired feat
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esolution mode with resolving power
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to track 1% or 0.5% changes was hig
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Page 125 and 126: 20000064527 Analytical Imaging and
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Page 129 and 130: 20000064539 California Univ., Inst.
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Page 133 and 134: in Yellowstone National Park. We ar
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Page 155 and 156: We investigate the compositional di
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important conclusion is that for su
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est frame of the string. The modifi
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isotopes. The method and program we
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A detailed study is undertaken, usi
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20000063497 Kaiser Electro-Optics,
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delivers 60% of the x-ray flux from
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76 SOLID-STATE PHYSICS ��
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20000064660 Abdus Salam Internation
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20000067648 NASA Marshall Space Fli
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20000064703 Institute of Atomic Ene
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The BRST approach is applied to the
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20000067671 Hampton Univ., VA USA A
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82 DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SC
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ecoming almost too cumbersome to be
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physical world. These are the two p
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with WFPC2 data. Tests of HSTphot
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A brief description is given of the
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20000064070 NASA Ames Research Cent
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gas, show variations that have rema
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egy, called Power In that would all
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20000064089 Smithsonian Astrophysic
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A ABERRATION, 143, 198 ABRASION, 22
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COMPRESSIBLE FLOW, 83 COMPRESSION L
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FATIGUE (MATERIALS), 50, 93, 96 FAT
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LASING, 90 LATE STARS, 224 LATITUDE
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PATCH ANTENNAS, 74 PATHOLOGY, 98 PA
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SPACE PLATFORMS, 38 SPACE PROBES, 2
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WIND PROFILES, 137 WIND TUNNEL TEST
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Brown, Andy, 38 Brown, April S., 20
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Grosvenor, C. A., 70 Grosvenor, J.
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Lu, Gui-Ying, 50 Lugg, Desmond J.,
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Robertson, Tony, 39 Robinson, Jeffr
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Warner, J. D., 63 Warren, James, 16
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